26

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background of the Study

1Malaysia (1M) is a concept to strengthen unity among all the races in Malaysia advocatedby Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak on September 16, 2009. Before the 1960s, integrity in Malaysia came naturally however all the races in Malaysia were segregated based on their career after globalization. Malays stayed at the rural areas and get themselves involved in the local politics and government. The Chinese started monopolizing the main companies and business in Malaysia whereas the Indians mostly worked as rubber tapping estate. Then on 13th May 1969, the infamous bloody riot happened which had display intolerance among the races in Malaysia. The Malaysian riot of 1969 that was caused by the racism which involved the Malays and Chinese was sadly and eternally recorded in the Malaysia history. Consequently, the gap in racial in our society had reduce the integrity and harmonious society in Malaysia (Mohd Hashim, 2010).

After the tragedy of May 13, the government of the day became more concerned about the matter of racial harmony which ought to be on the top of the agenda. As a response to the issue on the lack of awareness among Malaysian and about the importance of unity, integrity and harmony in our country, our Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak had propose the 1M concept in 2009. To ensure an even distribution of wealth between racial groups, 1M concept procures the needs of all sectors of the plural society and between states and federal. In order to ensure the integrity on the part of the government and public sector, NKRAs (National Key Results Area) and KPIs were introduced (Ir.Dr Hasnul, 2010). These programs were created to support the Prime Ministers motto of People First, Performance Now.

Other than that, it is obvious that 1M is a different concept from Malaysian Malaysia on a pivotal point (Syed Ali, 2009). The previous concept placed more emphasizes on working with current mechanism of affirmative action, while the latter wishes to precede it. Datuk Seri NajibTunRazak denied that his 1M concept was similar to another countries despite claims by Pakatan Rakyat that it resembles 1 Israel concept (Shazwan, 2010). The key principle of 1M is not to abrogate affirmative action and Bumiputera privileges as stipulated in the Federal Constitution of 1957, rather it is to improve on its implementation in a just and fair manner. The fragile social contract as has been agreed upon by our forefathers shall then be kept intact. Clearly, the underlying key to this concept is the catchphrase unity in diversity.

Furthermore, the 1M concept is based on People First, Performance Now principle. In order to achieve Vision 2020, the government had develop this principle to concentrate on the fields that where people most needed and direct disproportionately our countrys restricted resources towards these main concern areas. Eight values have been proposed by the Prime Minister of Malaysia in the context of the 1M initiative to achieve this vision. These eight values are: humility, acceptance, loyalty, meritocracy, education, integrity, culture of excellence, and perseverance (Ir.Dr Hasnul, 2010). No one will be neglected based on the fundamental in the principle of fairness for all races. As a nation, we must embrace the diversity in ethnicity, religion and beliefs by building mutual respect, acceptance and trust among ourselves. Only when these principles are fulfilled, an achievement like Vision 2020 can become a reality. And on such, this vision should be embraced not only by the general public but specifically among student in institution of higher Learning and Universities. This future generation that will mould the country to next generation.

1.2Statement of Problem

The competitiveness of our nation is at stake with an increasingly challenging global environment, which in turn jeopardizes our quality of life. All kinds of challenges brought about by globalization, including socialistic, economical and political had change the perception and attitude of generation nowadays towards integrity. To overcome this situation, our Prime Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak had advocate the 1M concept to encounter the problem of lack of awareness among Malaysian about the importance of unity, integrity and harmony in our country.

As a multi-racial country, Malaysia needs a strong nation spirit to be one of the top countries in the world. Realizing the important of unity of nation, our prime minister introduced 1M concept and many programs were conducted in order to promote this concept. However, the awareness of this concept was still at the lower level.

1.3Purposes of the study

In response to this concerning challenge, a research group was set up to explore the issues further. The purpose of the study described in this research report was to identify the level of awareness on 1M concept among the multi-races in Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering (FBB).

1.4.Objectives of the study

The objectives of this study are:1.To identify the attitude and awareness of students of FBB towards 1M concept.2. To examine the students current activities or ways of life in campus after the implementation of 1M concept.3.To investigate the significant of 1M concept to the students of FBB.

1.5Research Questions

In order to investigate the awareness of 1Malaysia concept in FBB, the purpose and objectives of the study had lead to the formulation of research questions.

The research sought answers to the following research questions :1.What are the attitude and awareness of students of FBB towards 1M concept?2.What are the students current activities or ways of life in campus after the implementation of 1M concept? 3.What are the significant of 1M concept to the students of FBB?

1.6Significance of The Study

Although 1M concept is well known nowadays, this research is done to ensure all the races especially in FBB, University Teknologi Malaysia are aware of all the 1Malaysia programs. This study is pivotal for the students of FBB to ensure they understand the concept well and practice the way of use of 1M concept to strengthen the racial integrity among ourselves.

1.7Scope of The Study

This research conducted to measure the awareness of 1M concept. The researchers started by investigating the attitude and awareness of students of FBB towards 1M concept, we will also explore the students current activities or ways of life in campus after the implementation of 1M concept, besides the significant of 1M concept to the students of FBB.

The first study on the issue of awareness of 1M concept involved 40 respondents who were between the ages of 19 and 25 years old. The respondents were randomly selected by the research team. The data collected via questionnaires will be analyzed from April until May 2012 using Microsoft Office Excel.

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.0Introduction

This section discusses the literature review of the research. The main purpose of this literature review is to define the 1Malaysia (1M) Concept briefly. On the other hand, the researchers can further explore the history of 1M concept, understand the principle and the 8 values of 1Malaysia concept from this literature review.

2.1Definition of 1Malaysia Concept

1Malaysia can be defined as the governments effort to make Malaysia as a country that has a good social interaction between all the races to overcome all kind of challenges brought by globalization. The 1M concept has been proposed by Malaysian Prime Minister Najib Tun Razak on 16 September 2010 and the official logo and slogan was introduced during the launching of 1M concept. In other words, 1Malaysia is an on-going plan calling for the cabinet, government agencies, and civil servants to more strongly stress the ethnic harmony, national unity, and efficient governance. 1Malaysia logo include the symbol of number 1 which uses the national flag of Malaysia, Jalur Gemilang on the background and the word Malaysia. In addition, in year 2009 the slogan for the 1M concept is Rakyat Didahulukan, Pencapaian Diutamakan (People First, Performance Now) and was changed to Menjana Transformasi (Generating Transformation). For 2012, the 1M concept applies the slogan of Transformasi Berjaya, Rakyat Sejahtera (Transformation Successful, People Prosperous).

Although the 1M concept is not a new concept in the worldwide country, it had been promoted through wide range of a new ideas produced from our prime ministry. Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak stated that we stand, we think and we act as Malaysians. The actions taken should be based on the needs of all ethnic groups in our country ("1Malaysia People First Performance Now,"). Through this concept, we are trained to think and act as people that will concern about the sensitivity between all the races in Malaysia. The Malaysian people should think about the boundaries of ethically, religions and races on their daily activities.

2.2History of 1Malaysia Concept

For centuries, the Malay Peninsula and indeed Southeast Asia has been a gathering place for trade. The Malacca Sultanate ruled over the Straits of Malacca from its founding in 1402 to the 1511 invasion by Portugal (Mohd Hashim, 2010). Before 1960s, integrity in Malaysia came naturally among all races. In the 17th century, the British started to dominate as administrators of Malaya. The territories of the British were set up as free ports, attempting to end the monopoly held by other colonial powers as the time, and making them large bases of trade. They allowed Britain to control all trade through the straits of Malacca.

Since then, a legacy of the British colonial system was the segregation of Malaysians into three groups according to job divisions. The Malays were concentrated in their traditional villages, focusing mainly on agricultural activities and some of them get involved in politics while the Chinese monopolized Malaysian commerce. Educated Indians took up professional roles such as those of doctors or lawyers, while the less wealthy worked at the plantations. The Reid Commission which drafted the Malaysian Constitution made a provision for limited confirmatory action through Article 153, which gave the Malays special rights, such as 60% of quota of university entrance (Mohd Hashim, 2010).

However, after the tragic event of May 13 of racial rioting in the federal capital of Kuala Lumpur, the government of the day increase their level of awareness about the issue of racial harmony ought to be on the top of the priorities. The "Malaysian Malaysia" concept was first used in the early 1960s as a motto of the Malaysian Solidarity Council, a meeting of political parties which involves the safeguarding of rights of the Malays and other native peoples that united against Article 153 of the Federal Constitution. This 1Malaysia policy seeks to disintegrate the basic foundation in which the community is built on efficiently. Justice that is promoted in Malaysian Malaysia takes the advantage of the utilization of total equity version ("1Malaysia People First Performance Now,").

In the history of Malaysia, Tunku Abdul Rahman is recognized as the Father of Independence for his contributions and sacrifices in bringing the country from colonialism to independence. He became the first prime minister of the Federation of Malaya from 1957 to1963, and of Malaysia from 1963 to 1970. In 1956, under his leadership, he led a mission to London for a discussion with the British government concerning the independence for Malaya. The conference resulted in the signing of the Independent Treaty at Lancaster House in London on February 8, 1956 and consequently, the Independence of Malaya in August 31, 1957. Furthermore, Tunku was then elected as the first Prime Minister of Malaya ("History of Malaysia," 2009). In May 1961, Tunku advocated the idea of Malaysia - a alliance of Malaya, Singapore, Sarawak, North Borneo (later called Sabah) and Brunei. Brunei and Singapore however withdrew from Malaysia in 1963 and 1965 due to some disagreement and disputes.

Tun Abdul Razak Bin Hussien Al-Haj was the second prime minister of Malaysia, heading the country from 1970 to 1976 and he was the one who set up the political party which was (Barisan Nasional). He attempted very hard to retain the organization of Barisan Nasional and was able to procure a high number of membership during of its parties. In addition, he was also well-known for the launching of Malaysia New Economical Policy (MNEP). MNEP had established two basic objectives which were to diminish and eventually eliminate poverty and to reduce and eventually eradicate identification of economic function with race. Tun Abdul Razak is acknowledged as the Father of Development for his contributions in the area of national and rural development.

The Third Prime Minister of Malaysia, Tun Hussien bin Dato Onn which was born in Johor Bahru and leading Malaysia from 1976 to 1981. He was granted as Bapa Perpaduan (Father of Unity). This title really suit to all the endeavors that he had done in order to enhance the unity of nation. Due to the rectifying economic inequity between communities, Tun Hussein kept stressing on the issue of unity through his policies. He also gave serious concern to the concept of Rukun Tetangga - a neighbourhood watchscheme and the fight against the drug menace. On 17 July 1981, he retired from active politics and relinquished his prime minister post due to health concerns ("History of Malaysia," 2009).

Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad was the fourth Prime Minister of Malaysia from 1981 to 2003, making him Malaysia's longest serving Prime Minister. Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad also known as Bapa Pemodenan Malaysia and his ideas have always been controversial and transformational. For his contribution to Malaysia, he had emphasized the role of Science and Technology to stimulate rapid economic growth and overall productivity and to generate a strong industrial base in Malaysia. This attempt sustained under the National Development Plan (NDP), the 6th Malaysia Plan (6MP) and the 7th Malaysia Plan (7MP). Malaysia is set to be a fully urbanized nation in line with Vision 2020 under this long term plan.

Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi succeeded Tun Dr Mahathir bin Mohamad as fifth prime minister of Malaysia, affectionately known as "Pak Lah" in year 2003. His role in unite people of Malaysia was by giving opportunities of getting 1Malaysia netbooks to students who stayed in the villages as they had the same capability as their peers in the capital area. Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi was at the 1Malaysia Netbook presentation ceremony in SMK Datuk Haji Ahmad Badawi where 450 students received netbooks contributed by the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC). Many rural schools in Kepala Batas had achieved high performances and certified that they were able to compete with other schools in the city with the use of netbooks as teaching and learning tools as the netbooks open doors to various information on the Internet, indirectly widen the students' knowledge beyond their textbooks. Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi stated that if given an equal chance in getting high-quality education, children in villages will also yield good academic results. He also stressed that the government should continue these efforts ("Students receive 1Malaysia netbooks," 2012).

To attain unity, some other countries have implemented the concept of full assimilation to develop a single national identity. For our nation, our Prime Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak put forth the new initiative called 1Malaysia that is different because it esteems the diversity amongst various ethnic groups and leverages this diversity as a competitive asset for the nation. Hence, 1Malaysia is a different concept from Malaysian Malaysia on a pivotal point (Syed Ali, 2009). The previous concept more emphasized on working with current mechanism of affirmative action, the latter wishes to precede it. Furthermore, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak denied that his 1 Malaysia concept was similar to another country despite claims by Pakatan Rakyat that it resembles 1 Israel concept (Shazwan, 2010). As 1Malaysia concept emphasized inclusiveness through the acceptance of differences and encourages us all to embrace the unique qualities of each group.

Hence, to prevent any racial tension in our society, it seems that the need to implementing 1Malaysia policy is the drastic move to provide Malaysian people with integrity and harmony.

2.3Principle of 1Malaysia Concept

Principle of acceptance, principle of national spirit and principle of social justice are three tenets of 1Malaysia to enhance national unity,.

Principle of acceptance is the significant of that acceptability among Malaysian. It is reflected in the form of attitude, action, perspective and views on certain facts such as fact about Malaysian history and its pluralism. This principle must be reflected through positive attitude, accepting the fact with sincerity and open minded. Even though we are living in different lifestyles, practices and cultures, but we are still able to accept each other unique and being proud of multi-races country.

As for the principle of national spirit, loyalty and nationalism for our country have been instilled by our past leader in the early time. Tunku Abdul Rahman and his assistant Tun V.T Sambathan and also Tun Tan Cheng Lok strived for the freedom and independence for Malays States from the British Colonist through the Alliance Party. Then, New Economic Policy inspired by Tun Abdul Razak to unite the whole Malaysian followed by Tun Hussein Onn who known best because of his works in inculcating unity among Malaysian and well-known as the "Father of Unity". The Vision 2020 introduced by Tun Dr Mahathir and the Concept of Excellence, Glory and Distinction promoted by Tun Abdullah Hj Ahmad Badawi had brought a changes to our nation solidarity and unity ("1Malaysia People First Performance Now,").The principle of social justice posses a very focus on championing the interests of each and every community, to ensure that there is no group of people is being neglected and left behind. Social justice in the Malaysian context requires taking effort in the consideration of their respective levels of achievement for each community. Fairness is the key factor in this principle. Therefore, fairness must be pursued to ensure the productivity and ability and integrity to be rewarded.

2.4Values of 1Malaysia Concept

The eight values that hems by Datuk Seri Najib Tun Abdul Razak in the 1M Concept hope to unite the mind and action of Malaysians in order to lead to the goal of our nation. Among these values are Culture of Excellence, Endurance, Humility, Acceptance, Loyalty, Meritocracy, Education and Integrity ("1Malaysia People First Performance Now,").

The practice of a culture of high reputation and excellence will lead our country to greater heights achievement and success. Laid back and apathy attitudes are not allowed to be present in a progressive society. In contrast, the culture has to be broadcasted with prestige constantly to determine the attainment and maturity. In determining the progress and the acceptance of others, particularly when dealing with people outside our country, precision in time management is critically important when determine excellence. Precision in measurement, delivery schedule and quality are all important and strongly correlated in order to ensure excellence and success. To measure the quality of service along with commitment, enthusiasm and hard work, Key Performance Indicators (KPI) is used.

Endurance and diligence are needed for each execution of work. For the sake of individual success and for our country, we have to be ardent in facing trials and challenges in our daily life. The spirit of fighting and strong must be there to attain success for ourselves, society and also motherland. Failure or deterioration, on the other hand should be analyzed besides corrected in an optimistic way. In order to success, granting things to frustrations or leaving things for fate or chance should be avoided or get rid of while a diverse and innovative approach is required to bring on significant changes when confronting failure.

Humility is an essential trait that promoted in Islamic teachings. Meanwhile, it is the culture and the manner of the Malay society who gives the greatest esteem to modest people. Etiquette and courtesy should become the part of our life. Malaysians are humble and respect to others although we have our inner strengths and abilities. Humility also depends on place, situation and time. For example, we need to present our ability and strength as a modest Malaysians when come into contact with foreign people at overseas.

In execution and phrase, acceptance and tolerance have different meanings. Acceptance is the behavior of receiving ideas and comment in a positive way and with no forcing. Malaysia is one of the nations that require those that are able to recognize the best through common understanding. In order to build up national identity, best solution that gets through the acceptance of all races is required. Those that are good for multi-races in Malaysia should be utilized and get recognized by our society. Allocations for finance and programs by our government should be disseminated reasonably, widely besides equitably with regard to the requirement but not according to the political tendency, ethnic, race or community. In addition, the equity should pertain financial assistance, scholarship and education. Self-development determined by individual skills and aptitude in spite of races background or gender.

Loyalty is one of the vital principles in all circumstances. Second National Principle stated that we should loyal to our King and nation absolutely. Malaysians should put the importance and loyalty to our nation as top priority compare to others. Followers must show their submission to their leaders in the company or otherwise the mission or objective will definitely not be achieved. Constructive criticism and views tend are accepted to ensure the success in one relationship. Positive criticism can make the things done and with good intentions, it can correct all weaknesses and improve to for general good. Loyalty is related to the capability of perform the works and duty remarkably and its incentives may be given according to the attempt, attainment and improvement. Blind loyalty is meaningless and hopeless.

In this democratic country, meritocracy is the direction or way that should be embedded besides practiced so that we are ready for the opportunities to spur the development of our nation. Some parties will not be well provided with opportunities especially in remote areas, estates or new townships in certain condition. Government is responsible to assist these people in this case. Meritocracy focuses on open competition based on fulfillments and results and whoso ever is able to fulfill them should be chosen. Potential of Malaysians will be maximized in all aspects by implementing this meritocracy principle and choosing the culture of prestige and excellence. Contracts are awarded through open tenders and the chosen contractors ought to execute all the requirements in government projects. Those who are elected have to verify their potential besides the best quotation or offer that includes promised results, service, product and price. This Principle of Meritocracy prepares Malaysians when confront to liberalization and globalization.

Education is necessary for the success of the country. Potency and patience are based on the society that is knowledgeable. Education and knowledge are important and needed for a community and should be placed over and above of anything else. In order to include vernacular schools, national schools have been introduced. All type of school like Tamil, Chinese or National should cooperate with each other and conduct activities together at all times. These activities should be based on the common values that are instilled for shaping 1Malaysia. The culture of knowledge prepares Malaysian to track knowledge all the time.

Integrity that indicates to gain the reliance and assurance from people is important to a government. The value must be cultured in all level of managements despite of positions. All Malaysians should sincere and trustworthy in their actions besides their daily communication, speak the truth and work hard to correct all mistakes. Taking corrective measures on the mistakes we made to attain the better result. Being punctual and keeping promises are the noble value that is promoted by all religions. Breaking the promise that made can get rid of the loyalty and trust. We must accept criticism besides comments positively and the lessons we learnt are the guidelines for us to avoid happen the same errors. Capability and qualification should be the main concern with no inclinations. National interests must be on top of others. High prestige culture is the chief base of integrity in all aspects (Ir.Dr Hasnul, 2010).

2.5Summary

In a nutshell, the literature review is a synthesis concept of the study and the body text of the research. It is the part of the paper where the researchers will be given the opportunity to strengthen their paper for they will be citing what other reliable authors have said about their research topic. The purpose of this literature review is to emphasize specific ideas and arguments in 1M concept. The researchers attempt to illustrate what has been studied in the field of 1M concept, and also where the weaknesses, gaps, or areas are needed for further study, for example, the level of awareness on 1M concept among the multi-races in FBB. Furthermore, the information and materials in the literature review are relevant to the subject matter. Hence, this information has been used by the researchers to develop the questionnaire and support the research questions of the study. For instance, the values of 1M concept in the literature review have been utilized to design the section 4 questions of the questionnaire.

CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.0Introduction

This section discusses the methodology of the research. The main purpose of the research is to investigate the awareness of 1Malaysia (1M) concept in Faculty Bioscience and Bioengineering (FBB). To assess and evaluate the awareness of 1M concept in FBB, 40 students of FBB in University Technology Malaysia in Skudai area with 300 population were chosen. Data for the research were collected and analyzed through questionnaire method.

3.1Respondent of the Study

The respondent of the study were first, second year and third year undergraduates and postgraduates from FBB at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. In April 2012, a total of 40 questionnaires were distributed to students from FBB.

3.2Research Instrument used

Both quantitative and qualitative research methodology were utilized in this research. The instruments of this research used to gathers the data were questionnaire and observation. We developed our own set of questionnaires which is based on a questionnaire format used by a previous study (Mohd shah rizal bin kamaruddin). Various question-types such as category, yes-no and scales were used in the questionnaire. A set of a detail and thorough questionnaire involving 44 questions divided into 5 sections was developed. The different sections of the questionnaire were : (i) respondents profile, (ii) level of respondents perception on 1malaysia concept, (iii) students current activity that reflect on 1malaysia concept in university, (iv) the significant of 1Malaysia Concept, (v) suggestion to promote 1M concept. A copy of the finalized questionnaires is shown in Appendix A.

Apart from that, observation was another essential method of data collection for the research to design the questionnaires questions. In this study, observation was used for the current scenario on the social interaction and integration among student of all races in FBB and the students current activity or way of life in campus after the implementation of 1Malaysia concept.

3.3Research Procedure

Before the actual data collected period, a pilot study was conducted to access the validity of the research instrument and also the ease in answering the questions. Three students from FBB as the representative from all races were involved in the pilot study. During the actual study, the questionnaires were distributed at the library and in the classes. Respondents were approached with an initial question whether they aware of the 1Malaysia program before the questionnaire was given to them. Observation method was also utilized in the classroom to see whether the student prefer to work with different races or work with their friends with same races during group work.

3.4Data Analysis

To analyze the data, a total of three variables as shown in Appendix B were taken into consideration namely the attitude and awareness of students of FBB towards 1M concept, students current activity or the way of life and the significant of 1M concept to the students of FBB. This analysis is using Microsoft excel. Next, these data from these variables will be put in Microsoft Office Excel. Results will be presented through frequency counts and other descriptive statistics, like percentages, means score, graphs and charts. The data will be used to validate the qualitative data from the questionnaire. Besides, the observation data will be analyzed and tabulated based on the theme that emerged in questionnaire to help support all the data. At the same time, the questionnaires will be distributed to the chosen respondent of different races.

CHAPTER 4

FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.0Introduction

The aim of this survey is to analyse the results of the research on the level of awareness and the significant of the 1Malaysia (1M) concept and also the students current activities in campus life after the implementation of 1M concept. The finding will be divided into three important topics according to research question found in the survey received from 40 respondents of FBB in University Technology Malaysia.

The respondents which were chosen by the researchers comprised of different gender, races, age, course and program. In general, 23 female had been randomly picked for the survey while the other 17 were male. The three races in FBB had actively responded to the survey which comprised of 47.5 percent of Malays, 42.5 percent of Chinese and only 10 percent of Indians. There are only 4 Indians in this survey because the Indians community in FBB is extremely small compared to other races. Moreover, the researchers also distributed the questionnaires and get feedback from 20 percent of postgraduate students whereas the rest were 80 percent of undergraduate students.

4.1 Research Question 1: What are the attitude and awareness of students of FBB towards 1Malaysia concept?

This section is divided into two parts which are the attitude section and the awareness section of students on the 1Malaysia concept.

4.1.1The attitude of students on the 1Malaysia concept

In order to clarify the on the attitude of students on the 1M concept, a survey was conducted by the researchers based on of the attitude of students toward 1M programs. Table 4.1 below shows all the 1Malaysia programs that have been introduced by the government.

Table 4.1: Percentage of the awareness of students toward 1Malaysia programsNo.Range of programsYES (%)NO (%)

AGovernment

11Malaysia clinics 82.517.5

21Malaysia insurance 30.070.0

31Malaysia grocery stores 75.025.0

41Malaysia community program72.527.5

51Malaysia book voucher 97.52.50

BNon-government organization

61Malaysia Foundation17.582.5

71Malaysia Youth Fund20.080.0

CMedia

81Malaysia theme song82.517.5

9Free satellite TV 1Malaysia17.582.5

As can be seen, it was obvious that the 1Malaysia book voucher was very well-verse among the students of FBB in UTM which dominated 97.5 percent of the students. Besides that, programs such as 1Malaysia clinics and 1Malaysia theme song also had created 82.5 percent of awareness each which was quite significant among the students toward the 1M concept. Similarly, the 1Malaysia grocery stores (75 percent), and the 1Malaysia community program (72.5 percent) were both highly familiar among the students. On the other hand, a total of 82.5 percent of students had never heard of both free satellite TV 1Malaysia and 1Malaysia foundation in their life. In brief, the findings shown in Table 4.1 had conveyed that most of the 1Malaysia programs are well known among the students even though some of the 1Malaysia programs have still not fulfilled their main purpose as many students were not aware of these programs before.

There are several possible explanations for this finding. One of the possible reasons for 1Malaysia book voucher is the most recognize and well known among the respondents of this research is that this survey is carried out in a university. As the 1Malaysia book voucher was just currently introduced by Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak in this year and since all the students have received the vouchers, thus, it is very popular among the undergraduate students in FBB. In addition, the government also have contributed a lot and put great effort in inculcating the 1Malaysia programs through different medium like newspaper, advertisements, radio, web sites and so on. These have raised the awareness of the students in university and changed their attitudes toward 1M concept. Nevertheless, some 1Malaysia programs such as free satellite TV 1Malaysia and 1Malaysia foundation are not well-verse among the students in FBB may due to these program are newly launce and thus the students still not recognize these programs. Furthermore, another possible explanation for this is that these programs are not actively or vigorously promoted by the government or the non-government organization. Other than that, family and friends also played a pivotal role in supporting the 1Malaysia programs introduced by the government. The perception of the respondents family may influence their attitude on the 1M concept. Hence, we can see the there is a great difference between the free satellite TV 1Malaysia and 1Malaysia foundation compare to 1Malaysia book voucher. In response to research question 1, this finding has displayed a positive result as most of the 1Malaysia programs are well-verse among the students of FBB and thus answer the attitude section of research question 1.

4.1.2The awareness of the students on the 1Malaysia concept

Table 4.2: Level of Awareness of 1Malaysia Concept(Post/undergraduate) low awareness (%)high awareness (%)total(%)

Undergraduate305080

Postgraduate51520

total amount of percentage100

Figure 4.1: Graph of Level of Awareness of 1Malaysia Concept

Table 4.2 and Figure 4.1 illustrate the proportion of undergraduate and postgraduate in their level of awareness toward 1M concept. By using percentages, the researchers had analyzed that most of the undergraduate student of FBB had higher level of awareness toward 1M concept which was 80 percent compared to 20 percent of postgraduate student. There were some similarities in the awareness of 1M concept by both undergraduate and postgraduate student of FBB. For high awareness, a total of 50 percent of the undergraduate student have high awareness towards 1M concept compare to the postgraduate student which only contributed to 15 percent. As for low awareness, only 30 percent of undergraduate student less aware of 1M concept while the percentage for postgraduate student was just only 5 percent.

Based on the findings, we can deduce that most of the undergraduate and postgraduate student of FBB are well-verse about 1M concept because Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak, our Prime Minister had just launched the Baucer Buku 1Malaysia (BB1M) on January 2012. Furthermore, all of the students were given the RM200 book voucher by the government to spend on their books and stationeries as to reduce the students burden in expenses of education materials. In addition, there are also many patriotic activities that were conducted by the government and the local universities to introduce the 1M concept such as 1Malaysia cultural night, Pesta Buku 1Malaysia and so on. This has created racial integration among the students. However, a small portion of the postgraduate students were less aware about the 1M concept because they are always busy with their research and have no time to get involved in most activities that were conducted by the government or universities.

Therefore, through these findings, the researchers have managed to answer research question 1 which is perception on the attitude and awareness of the students of FBB towards the 1M concept are positive and well accepted.

4.2Research Question 2: What are the students current activities or ways of life in campus after the implementation of 1Malaysia concept?

Table 4.3: Mean score of students' involvement in different ethnic activitiesRaces/ EventsHari Raya CelebrationPesta FestivalMega 1Malaysia Ponggal

malay3.792.842.32

chinese2.064.241.71

indian3.503.255.00

Figure 4.2: Graph of mean score of students' involvement in different races activities

This section was analysed based on the following likert scale analysis,a) 1.00-2.33: lowb) 2.34-3.66: moderatec) 3.67-5.00: high

From Table 4.3 and Figure 4.2 above, majority of the students attended events based on their cultural and ethnic activities. We noticed that during Hari Raya Celebration, Malays students had the highest involvement with the mean score of 3.79, while Chinese support was low at 2.06 and Indian had supported moderately at 3.50. On the other hand, for Chinese Tanglung Festival, the Chinese themselves supported highly at 4.24, whereas the Malay and Indian supported it moderately at 2.84 and 3.25 respectively. The highest gap difference of support can be seen in the involvement of different races during Indians celebration, which was Mega 1Malaysia Ponggal. As expected, Indian support was high with the mean score of 5.00, nevertheless, Malay and Chineses support was very low at 2.32 and 1.71 respectively.

Overall, it displays that students of Malay and Chinese ethnic group only support their own cultural events, meanwhile, Indian seem to give their support to all cultural events. Based on the statistics of student, Indian is the minority ethnic in FBB, thus, maybe by attending the entire event that were conducted by faculty or university, this will helps to show their presence. In order to study the reasons of this finding, the researcher had conducted interviews with students in FBB by picking people at randomly after class. This had revealed that most of the Chinese students were not interested to join other activities because of the spicy food usually served in the celebration that conducted which was not suitable for their taste. Other than that, the Chinese respondents that had been interviewed admitted that they were too lazy to get involved in outdoor activity where they would be exposed to the hot weather and that they preferred indoor activities. For the Malays, the difference in languages used and the feeling of doubt about non-halal food which are served in the celebration make them unlikely to attend other races programs.This finding displays negative result in terms of racial and social integration as there is still a gap between different races to attend other ethnic activities. Hence, this showed that the finding did not fully support the research question 2.

4.3Research Question 3: What are the significant of 1Malaysia concept to the students of FBB?

Table 4.4: Mean Score on the Significant of 1Malaysia Concept on Social and Campus LifeA.SOCIAL INTEGRALMEAN

1.1 Malaysia concepts teach us about the unity of nation.4.13

2.1 Malaysia concepts make me feel more comfortable to work among different races.3.60

3.Lack of reading is the main factor that leads to 1 Malaysia concept non-effective.3.48

4.Usage of mother tongue language obstruct the application of 1 Malaysia concept.3.40

5.I always use bahasa Malaysia when I speak with another races.3.23

6.My best friends consist from different races.3.23

7.The 1Malaysia Concept is necessary to promote racial integrity3.80

8.This concept is necessary for Malaysia to progress.3.80

9.Could 1Malaysia contribute the success of vision 2020?3.90

10Do you think the 1Malaysia Concept will last through generations to come?3.28

11The public response to this concept is encouraging?3.30

12Even without the 1Malaysia Concept, I already have many friends of the other races.3.50

Average Mean Score for Social Integral3.55

B.ACADEMIC/CAMPUS LIFE

1.My lecturers always encourage me to work in groups of other races.4.33

2.I make an initiative to work in a group with other races.3.60

3.I enjoy having class discussion with students of other races3.43

4.The university has carried out many activities to promote the 1Malaysia Concept among the student.3.95

5.The college we live in make sure we integrate with student of multi races.3.43

6.Students speak in bahasa Malaysia with student of other races.3.73

7.Lecturers speak in bahasa Malaysia with students of other races.3.65

8.The staffs at the faculty always speak in bahasa Malaysia with students of other races.3.90

Average Mean Score for Academic/Campus Life3.75

Overall Mean Score for Both Social Integral and Academic Life3.63

From the Table 4.4, we can see that the high mean score range from 3.80 to 4.30 for social integral were the 1M Concept is necessary to promote racial integrity, this concept is necessary for Malaysia to progress, could 1Malaysia contribute the success of vision 2020 ? and 1M concepts teach us about the unity of nation whereas the moderate mean score of 3.20 to 3.60 were for the other social integral attributes. As for the average mean score for social integral was 3.55, this indicated that the students had shown moderate role toward 1M concept in social integral.

Correspondingly, the high mean score range from 3.73 and 4.33 for academic life were students speak in bahasa Malaysia with student of other races, the staffs at the faculty always speak in bahasa Malaysia with students of other races, the university has carried out many activities to promote the 1M concept among the student and my lecturers always encourage me to work in groups of other races while the moderate mean score of 3.43 to 3.65 were for the other attributes in academic life. As for the average mean score for academic or campus life was 3.75, this displayed the fact that the students had shown significant role toward 1M concept in academic life.

Overall, the mean score for both social integral and academic life was 3.63. Even though this falls under the category of moderate significance, however, it is still highly moderate and almost high. Thus, the 1M concept has played a highly moderate role in both the student social integration and their academic life.

As can be seen in Table 4.4 on the significance of 1M concept, we found that a majority of the student are highly and moderately aware of the importance of social interaction within 1M concept, which means that the concept teaches them about the unity of the nation. The high mean score of 1M concept in social integral was resulted from the 1Malaysia events and program organized by the government and non-government organization that strongly promote national unity and racial integrity in our country. Similarly, relating the students to their academic life, majority of the students know and realize the importance of 1M concept in their daily academic life because the university and lectures play a pivotal role for the significance of 1M concept. For instance, students of various races get involved in the activities that had been organized by the university will encourage greater interaction between them and unity. Furthermore, most of the time, students nowadays will spent a lot of time in their universities or school, rather than at home. Hence, lecturers play a crucial role in encouraging racial understanding among students as encouragements from the lecturers to work in groups of other races can strengthen the bond between lecture and student itself. Moreover, through a common syllabus and curriculum with a unified education system, the government could use education as a tool to build the nation and strengthen the unity. In addition using the single national language which is Bahasa Melayu as the main medium of interaction in the university, 1Malaysia purpose can be achieved successfully. In a nutshell, the core elements of unity of 1Malaysia are the attitude of acceptance among races and people and have the sense of belonging together.

In response to research question 3, this finding has illustrated positive result as the mean score are high for the significance of 1M concept in both the student social integration and their academic life and hence, answered research question 3.

4.4Mean Score for Social Integral according to Different Races

The analysis in this section is a continuation of section 4.3, however it would analyzed the findings according to the three races who responded to the questionnaires. The three racial groups are shown in Table 4.5 and Figure 4.3.

Table 4.5: Total mean score for social integral according to different racesRacesTotal mean score for social integral

Malay3.63

Chinese3.35

Indian3.73

Figure 4.3: Graph of total mean score for social integral according to different racesTable 4.5 and Figure 4.3 indicates that Indians had recorded the highest total mean score for social integral with 3.73 while the Chinese are among the lowest with total mean score of 3.35. On the other hand, Malay showed the total mean score of 3.63 for the social integral.

The Indian are more likely to be involved in social activity as compared to the Malay and Chinese. They feel more comfortable when working with different races as they are more open-minded. They often use bahasa Malaysia when speaking with other races as many of them dont even know how to speak using their mother tongue language. On the other hand, Indian parents often send their children for study in National school as compared to Chinese who goes to vernacular school. Therefore, from there, they interact with many difference races of friends and it is no surprise that many of their best friends consist of different races. Chinese, on the other hand, are more restricted to work with other races because they are more familiar to work together among their own races.

4.5Mean Score for Academic / Campus Life according to Different Races

Table 4.6: Total mean score for academic life according to different racesRacesTotal mean score for Academic / Campus life

Malay3.78

Chinese3.62

Indian4.16

Figure 4.4: Graph of total mean score for academic life according to different races

Based on the Table 4.6 and Figure 4.4, the Indians recorded the highest total mean score for academic/ campus life with 4.16 while Chinese the lowest with 3.62 recorded. Meanwhile, the total mean for academic/ campus life for Malay is 3.78.

The Indians are more likely to work in groups of other races as they already familiar to work with other races since they were in primary school. Most of them make an initiative to work in group with other races and having class discussion with them. This is because they are only few of them in the faculty and therefore, they have to mix around with different races to complete a task. Chinese, on the other hand still prefer to work together among their race as they feel more comfortable because they think that convince their ideas in their own mother tongue are more clear and time saving as they no need to translate into other languages.

4.6Summary

In a nutshell, the researchers had successfully identified the level of awareness on 1M concept among the multi-races in FBB and answered all the three research questions through the data analysis of this research. Based on the findings, the FBB students have showed positive attitude and high awareness towards 1Malaysia concept. On the contrary, there is still a gap between different races to attend other ethnic activities in UTM especially the Malay and Chinese students. Thus, several recommendations are made and will be discussed in chapter 5 to rectify this issue. Besides that, the findings have showed that 1Malaysia concept has played a highly moderate role in both the student social integration and their academic life. The Indians students have recorded the highest total mean score for social integral and campus life as they are more likely to be involved in social and campus activities as compared to the Malay and Chinese through this research. In general, the purpose of this research is accomplished and the level of awareness among FBB students can be considered as highly moderate.

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

5.0Conclusion

This research had investigated the level of awareness on 1Malaysia (1M) concept among the multi-races in Faculty of Bioscience and Bioengineering (FBB). Primary data were collected by randomly distributing questionnaires to 40 students in FBB. In the earlier chapter, it was mention that the purpose of this research are to examine the students current activity or way of life in campus after the implementation of 1Malaysia concept and to explore the significance of 1M concept to the students of FBB.

Based on comparison made in the findings part, firstly, most of the 1M programs are well known among the students even though some of the 1M programs have still not fulfilled their main purpose as many students were not aware of these programs before. Next, it also showed that the level of awareness in 1M concepts of undergraduate is higher than postgraduate students. Within ethnic activities, it seems that the students still give their support only to their own cultural programs. In this matter, Indian student seem more open-minded towards this concept which was proved by the analysis that showed that they had given their huge support by attending most of the activities and celebrations that conducted in University Technology Malaysia. Furthermore, on the significance of 1M concept, we found that majority of the students were highly and moderately aware of the importance of 1M concept in social integral, which means that the concept had taught them about the unity of nation. Similarly, relating the students to their academic life, majority of the students acknowledge and realized the importance of 1M concept in their daily life.

Lastly, by comparing the mean score of academic and campus life, Indian students once again recorded the highest mean score compared to Malays and Chinese.

The results of this research indicated that the level of awareness on 1M concept in FBB is at the moderate level. However, this research only true for Faculty of Biosciences and Bioengineering at University Technology Malaysia students and cannot be generalized to other faculty or university. For future, the same study can be conducted at other faculty and university to analyse the level of awareness on 1M concept among multi-races student in Malaysia.

5.1Recommendation

The following are several recommendations based on the findings and conclusion of the study:

Based on the finding of research question1, a total of 82.5 percent of students had never heard of both free satellite TV 1Malaysia and 1Malaysia foundation in their life. Thus, the government, non-government organization and also the media all are recommended to cooperate and work together in order to promote 1Malaysia programs through different medium like newspaper, advertisements, radio, web sites and so on. Family and friends are also encouraged to support the 1Malaysia programs as they play a vital role in the decision making of the respondents.

As the study found that it was very significant that there was negative result in terms of racial and social integration as there is still a gap between different races to attend other ethnic activities. Hence, several recommendations are made with rectify this issue:

i.In order to get the students from other races to enjoy joining same programs together, the university and faculty are recommended to conduct activities at faculty level like family day which can help the student to get to know each other. Besides, by paring up mentor and mentee from different races may enhance the relationship between races by throwing the gap that caused by different ethnic. Lectures and staffs also need to be fair by giving the same serving services to all their students.

ii.For social integral, Malays and Chinese are recommended to play their respective role in order to make 1Malaysia concept into reality. Malays should be more open-minded, always be ready and willing to participate in activities that involve multi-races. They should train themselves to speak in English by mixing around with other races to improve their communication skills by using English. At the same time, the use of mother tongue language should be avoided so that they can easily mix around with other races. Through this, they can meet their best friends of other races.

iii.On the other hand, the Chinese should be more tolerant with other races by mixing and working around with them as a family. They should accept the different in culture of other races and willing to share their feeling, knowledge and experiences together with them. Besides that, they should not be selfish as this may act as a barrier for the success of 1M concept.

iii.In addition, all Malays and Chinese should keep in mind that 1M concept could contribute to the success of Vision 2020. Thus, they should work together with different races to make this vision a reality by the year 2020. Their response to this concept is really encouraged.

iv.Furthermore, for academic/ campus life, lecturers are to encourage their student to work in group of different races. Student should also enjoy themselves when having class discussion with student of other races. University, on the same time, should carry out many cultural activities to involve student of multi-races as to promote the 1M concept among them. The college where the student live should integrate student of different races in a room to practice them familiarize living together with friends from different culture.

v.Himpunan Sejuta Belia or National Youth Day is also one of the activities to promote 1M concept among the students of FBB. The celebration National Youth Day is to honour the youth of the country as they have contributed greatly to the country and government. This event recently celebrated on 23-27 May had gathered about a million youth with the slogan One Million Youth Assembly at Putrajaya Malaysia and had instilled the concept of1 Belia1Malaysia among the youth.

Since this study had only emphasized on FBB students, it is recommended that further studies be carried out on students from other universities to see whether there are any similarities in the findings. Moreover, it is recommended that further research be undertaken in the following areas:

i. Implement law and enforcement towards any act of racial discrimination and the breakup of racial integrity such as Bersih;ii. Organize campaigns to make the 1Malaysia concept more successful such as the promotion of racial integrity, the set up of one type of school for all races, the implementation of one language used in the country;iii. Organize competitions in schools and universities to promote 1Malaysia concept.

Hence, more efforts and approaches should be suggested in further research. In conclusion, further research in this area would be beneficial to determine the most effective effort in order to fulfill the purpose of 1Malaysia concept.

REFERENCES

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