3D Models of the deeper underground – Case studies in the ... · PDF file3D Models of...
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3D Models of the deeper underground – Case studies in the German North Sea
Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources – BGR
Gesa Kuhlmann Stephan Steuer
& GPDN-Team
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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Geo Potenzial Deutsche Nordsee
Geo-Scientific Potential of the German North Sea
Aim of the project:
Acquisition and provision of basic geoscientific information supporting a sustainable development of maritime economic and natural area
of the German North Sea area.
Joint cooperation of project partners: • Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources (BGR) • State Authority for Mining, Geology and Energy (LBEG) • Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH)
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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In december, the results of the project will be presented in form of web-based, user-oriented products and made accessible for the private, business and research sector, as well as for public authorities.
Geological structural model of the North Sea area A
Sedimentary & mineral deposits, ground properties of the shallow subsurface B
Sea-level development and geological framework C
Assessment of the hydrocarbon potential D
Storage capacity of the North Sea area E
Geo-Information System North Sea F
Geo-Potential of the German North Sea The project is subdivided
into six technical modules, all closely connected in terms of content.
GPDN: Project structure
Project duration: 5 years (2009 until end of 2013)
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
http://www.geopotenzial-nordsee.de
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Motivation: three questions – one input model
lithogical model of Buntsandstein
for reservoir modelling
storage potential
petroleum-system-
modelling
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
But different data coverage and data quality for model areas
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3D seismic surveys
Industrial seismic lines
BGR seismic lines
3D seismic surveys
Industrial seismic lines
BGR seismic lines
Model based on GTA 3D
GTA-NW Deutschland (1999)
Two model areas – two methodological approaches
New seismic interpretation
Existing horizon and fault data
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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Problems with existing data => Model generalization with GOCAD
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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1) Horizon Modeling -> decimation and retriangulation
2) Fault Modeling -> criteria for vertical offset and fault length
>100 m
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Red = 78 faults above Zechstein salt
Blue = 27 faults beneath Zechstein salt
Fault Model
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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• modifying overhangs of salt domes to vertical walls
• the lateral dimension of every salt structure depends on the salt top surface
• potential traps near salt overhangs have been eliminated
salt structure Delia
6000 12.000 [m]
Generalisation of salt dome geometry -> first input for Petrel model
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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• 17 base surfaces and 2 top surfaces from Namur up to the Middle Miocene / Seafloor • 105 fault surfaces fault model with normal and strike-slip faults • tringulated surfaces without multiple z-values
Result: Generalised structural model
=> Consistent model ready to use for other applications (i.e. dynamic modelling)
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
Workflow for 3D facies-modelling with Petrel
Structural Workflow
Corner point gridding
Property Modelling
- Surfaces - Fault modelling process
Input data: - Well data / maps - geophysical logs - lithological descriptions - faciesinterpretation
- Pillar gridding process
1
2
3
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Structural workflow
Surfaces taken from GOCAD grids together with new interpretation
faults from GOCAD as fault surfaces
=> Structural model in Petrel
1
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1) Huge problems in the grid around salt structures - Grid cells dependent on horizon parametres (conformable, discontinous etc) => solution: creation of faults around saltstructures Is it only Petrel problem?
- Delimiting errors from fault model by try and error in the modelling process 2) In a regional model horizons have the same properties over the whole area => causes problems with gridding Examples: conformable surface in one area vs. erosional in the other
if base Solling = erosional => cutting of saltstructures
Pillar gridding 2
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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Property modelling Strat Litho Facies
lithological description results in a lot of combitionation of ‚letter strings‘ => Making automatisation difficult
3 GeODin – Output table as Access Database
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Statistics: SIS algorithm borehole radius: 250 km
17 lithologies
Areas with randomly filled properties
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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Solution: => Manual correction => Grouping of colors in the template
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Generalisation by upscaling
Classification of lithologies
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
=> What‘s the necessary grade of detail ?
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Facies model ready to use for dynamic modelling
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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gOcad
Petrel
Petromod
ArcGIS Geoframe
ArcGIS
GeODin
One model – different software solutions
shp-file
ASCII-files
ASCII-file v2009.3 – v2011.3
v2012.4 v7.5
v10.0
v10.0 v2012
Eclipse
SKUA ?
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013
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Summary – Open Questions - Discussion
Modelling of salt structures in GOCAD and Petrel -> consequences for gridding process
Automatisation of well parameters / lithological descriptions -> Grade of detail / databases
Software issues -> which software to use / best workflow ?
Workshop on 3D geological modelling, Utrecht, September 17-18, 2013