3D Profile StructureSubmitted to- Prof. B.K. Behera

Submitted by- Ashutosh Shukla

INTRODUCTION

•The 3D weaving technology is used for the production of only specially industrial fabrics. Keeping high level of security in mind for protective clothing, 3D fabric play important role.

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A single-fabric system, the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in a three mutually perpendicular plane relationship

3-D Woven Construction

X

Y

Z

Drawbacks of 2D Construction

• Anisotropic

• Poor in-plane shear resistance

• Less modulus than the fiber material due to presence of crimp

3D Structure

Yarns are arranged perpendicular to each other in X, Y and Z directions No interlacing or crimp exists between yarn

Thickness can be increased

High Fibre Volume Fraction

Classification of 3D Structures

I) Based on type of 3D Structures

3D Solid:

3D Hollow:Flat surfaceUneven surface

3D Shell:By weave

combinationBy differential

take-upBy moulding

3D Nodal

II) Based on type of mechanism

3D Woven 3D Knitted 3D Nonwoven 3D Jacquard

design Braided

structureIII) Based on type of weaving process

2D weaving – 3D fabrics

3D weaving – 3D fabrics

NOOBING

OrthogonalWarp InterlockAngle Interlock

3D Solid structure

Orthogonal

It is characterized by straight yarns in warp, weft and thickness directions

This structure can provide a greater volume fraction than Warp interlock structures

3D Solid Structure

It is a multilayer fabric

Used for flat panel reinforcement

Normally woven on a shuttle loom

Warp Interlock

3D Solid structure

Structures are distinguished by the

individual layers

Each layer may be of different weave

Stitching of layers

Structure ranges from 2 to 4 layers

Angle Interlock

3D profiled Structure

Profiled textile preforms are like beams Common shapes include I, L, T, U, H, π These beams have at least one web (vertical part) and one flange

(horizontal part) Profiled preforms are 3D fabrics as they satisfy the definition :

“A single fabric system the constituent yarns of which are supposedly disposed in three mutually perpendicular plane relationship”

Profiled structures

Image courtesy : Khokar, N Developing a Family of Generic Profiled 3D Textile Pre-forms for Modular Construction

Enlarged profiled structuresPi-profile L-profile

U-profile T-profile

Single blade joint structure

Double blade joint structure

cruciform structure

Different Methods to Produced Profiled Structure

Manufacturing By True 3D Weaving

Front Section of 3D loom

‘T’ Profile

Warp arrangement for ‘T’ formation in the folded manner

Line sketch of ‘T’ joint with insert

Warp arrangement will be in folded form

In the case of ‘T’ profile, weft path cycle constitutes of 4 steps

Warp cross-section and Weft path for developing the ‘T’ profile

3D profile Manufactured on 2D Handloom

• Weave design plan for ‘T’ developed using warp cross-section• It serves as the input for the weaver to develop the profile.

‘T’ Profile Contd..

Weave design Sample woven on handloom

"Recent trends in textile technology and material science“ Technical university of Liberec., 21/06/2012

Architectural features of 3D preform

No Fillers/Noodles at web-flange junctionsNo stitching/pinning to suppress delaminationStrengthened corner- rounded corner of web-flange prevents stress

concentration, improve performanceSpace saving; Create compact structureno structural looseness and distortionEasy handling and matrix infusion

Overall Advantage of 3D Profiled

3D weaving process uniquely engineers;High resistance to delaminationHigh interconnectivity of through-thickness yarns at web-flange junctionHigh stability of web-flange junctionEfficient productionCost effective productionMost reliable web-flange junction

Applications

Application of profiled structures

Stiffeners Construction elements Integrated seamless machine components Working components Load bearing elements and their web-

flange junctions

Profiled structures in assembly

Image courtesy : Second-Generation Woven Profiled 3D Fabrics from 3D-Weaving

In Automobile

IN AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING

LEAP Fan Blade

LEAP Fan CasingGear Brace Lift fan

REFERENCES

Khokar N., Differentiating architectural features of 3D woven profiles for structural application. Tserpes KI, Cinquin Jacques, and Pantelakis sp., On the mechanical performance of Non-crimp fabric H-shaped adhesively bonded joints, LTSM

university Patras 26500, Greece. Dr. Islam, M. Amirul, 3D Woen Structures and overview of Manufacturing Technologies, 4 th world conference on 3D fabric, Germany,

12/10/2012. Tserpes, KI, Pantelakis, Sp and Kappatos, V., The effect of imperfect bonding on the pull-out behavior of non-crimp fabric Pi-shaped joints, Comput

Mater Sci 2009; doi:10.1016/j.commatsci.2010.05.012. Crawford, J. A., Recent developments in multidirectional weaving, NASA Publication No. 2420, pp. 259-269 (1985). Llopart, P.L., Tserpes, K.I. and Labeas, G.N., Experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of imperfect bonding on the strength of NCF

double-lap shear joints, Compos Struct 2009; 92: 1673–1682. Khokar, N., Differentiating architectural features of 3D woven profiled for structural application , Proceedings of the fourth world conference on 3D

fabrics, 2012. http://www.aero-mag.com/features/24/20117/942/ www.sigmatex.com http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/LEAP-Fan-Blade.aspx http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/LEAP-Fan-Casing.aspx http://www.albint.com/businesses/aec/IndustryApplications/SampleApplications/Pages/787-Dreamliner-Main-Landing-Gear-Brace.aspx US7712488 Unal, P. G. 3D Woven Fabrics, Namık Kemal University Department of Textile Engineering Turkey

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