BI LUYN TP S 1/2001Cu 1:a/ Hay m t cu trc hnh hc ca N(CH3)3 v N(SiH3)3.Qua hy so snh 2 hp cht (CH3)3NBF3 v (SiH3)3NBF3 v bn v tnh baz. Gii thch.b/ ng (Cu) kt tinh c dng tinh th lp phng tm din. Tnh cnh lp phng a() ca mng tinh th v khong cch ngn nht gia

hai tm ca ca hai nguyn t ng trong mng, bit rng nguyn t ng c bn knh bng 1,28 .

Tnh khi lng ring d ca Cu theo g/cm3. (Cho Cu= 64).Cu 2:

250 C, phn ng NO + 12

O2 NO2 C G0 = -34,82 KJ `

v H0 = - 56,43 KJa/ Hy xc nh hng s cn bng ca phn ng 298K v 598K.b/ Kt qu tm thy c ph hp vi nguyn l chuyn dch cn bng Le charterlier khng?Cu 3:

a/ Trn 1,1.10-2 mol HCl vi1.10-3 mol NH3 v 1.10-2 mol CH3NH2 ri pha long

thnh 1 lt dung dch. Hi dung dch thu c c c phn ng vi axt hay baz?

Cho pKb ca NH3 = 4,76 v pKb ca CH3NH2= 3,40

b/ Kh nng kh ca Fe2+ trong H2O hay trong dung dch kim mnh hn? v sao?

Cho th in cc chun E0 Fe2+/Fe = -0,44 V ; E0 Fe2+/Fe = -0,04 V

Tnh s tan Ks ca Fe(OH)2 = 1,65.10-15v ca Fe(OH)3= 3,8.10-38

Cu 4:

Cho t t kh CO qua ng cha 6,400gam CuO un nng. Kh ra khi ng c

hp th hon ton bng 150ml dung dch nc vi trong nng 0,100M thy tch

ra 1,000gam kt ta trng, un si phn nc lc li thy c vn c. Cht rn cn

li trong ng c cho vo 500,000ml dung dch HNO3 0,320M thot ra V1 lt kh

NO2 nu thm 760,000ml dung dch HCl 1,333M vo dung dch sau phn ng th

li thot ra thm V2 lt kh NO na. Nu tip tc thm 24 gam Mg th thy thot ra

V3 lt kh hn hp kh N2 v H2, lc dung dch cui cng thu c cht rn X.

a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng v tnh V1,V2,V3(ktc).

b/ Tnh thnh phn X( gi thit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton).

NH

CH3

H3C CH3Br CH3ONa/C2H5OH ?

COOH OH

COOH OCOCH3

BI LUYN TP S 2/2001Cu 1:a/ Cho bit sn phm ca phn ng sau y v gii thch

b/Vit cu to cc ng phn ca DiClo Butan. trong s trn nhng cht no c tnh quang hot, gi tn theo R,S cc cht ?c/ Metyl ete ca p-Cresol ( p-CH3-O- C6H4-CH3) b ln vi tp cht l Iod benzen. Hy nu phng php thun tin nht loi b tp cht trn. Bit t0 ca 2 cht gn bng nhau.Cu 2:a/ Cho 2 cht: N C CH2-NH2 v CH2- CH2-NH2

Hy so snh tnh baz ca cc nguyn t Nit trong phn t gia 2 hp cht trn v gii thch.b/ Cho 4 cht: axt Benzoic ; axt Salixylic ; axit v Phenol.

vi cc tr s pKa l 10; 3,0; 4,2; 3,5 Hy xp cc cht trn theo th t gim dnv pKa v gii thch.Cu 3: Vit cc phng trnh phn ng iu ch:a/ T Capron t Benzen v cht c c.b/ 1 Brom-4Iod-Benzen t benzen v cht v c.c/ axitMetylMalonic CH3-CH(COOH)2 t metan v Cht v c.Cu 4: T mt loi tinh du tch c cht A cha 76,92% lng Ccbon; 12,82% lng Hidro v cn oxy. A cn iu ch bng cch Hir ho c xc tc cht 2-IsoPropyl-5-Metyl-Phenol(B).

a/ Vit cu to A v ng phn hnh hcca A.b/ un nng A vi H2SO4 c ta thu c 2 cht D,E loi hidrocacbon. Vit cu

to D,E v c ch phn ng to D,E .c/ So snh tnh axit ca A,B v gii thch.

Cu 5: Hp cht hu c X c Mx < 170. t hon ton 243 mg X nhn c 202,6ml CO2 (ktc) v 135mg nc. X tc dng vi NaHCO3 v Na u to ra s mol kh bng s mol X phn ng.

a) Cng thc phn t X l g? Nhng nhm chc no ca X d cc phn ng trn? S lng mi nhm chc bng bao nhiu?

b) Tm cu to X v 2 cht Y, Z t s sau: X Y + H2O X + 2 NaOH 2Z + H2O Y + 2 NaOH 2Z

Bit phn t Z c cha mt nhm metyl.

BI LUYN TP S 3/2001Cu 1: Cho phn ng bc mt: C2H6 C2H4 + H2

4270C nng C2H6 gim i mt na sau 500s, 4770C nng C2H6 gim i 2 ln sau 1000s. Hy tnh:a/ Hng s tc ca phn ng 4270C.b/ Thi gian cn nng C2H6 gim xung cn 1/4 4270C. c/ Nng lng hot ng ho ca phn ng.Cu 2: PCl5 b phn hu theo phn ng PCl5(k) PCl3(k) + Cl2(k)a/ Tnh Kp ca phn ng nu bit phn ly = 0,485 2000C v p sut tng cng cn bng ho hc = 1atm.b/ Tnh p sut ca h cn bng ho hc nu cho 2,085gam PCl5vo bnh chn khng dung tch 200ml 2000C.Cu 3: a/ Xc nh ng E0 v Hng s cn bng ca phn ng: Hg22+ Hg + Hg2+

Cho E0 Hg2+/ Hg22+ = + 0,92V v E0 Hg2+/ Hg = + 0,85Vb/ Ion Ce4+ d b kh thnh ion Ce2+ nh tc dng ca AsO33-. Cho As2O3 tc dng vi NaOH ri axit ho th c asenit (AsO33-), ion ny b Ce4+ oxy ho thnh asenat (AsO43-), xc tc l mt lng nh OsO4 . Vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra v tnh th ca phn ng chun asenit bng Ce4+ im tng ng khi pH=1.

Cho E0 (AsO43-/ AsO33-) = 0,56V v E0(Ce4+/Ce3+) = 1,70VCu 4: a/Axit photphorit l axit ba chc, chun mt dung dch H3PO4 0,1000M vi NaOH 0,1000M . Hy c lng pH cc im sau:- Gia cc imn bt u v cc im tng ng th nht?- Ti im tng ng th hai?- V sao rt kh xc nh ng cong chun sau im tng ng th hai?

Cho Ka1 =1,7.10-3 Ka2 =6,2.10-8 Ka3 =4,4.10-13b/Canxi Hydroxit l mt baz t tan. Trong dung dch nc tn ti cn bng Ca(OH)2 (r) Ca2+(t) + 2OH (t). Bit nng lng t do sinh chun ca Ca2+ ,OH-, Ca(OH)2 ln lt bng -132,18; -37,59; -214,3 (KCal/mol).

Hy:- Tnh tch s tan caCa(OH)2 250C. - Nng ion Ca2+; OH- trong dung dch nc 250C?

Cu 5: Tng hp mt cht ca Crom. s phn tch cho thy thnh phn c 27,1% Crom; 25,2% Cacbon; 4,255 Hydro v khi lng v cn oxy.a/ Tm cng thc thc nghim ca hp cht. Nu cng thc thc nghim gm mt phn t nc th dng phc ca hp cht c phi t l g?b/ Kho st t tnh cho thy hp cht ny l nghch t . gii thch v ngh cu to ph hp ca hp cht.Cu 6: Hn hp A gm Mg v Fe c t l khi lng 5/3. hn hp B gm FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4 trong s mol FeO bng Fe2O3. Ho tan B bng dung dch HCl d, sau thm tip Av ch cho phn ng xong ta thu c dung dch C khng mu v V lt H2 (ktc). Cho dung dch C tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d ri lc ly kt ta nung trong khng

kh n lng khng i thu c cht rn D. Bit rng V lt H2 ni trn phn ng vi D nung nng.a/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.b/ Trn A vi B thu c hn hp X. Tnh % lng Mg, % lng Fe trong X.

BI LUYN TP S 4/ 2001Cu 1: a/ C cc hp cht sau:C2H5OH, n- C10H21OH, C6H5OH,C6H5CH2OH, C6H5NH2,HO-CH2-CHOH, CH3COOH, n-C6H14, C5H6 v C6H12O6 (glucoz). hy ch ra nhng cht tan tt, tan km v gii thch.b/ T mt loi thc vt tch c cht(A) C10H12O2. Bin i A theo s sau: +ddNaOH +CH3I +H2(Ni,t0)(A) C10H11O2Na(B) C10H11O(OCH3) (D) C10H13O(OCH3) (E)Khi y ho (E) bng KMnO4trong H2SO4 thu c axit 3,4-di O-metyl-Benzen-Cacboxylic v axiy fomic. vit cng thc cu to ca (A),(B),(D),(E).Cu 2: a/ Vit cu to thu gn ca 1- Clobutan(A) v2- Clobutan(B). So snh nhit si gia hai cht ny v gii thch.b/ Cho hai cht A,B trn tc dng vi Clo (chiu sng) theo t l mol 1:1. Trnh by c ch phn ng v cho bit sn phm no chim t l cao nht? Gii thch.c/ Vit cu trc ng phn ca:C3H5Cl v ClCH=(C=)nCHC vi n=1, n=2.Cu 3:a/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to sn phm chnh khi. 1 mol A tc dng vi 1mol HNO3 (H2SO4 c). 1 mol A tc dng vi 1mol Br2 (chiu sng). 1 mol A tc dng vi KMnO4 c, d, un nng.Hy vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch : Axit -vinylacrylic t CH4 v cc cht v c cn thit. 1,3,5 tri-Amino-benzen t Toluen v cc cht v c cn thit.Cu 4: C phng trnh phn ng sau

a/ Vit c ch phn ng.b/ Thay A bng C6H5-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH2-C(CH3)2OH (A1), hoc bng.

C6H5- CH2-CH2-C(CH3)2OH (A2) v tin hnh phn ng trong iu kin tng t nh trn thu c sn phm hu c tng ng (B1) v (B2) vi hiu xut to B1 bng 68%, to B2 bng 65%. Vit cng thc cu to ca B1,B2 v gii thch ti sao hiu sut to B1,B2 cao hn so vi B.Cu 5:Hai cht hu c X,Y c cng cng thc phn t v u cha 3 nguyn t C,H,Br. Khi un nng vi dung dch NaOh long, X to ra cht Z c cha mt nhm chc cn cht Ykhng tc dng vi NaOH nh iu kin trn. 5,4gam cht Z phn ng hon ton vi Na cho 0,616 lt H2( 23,70C v mt atm). t chy hon ton 1,35 gam cht Z thu c 3,85 gam CO2. Khi cho X hoc Y phn ng vi Br2 (c bt st) u thy kh HBr thot ra; sn phm phn ng ca X l 3 cht D,E,F cn sn phm phn ng ca Y l 2 cht G,H.a/ Vit cu to c th ca X,Y,Z,D,E,G,H, bit rng D,E,F,G,H u cha 64%Br.b/ Cho hn hp gm 171 gam cht X v 78gam Benzen phn ng vi Br2 (c mt bt Fe ). Sau phn ng thu c 125,6gam Brombenzen ; 90 gam cht D; 40 gam cht E;

H2SO4 85%10oC

+ H2O

OH

v 30 gam cht F. Hy cho bit cht X phn ng vi Br2 kh (hoc d0 hn Benzen bao nhiu ln?

BI LUYN TP S 5/ 2001Cu 1: a/ Cho Eo Fe2+/Fe = -0,440 V v E0 Ag+/Ag = 0,8,, V ( 25OC). Hy dng thm in cc Hidro tiu chun, vit s ca pin c dng xc nh cc th in cc cho. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi pin hot ng.b/ Hy xp cc nguyn t Na - K - Li theo th t gim tr s nng lng ion ho th nht (I1). Gii thch bng cu to nguyn t.Nng lng ion ho th nht (I1) ca Mg = 7,644 eV; ca Al = 5,984 eV. Da vo cu hnh electron, hy thch s ln hn ca I1 ca Mg so vi Al.2.a/ Uran trong thin nhin cha 99,28% 238U ( c thi gian bn hu l 4,5.109 nm) v 0,72% 235U (c thi gian bn hu l 7,1. 108 nm). Hy tnh tc phn r mi ng v trn trong 10 gam U3O8 mi iu ch.b/ Mary v PieCurie iu ch 226Ra t qung Uran trong thin nhin .226Ra c to ra t ng v no trong hai ng v trn ?Cu 2: 1. Khi SO2 vo H2O, trong dung dch to ra c cc cn bng ho hc no ? nng ca SO2 cn bng thay i ra sao ( c gii thch) mi trng hp sau:a/ un nng dung dch. b/ Thm HCl.c/ Thm NaOH. d/ Thm KMnO4 2. C cc ion sau: Ba2+ ; Ag+ ; H+ (H3O+); Cl ; NO3 ; SO42-.a/ Hy cho bit cng thc cht tan hoc t tan to thnh t cc ion .b/ Trong 5 dung dch, mi dung dch ch cha mt trong cc cht phn (a). Nu khng dng thm cht khc, bng cc no c th nhn ra cht trong mi dung dch (C gii thch).Cu 3: 1. T thc nghim 1 ngi ta xc c : khi phn ng sau y t ti cn bng.

NH4HS ( rn) NH3 (kh) + H2S (kh) (1)th tch s PNH3.PH2S = 0,109 (tr s ny l hng s nhit 25oC).

a/ Hy xc nh p sut chung ca kh kh tc dng ln h (1) nu ban u bnh chn khng v ch a vo NH4HS (rn) .b/ Nu ban u a vo bnh (chn khng) mt lng NH4HS rn v kh NH3, khi t ti cn bng ho hc th c PNH3 = 0,549 atm. Hy tnh p sut kh NH3 trong bnh trc khi phn ng (1) xy ra ti 25oC. 2. Mt trong nhng phng php iu ch Al2O3 trong cng nghip tri qua mt s giai on chnh sau y:- Nung Nefelin ( NaKAl2Si2O3) vi CaCO3 trong l 1200oC .- Ngm nc sn phm to thnh c dung dch mui Aluminat Na[Al(OH)4(H2O)2] ;

K[Al(OH)4(H2O)2] v bn qung CaSiO3- Chit ly dung dch, sc CO2 d qua dung dch .- Kt ta Al(OH)3 c Al2O3.- Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng sy ra.Cu4: xc nh hm lng oxi tan trong nc ngi ta ly 100,00 ml nc ri cho ngay MnSO4 (d) v NaOH vo nc. Sau khi lc k (khng cho tip xc vi khng kh ) Mn(OH)2 b oxi ho thnh MnO(OH)2. Thm axit (d), khi y MnO(OH)2 b Mn2+ kh

dd. NaOH,to CH3OH, HCl khan

1)dd. NaOH,to H+,to

2)dd.HCl,Br2,H2O H

+,to

Glucoz

thnh Mn3+. Cho KI (d) vo hn hp, Mn3+ oxi ho I thnh I3. Chun I3 ht 10,50 ml Na2S2O3 9,800 x 10 - 3 M.a/ Vit phng trnh ion ca cc phn ng xy ra trong th nghim.b/ Tnh hm lng ( mol/lt) ca oxi tan trong nc.

BI LUYN TP S 6/ 2001Cu 1:1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng( dng cu to) to thnh A,B,C,D,M,N theo s sau:a/ BrCH2CH2CH2CH=O A B

b/ BrCH2 CH2CH2COOH C D

c/ HOCH2(CHOH)4CH=O M N

2. T Toluen vit s phn ng tng hp m Toluidin.Cu 2: 1. Tm hp cht hu c A,B,C,D,E,G,H,I u cha 35,56% C ; 5,19% H ; 59,15% Br trong phn t v u c t khi hi so vi Nit l 4,822. un nng A hoc B vi dung dch NaOH u thu c Anhit n Butiric, un nng C hoc D vi dung dch NaOH u thu c Etylmetyl xetn. A bn hn B , C bn hn D, E bn hn G H v I u c cc nguyn t C trong phn t .a. Vit cng thc ca A,B,C,D,E,G,H v I. b. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.c. 2.Hai xicloankan M v N u c t khi hi so vi Metan bng 5,25. Khi Monoclo

ho ( c chiu sng) th M cho 4 hp cht, N ch cho mt hp cht duy nht. a/Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca M v N .

b/Gi tn cc sn phm to thnh theo danh php IUPAC.c/ Cho bit cu dng bn nht ca hp cht to thnh t N , gii thch.

Cu 3:1. Bng giy qu (cc loi ), dung dch NaNO2 dung dch HCl, dung dch NaOH, C2H5OH v cc dng c cn thit, hy phn bit 4 axir\ts sau(c gii thch)a: CH3-CH-COOH (Alanin) b)H2N-(CH2)4-CH-COOH (Lixin) NH2 NH2c) (axit glutamic) d) COOH (Prolin)

NH2 NH2.axit xinamic C6H5CH=CH-COOH c iu ch bng tc dng ca benzanehit vi anhitdric axetic c xc tc K2CO3 un nng. Vit phng trnh phn ng . V sao khng dng KMnO4 loi benzanehitd ri axit ho thu axit xinamic? c cch no tch axit xinamic t hn hp sn phm mt cch hp l?Cu4: Thu phn hon ton 1 mol polipeptit X to ra :2 mol CH3CH(NH2)COOH (Ala) + 1 mol N - CH3-CH-COOH (His)

1 mol HOOC-(CH2)2CH(NH2)-COOH (Glu)1 mol H2N-(CH2)4CH(NH2) COOH (Lys)Nu cho X tc dng vi 2,4 (NO2)2C6H3F N - CH3-CH-COOH (Y)(K ArF) ri thu phn th thu c AlaGlu, Lys v hp cht (Y). Mt khc, nu thu

NH2

NH-Ar

phn X nh enzin cacboxipeptidaza th thu c Lys v mt tetrepeptit, cn nu thu phn khng hon ton X s cho cc dipeptit Ala-Glu, Ala-Ala v His-Ala.1/ Xc nh cu to tn gi ca polipeptit X.2/ Hy cho bit tr s pHI (im ng din) 3,22-6,00-7,59 v 9,74 ng vi mi Aminoaxit trn.3/ Vit cu to dng ch yu ca mi Aminoaxit trn cc pH = 1 v 13.4/ Vit cu to cc sn phm decacboxyl ho Ala, His (nh enzin thch hp) v so snh tnh baz ca cc nguyn t N trong 2 sn phm . Gii thch

BI LUYN TP S 7 /2001Cu 1:Vit mt phng trnh phn ng biu din mi bin ho sau:

a/ p- CH3-C6H4- CH3 B D E

b/ o-CH3- C6H4- CH3F G H F

c/ o-BrOH2- C6H4- CH2Br F L

2. C th thc hin c cc phn ng sau hay khng?V sao?C2H5Ona + CH3COOH C2H5OH + CH3COONa (1)NaNH2 + CH4 CH3Na + NH3 (2)

Cu 2: 1. Hy hon thnh phng trnh phn ng sau(nu c)A/ K2Cr2O7 + HCl ?B/ Cl + FeCl2 ?C/ FeCl3 + HCl ?D/ Cl2 + MnSo4 ?e/KMnO4 + FeCl3 ?f/KMnO4 + HCl ?

2. c im ca phn ng este ho l thun nghch ? a/Nu cc bin php phn ng nhanh t ti trng thi cn bng .Nu cc bin php chuyn dch cn bng ho hc v to thnh este.b/Thit lp biu thc tnh hng s cn bng K, gi s cho a mol axit axetic phn ng vi b mol ru etylic v sau khi phn ng t vi trng thi cn bng thu c c mol este.- Tnh gi tr ca K khi c =b =1 mol v c= 0.655 mol- Nu c=1 mol v b tng gp 5 ln th lng este tng gp bao nhiu ln?Cu 3: 1. Clofom tip xc vi khng kh ngoi nh sng s b xi ho thnh photgen rt c. nga c ngi ta bo qun Clorofom bng cch cho thm mt lng nh ancol etylic chuyn photgen thnh cht khng c.Vit phng trnh phn ng v vit tn sn phm.2. un nng vi git clorofom vi lng d dung dch NaOH, sau nh thm vi git dung dch KmnO4 thy hn hp xut hin mu xanh.Vit cc phng trnh phn ng v gii thch s xut hin ca mu xanh.3. Khi tin hnh iu ch axit lactic t anehit axtic v axit xianhiric, ngoi sn phm mong mun ta c hp cht X (C6H8O4).Vit cng thc cu to ca X v cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.Cu 4: 1.Heliotropin C8H6O3( cht nh hng trong cng thc hng liu)c iu ch t cht Safrol C10 H10O2 (c trong tinh du x x )bng cch ng phn ho Satrol thnh Isosatrol C10H10O2, sau oxiho Isosaftrol bi cht oxi ho thch hp.

+ HOCH2-CH2OH

+ddKMnO4 (d),t0

+ddKMnO4 (d),t0

+ddNaOH,t0 ~

140oC

+ ddHCl

+ ddHCl

+ CH3-CH2OHH2SO

4 cH2SO4 ,to

Vit cng thc cu to ca Heliortopin, Safron v Isosaftrol, bit rng Heliortopin phn ng c vi AgNO3 trong dung dch NH3 cho mui ca axit 3,4- metylen dioxi-Benzoic v Isosaftrol c ng phn hnh hc2. Hp cht X cha 60% C; 4,44% H v 35,56% O trong phn t, dung dch nc ca X lm hng qu tm.Thu phn X thu c axetic v axit Salixilic.a/ Xc nh cu to v gi tn ca X, bit Mx=180vC.b/ Tnh th tch va dung dch NaOH 0,5M phn ng hon ton vi 5,4gamX.

BI LUYN TP S 8/2001

Cu1: Cho s sau:

n-Butan

A,A1, B, B1,B2... D2 l cc hp cht hu c.1/Hy ghi cc cht cn thit v iu kin phn ng trn cc mi tn.2/ Vit cng thc cu to ca tt c cc hp cht hu c s trn.3/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng to glixerintrinitrat t n- butan theo s trn.Cu 2: 1. a/Cht dit c 2,4,5-T(axit 2,4,5-triClo phenoxiaxetic) c iu ch t phn ng ca mt dn xut techaclo ca benzen vi cc cht : dung dch NaOH, metalon, Natri monocloaxetat, axit clohidric.Vit s cc phn ng xy ra, gi tn cc cht trong s v neu tn c ch phn ng .b/ Trong qu trnh tng hp ni trn sinh ra mt sn phm ph c c tnh cc mnh c trong thnh phn ca cht c mu da cam l cht c ioxin.Hy trnh by s phn ng to thnh ioxin.2.a/Khi ch ho hn hp cc ng phn khng gian ca2,3- ibrom-3metylpentan vi km thu uc cc hidrocacbon khng no.Vit cng thc cu trc cc ng phn trn v cc hidrocacbon .b/ S thu c sn phm no bng phn ng tng t ca 2,4- ibrom-2-metylpentan.Cu 3: Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi sc lung d kh H2S qua dung dch c cha cc ion Ag+,Ba2+,Cr2O72-,Fe3+,Ni2+,H+. b/ Dung dch A cha: Mg2+,Ba2+, Al3+,Cr3+,Co2+,Ag,Hg22+,NO3-.Thm dung dch NaCl d vo A, lc kt ta B tch ra ra sch v cho tc dng vi dung dch NH36M.Phn nc lc D c un nng cch thu v thmNH4Cl, ri thm tip NH3 6M cho ti pH~9,0 tch ra kt ta E. Cho E tc dng vi NaOH 2M, thm mt t dung dch H2O2. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra.c/ C ba dung dch Ba(OH)2, Pb(CH3COO)2,MgSO4. Hy chn 5 thuc th m mi thuc th c dng c th phn bit c 3 dung dch trn.Gii thch.

A

A1

BCG

D1,4-ibrom-2-buten

axeton

B1

B2

C2

Mg

C1

D1

Glixeren trinnitrat

D1

D2

CH2

CH2 isoamylaxet

atete khan

2)H2O+

550-600oC

Cu 4: Ho tan 7,180 gam mt cc st cha Fe2O3 vo mt lng rt d dung dch H2SO4 long ri thm nc ct n th tch ng 500ml.Ly 25ml dung dch thm dn12,5ml dung dch KMnO4 0,096 M th xut hin mu hng tm trong dung dch.a/ Xc nh hm lng phn (%) ca Fe tinh khit trong st cc.b/ Nu ly cng mt khi lng st cc c cng hn lng ca Fe tinh khit nhng cha tp cht FeO v lm th nghim ging nh trn th lung dung dch KmnO4 0,096M cn dng l bao nhiu?

BI LUYN TP S 9 - 2002Cu 1 : 1.a) Trong phng th nghim, hy iu ch mt lng axit nitric m c s dng. Cc ho

cht v dng c cn thit c .b) C 6 cht : NaOH, NaCl, KI, K2S , Pb(NO3)2 v NH3 b mt nhn. Ch dng thm mt thuc

th c th nhn ra mi cht, vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra.2.a)Ti sao sau khi c un nng v ngui, dung dch NaHCO3 tr nn kim hn.b) Nu ly dung dch kim hn thm vo ln lt cc dung dch : BaCl2 , AlCl3, ZnCl2 th

hin tng g s xy ra ?c) Nu thm dung dch Na2S vo ln lt cc dung dch : BaCl2 , AlCl3, ZnCl2 th hin tng g

s xy ra ? Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc trng hp 2a, 2b, 2c.

Cu 2 : Cho phn ng 2HCl (k) H2(k) + Cl2 (k)a/ Tnh hng s cn bng Kp ca phn ng 2000K, bit phn li ca HCl nhit ny bng

4,1.10-3b/ 1000K phn ng c Kp = 4,9.10-11. Tnh bin thin Entanpi chun ca phn ng (coi bin

thin ny khng i trong khong to xt).c/ Phn ng 2HI (k) H2 (k) + I2 (k) c Kp = 3,8 . 10-2 1000K Hy tnh : Kp ca phn ng 2HI (k) + Cl2 (k) 2HCl (k) + I2 (k) 1000K Cu 3Cng nghip iu ch hiro bng cch cho hi nc i qua than nng 10000C thu c hn hp kh than C + H2O = CO + H2 (1) H0 = 130 KJ Trn hn hp kh than vi hi nc ri cho hn hp qua cht xc tc Fe2O3 c hot ho 500oC. CO + H2O = CO2 + H2 (2) H0 = - 42 KJ

500oCa. Hi nhit v p sut nh hng nh th no n mi cn bng ho hc (1) v (2) c thit

lp trn ? Gii thch ?b.V sao trong phn ng (2) nhit khng th tng cao hn ? Lng hi nc phi ly gp 4 - 5 ln so vi CO ?c. Nu phng php tinh ch H2 t hn hp sn phm ?Cu4 :Cho s phn ng sau : C3H7OH

A B + C H +

HBr H2O

D E + F t0

Hp cht hu c c A cha oxi c thnh phn % lng cacbon v hiro tng ng l 41,38% v 3,45%. Hp cht B cha 60% cacbon, 8% hiro v cn oxi. Hp cht E cha 35,82% ccbon ;

4,48% hiro v cn oxi. Bit 2,68 gam cht E phn ng va vi 26,7 ml dung dch NaOH 1,5M .a. Hy xc nh cu to v gi tn cc cht trong s trn nu bit thm rng khi un nng cht

A c th tch nc.b. Vit phng trnh cc phn ng xy ra.c. Cht A cn ng phn no khc khng ? Nu c hy gi tn.Cu 5 :a. Vit cng thc cc cht trung gian trong qu trnh tng hp adrenalin :

H2 HNO2 H2O ClCH2COCl CH3NH2 H2 HOo-C6H4(OH)NO2 A B C D E Pd (POCl3) 1 ng lng Pt HO CHOHCH2NHCH3b)T benzen c th iu ch c cc ng phn ca nitroclobenzen, axit benzen - icacboxylic-

1 ,4 v axit benzen - icacboxylic-1,3. Cc ho cht v dng c cn thit c .BI LUYN TP S 10 - 2002

Cu 1 : 1. Bi thc hnh s 2 sch gio khoa ho hc lp 11 : "Trong 2 ng nghim, ng 1 ng 2ml dung dch mui amoni ; ng 2 ng 2ml dung dch

NaOH. Rt t t dung dch trong ng 2 vo ng 1. un nng ng nghim 1, dng bn tay khot nh kh thot ra ngi. t giy qu tm t vo ming ng nghim. Hy gii thch s i mu ca giy qu". Hy cho bit :

+ Mc ch ca th nghim ny.+ Hai hin tng quan trng nht trong th nghim ny.+ C th rt t t dung dch t ng 1 vo ng 2 c hay khng? Ti sao ?+ To sao phi un nng ng nghim 1.

Cho bit nhit to thnh theo KJ.mol-1 ca cc cht nh sau :Cht NH3 (kh) NH4+ (dd) OH- (dd) H2O (lng)

Nhit to thnh -46,19 -132,50 -230,00 -285,852. Cho 2 kh khc nhau tc dng vi nhau trong mt bung phn ng c cc iu kin thch

hp, ngi ta thu c hn hp 3 kh.+ Cho hn hp 3 kh i qua ng thu tinh c t nng v ng 1 lng d CuO ri i qua

nc th thu c 1 kh cn li.+ Cho hn hp 3 kh trn i qua nc cha Cu(OH)2 (d) thu c 2 kh cn li. Hi hai kh ban u l nhng kh g ? Vit phng trnh ca cc phn ng vi y cc iu

kin cn thit.Cu 2 : 1. Y hc ht nhn dng cc ng v phng x 71Zn v 68Ge.+ Hy tm phng trnh ho hc biu din : 71Zn pht ra tia ; 68Ge thu electron.+ Hy cho bit s khc nhau ch yu v kt qu gia s thu electron ca 68Ge vi s kh n

cht phi kim (S chng hn). Ti sao c s khc nhau ?2. Mt mu than ly t hang ng vng ni vi tnh Ho Bnh c 9,4 phn hu 14C. hy cho

bit ngi Vit c i to ra mu than cch y bao nhiu nm ? Bit chu k bn hu ca 14C l 5730 nm, trong kh quyn c 15,3 phn hu 14C (tnh vi 1 gam C xy ra trong 1 giy).

3. Hy phn tch mi kin sau (trng hp no c, nu v d minh ha)+ trng thi cn bng ho hc, tc phn ng bng khng.+ Ti mt nhit , mt phn ng ho hc ch c 1 tr s hng s Cn bng ho hc.4. Xc nh nhit m ti 1 mol nc lng t chuyn thnh hi nc p sut kh quyn

1atm. Bit nhit ho hi 1 mol nc lng bng 40587,80 J v bin thin entropi ca s chuyn trng thi ny bng 108,68 J/K.

Cu 3 : 1. T Piridin vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch COOH

+ Axit nicotinic (hnh v)+ 2 xianPiridin N2. Hy cho bit cng thc cu trc ca cc cht t A C trong dy chuyn ho sau :

-HCl to -CO2 o-NH2-C6H4-COOH + Cl-CH2-COOH A B C C8H7ON (D) - H2O3. Hy sp xp cc cht trong mi dy sau y theo trnh t tng dn v t0 si v gii thch ?+ Metyl Amino ; Di Metyl amino ; Tri Metyl amino v Amoniac+ CH3PH2 ; (CH3)2PH ; (CH3)3P v PH3.+ CH3(CH2)3CH3 ; CH3(CH2)3OH ; CH3CH2N(CH3)2 ; (CH3)3C-CH3 ; CH3(CH2)3NH2 Cu 4 :Hp cht hu c A (C5H8O2) tn ti 2 dng ng phn lp th, c 2 dng u khng c tnh

quang hot. Hiro ho A ngi ta c hp cht B (C5H10O2). C th tch B thnh 2 i quang ca nhau .

a. Vit cu to 2 dng ca A, bit rng A tc dng vi NaHCO3 CO2.b. Vit cng thc Fise, cng thc phi cnh v cng thc Niumen ca sn phm sinh ra trong

mi trng hp khi cho A (mi dng) tc dng vi Brom.c. Nu 1 phng php tng hp B t sn phm du m.

BI LUYN TP S 11 - 2002Cu 1 : a. So snh pH ca cc dung dch cng nng mol/l cha mi cht sau : NH4HSO4 , KHSO4 ,

K2SO4 , NH4Cl , NaOH , Ca(OH)2 v Ca(CH3COO)2.b. Trn 10ml Ba(OH)2 c pH = 11 vi 5 ml NH4Cl 1,33.10-2 M. Tnh pH ca dung dch thu

c (pK NH4+ = 9,24).c. Trnh by thnh phn ho hc ca nc Clo, nc javen v clorua vi. Gii thch v sao chng

c tc dng ty mu ?d. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi : - Cho kh CO2 sc qua nc javen hoc Clorua vi. - Nc Clo tc dng vi dung dch KI v dung dch Natri thio sunfat. - Cho 1 t axit Bromhiric vo nc javen.- un nng nc javen va n ht H2O ri thm axit HCl,sau thay bng thm axit H2SO4 ?

Cho E0 HClO/ Cl- = 1,5V ; E0 BrO3-/ Br- = 1,45V ; E0 Br2/ Br- = 1,04VCu 2 : a. ho tan hon ton 2.10-3 mol AgCl trong 100ml NH3 th nng ti thiu ca NH3 phi

bng bao nhiu ? Sau khi ho tan xong ngi ta axit ho dung dch bng HNO3 th thy c kt ta AgCl xut hin tr li.

Tnh pH phi thit lp c t nht 99,9% AgCl kt ta tr li . Cho pKs(AgCl) = 9,7 ; lg Ag(NH3)2+ = 7,24 ; pKNH4+ = 9,24b. Khi in phn dung dch NaCl sn xut Clo ant c th c cc qu trnh : - Oxi ho Cl- thnh Cl2 - Oxi ho H2O thnh O2 - Oxi ho cacbon thnh CO2 Hy vit cc qu trnh (ti anot cacbon) Cn thit lp pH ca dung dch bng bao nhiu cho khi in phn khng c oxi thot ra

anot nu th anot bng 1,21V v E0O2/H2O=1,23V ( khi tnh coi nh CO2 sinh ra khng ng k v 2 2 1Cl OP P= = ).

Cu 3 : 1. Cho phn ng CH2 = CH2 + Br2 3DmCH OH (dung mi CH3OH)

a/ Nu thm vo hn hp phn ng 1 lng NaCl hay 1 lng HCl th thu c nhng sn phm no ? Gii thch ?

b/ Tc phn ng s thay i nh th no khi thm vo hn hp phn ng 1 lng NaCl hay 1 lng HCl.

2. a/ Hp cht hu c A c cng thc nguyn C8H16O cho phn ng Halofom nhng khng cho phn ng cng H2. Hy cho bit chc ho hc ca A.

b/ Bit rng A ch c mt nguyn t cacbon bt i, 2 nhm CH3 khng c ng phn hnh hc loi xiclan v c vng 5. Vit cu to A.

c/ Loi H2O ca A khi c mt H2SO4 un nng ngi ta nhn c 1,2 dimetyl xiclo hexen. Hy ngh c ch phn ng ny.

d/ Hy xc nh sn phm chnh to thnh khi loi nc ng phn ca A l 2,2 - dimetyl xiclo hexanol.

Cu 4 : a. Cho iso butanal tc dng vi axit Malonic khi c mt piridin ri de cacboxyl ho nhit phn

trong mi trng axit yu, ngi ta nhn c 2 hp cht A & B. Cht A (C6H10O2) khi oxi ho cho axit oxalic, cht B l mt Lacton. Hy vit phng trnh phn ng to thnh 2 cht A v B.

b. Hy cho bit cu to sn phm ca mi bc phn ng trong s sau y : ClCH2CH=CH2 t0 1mol O3 H2O, Zn

C6H5ONa A B C D + E (1) (2) (3) (4)

OH- (CH3)2SO4 H2NOH P2O5 C2H5MgBr N2H4,CH3ONa HI Zn

D F G H I J K L (5) (6) (7) t0 (8) H+ t0 t0 t0

BI LUYN TP S 12 - 2002Cu 1 : a. Cht xc tc l g ? Gii thch ti sao cht xc tc li lm tng tc phn ng ? hy cho 2 v d nu r vai tr ca xc tc nh hng phn ng (lm thay i sn phm phn ng).b. Mt mu dung dch axit propionic b ln tp cht axit axetic pha long 10 gam dung dch ny

thnh 100 ml (dung dch A). Gi tr pH ca A bng 2,91. trung ho 20 ml A cn dng 17,6 ml dung dch NaOH 0,125M. Tnh nng % cc axit trong dung dch u, bit :

3

51,75.10CH COOHK

= v 2 5

51,34.10C H COOHK

=

c. Thm dung dch NH3 ti d vo dung dch cha 0,5 mol AgNO3 ta c dung dch M. Cho t t 3gam kh X vo dung dch M ti phn ng hon ton c dung dch N v cht rn Q. Thm t t dung dch HI ti d vo dung dch N thu c 23,5 gam kt ta mu vng v V lt kh Y (ktc). Tm cng thc X v tnh V.

Cu 2 :a. Ion Ag+ to kt ta gch vi ion CrO42-. Bit rng nng ca cc ion trong dung dch bo

ho Ag2CrO4 l [Ag+] = 1,3. 10-4 M ; [CrO42-] = 6,3. 10-5 MHy tnh tch s tan ca Ag2CrO4.

b. Ag2CrO4 tan c trong dung dch NH3. Tnh hng s cn bng ca qu trnh ho tan. Bit : Ag+ + 2NH3 Ag(NH3)2+ k = 107,24 c. Trong dung dch K2Cr2O7 c cn bng :

Cr2O72- + H2O 2HCrO4- k1 = 1,79.10-2HCrO4- H+ + CrO42- ka = 10-6,5Hy tnh hng s cn bng ca qu trnh :4Ag+ + Cr2O72- + H2O 2Ag2CrO4 + 2H+

d. Mun cho vic kt ta Ag+ bng K2Cr2O7 xy ra d dng cn lm nh th no ?Cu 3 :1.Vit cu to v gi tn cc ng phn ca diclo etyl benzen. Hy nu s tng hp cc ng

phn t o- hoc p- nitro etyl benzen v cc tc nhn v c cn thit.2. a/C 4 axit : CH3CH2COOH (X) ; CH3CO - COOH (Y) ;CH3-CO-CH2-COOH (Z) v CH3-CH(NH3+)COOH (T) - Hy sp xp X,Y,Z,T theo trnh t axit tng dn v gii thch ?

- Tnh t l [RCOO-]/[RCOOH] i vi cht Z cc pH khc nhau : 1,58 ; 3,58 ; 5,58 bit pKa ca cht Z l 3,58b/ Vit phng trnh phn ng biu din chuyn ho sau :

D - glucoz 22

BrH O+

(X) H+

(Y)Cu 4 : Axit L ascobic (c trong vitamin C) l endiol c cu trc (E ) nh hnh v

O H CH2OH

C C HO - C HO O

HO - C O hay O H - C HO - C - H CH2OH (E) HO OH1. Hy gii thch tnh axit ca E (pKa = 4,21) v cho bit nguyn t H no trong (E) c tnh axit.2. Hy cho bit cng thc cu to t (A) n (D) trong dy tng hp (E) D-glucoz 4NaBH

D-(A) [ ]2Oenzim L - Z-XetoHexoz(B) (B) 3 32CH COCH (C) 41/

2 /

KMnOOH

H

+ (D) oHt

+

(E)

3. Trong khng kh, vitamin C b oxiha thnh sn phm vn gi mch vng v vn cn hot tnh, nhng c cha 3 nhm cacbonyl lin nhau. lu trong khng kh m, nht l khi un trong nc, sn phm ny b m vng v khng cn hot tnh na. Hy vit s cc chuyn ha .

BI LUYN TP S 13 - 2002Cu 1: a. Cho phn ng 2N2O5 4NO2 + O2 ToK vi cc kt qu thc nghim :

Th nghim 1 Th nghim 2 Th nghim 3Nng N2O5 (mol.l-1) 0,170 0,340 0,680Tc phn hu (mol.l-1.s-1) 1,39.10-3 2,78.10-3 5,55.10-3

+ Hy vit biu thc tc phn ng v xc nh bc phn ng. + Bit nng lng hot ho ca phn ng = 24,7 Kcal.mol-1 v 250C nng N2O5 gim i 1

na sau 341,4 giy. Hy tnh nhit T.b. Trong 1 nhit lng k cha 1,792 lt (ktc) hn hp CH4, CO v O2. Bt tia la in t

hon ton CH4 v CO, lng nhit to ra lc l 13,638 KJ. Nu thm tip 1 lng d hiro vo nhit lng k ri li t tip th lng nhit thot ra thm 9,672 KJ.

Cho bit nhit to thnh ca CH4, CO, CO2, H2O tng ng bng 74,8 ; 110,5 ; 393,5 ; 241,8 (KJ.mol-1). Hy tnh % th tch mi kh trong hn hp u.

c. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra khi:- Cho Mg kim loi tc dng vi dung dch cha Cu(NO3)2 v HCl thot ra hn hp 2 kh c N2.- Cho kh NO2 tc dng vi dung dch KOH d nhn c dung dch A. Cho Zn kim loi tc

dng vi dung dch A thy thot ra hn hp 2 kh c NH3.- Cho mt lung khng kh cha hi H2O, H2S, CO2 i qua cc cht CuSO4 dd,NaOH , H2SO4

nhn c hn hp kh A. Cho kh A tip xc vi v bo Mg 600oC nhn c hn hp rn B. Cho B vo nc th c sn phm g to ra?

Cu 2: a. Mt dung dch A gm cc ion Ag+ 0,1M ; Cu2+ 0,1M ; Mg2+ 0,01M ; Zn2+ 0,1M ; Ba2+

0,01M v H+ 1M.+Hi Anion no trong s cc ion : SO42- ; NO3- ; Cl- ; S2- ; HSO3-c th c mt trong dung dch

A? gii thch ?+ Thm NH3 c vo dung dch A sao cho nng t do [NH3] = 1M (coi th tch dung dch

khng i khi thm NH3) - Tnh pH ca dung dch thu c (dd B)

- C phn ng no xy ra v nhng Cation no c mt trong dd B? Vit phng trnh phn ng?

b. Hy tm cch nhn bit cc Cation c mt trong dung dch B. Cho pKa(NH4+) = 9,24 v pKs(Mg(OH)2) = 11.Cu 3: a. D - arabinoz l mt ng phn cu hnh C2 ca D-Riboz. xc nh cu trc D -

arabinoz ngi ta thc hin chuyn ho sau y : D-Arabinoz 3CH OHHCl A 4HIO B 32 2

1/2 /

H OBr H O

+

+ HOOC-COOH v HO-CH2-CH(OH)-

COOH Vit cu to ca D - Arabinoz.b. Hp cht A (C5H10O3) tan d trong baz long v c tnh quang hot, khi un A nhit cao

thu c 2 cht B v D u c cng thc phn t (C5H8O2). B khng cn tnh quang hot nhng vn cn lm giy qu xanh, D vn cn tnh quang hot. S Ozon phn cht B cho etanal v axit 2-Fomylaxetic. Cht A b oxi ho bng axit Cromic cho ta cht C, cht ny cho phn ng vi 2,4 - dinitroPhenyl hidrazin v phn ng halofom. Vit cng thc cu trc ca A, B, C,D.

Cu 4: a. Hy ngh cng thc cu trc ca cc cht t A n G trong dy tng hp papaverin

C20H21O4N (G) 2 ( )H Ni B3,4-(CH3O)2C6H3CH2Cl KCN A E 2 5P O F 0,Pd tG

03 ,H O t+ C 5PCl D

Hi trong papaverin c cha d vng no ?b. * Hp cht (Q )C5H8O3 cho kt ta vi 2,4 dinitro Phenyl Hidrazin v tan d trong baz long.

Vit cu to c th ca (Q) v gi tn. *(Q)cho phn ng Iodofom,hy cho bit cng thc khai trin no ph hp vi thc nghim ny. *(Q) khng d mt CO2 khi un nng. Hy cho bit tn gi v cng thc ng ca (Q). * Vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch (Q ) t etanol v cc cht v c.

BI LUYN TP S 14 - 2002Cu 1: 1. Hai cht SO2 v O3 c cu to tng t nhau. Hy nu r s ging nhau trong cu to ca 2

phn t ny. Qua gii thch v sao tnh cht ho hc ca chng li khng ging nhau.2. Ngi ta thc hin mt pin nhin liu vi Metanol lng v khng kh a/ Hy m t pin v vit cc phn ng in cc b/ Tnh sc in ng chun ca pin . c/ Tnh th Oxh kh ca cp CO2/CH3OH Cho E0O2/H2O = 1,23 V v

CH3OH (l) CO2(k) H2O (l) G0(298)KJ.mol-1 - 166,4 - 394,4 - 237,2

3. Vit phng trnh phn ng v nu r hin tng cho cc phn ng xy ra khi : - MnO2 tc dng vi axit sunfuric c - MnO2 tc dng vi NaOH sau pha thm H2O - MnCl2 tc dng vi dung dch NaOH 20% trongkh quyn N2 sau c dung dch v sc

khng kh i qua hoc cho thm dung dch NH3 c. - Thm t t tng git dung dch NaOH cho n mi trng kim vo mt dung dch KMnO4,

sau cho thm tng git dung dch H2SO4 long cho n mi trng axit. Cu 2: a. D on kh nng phn ng ca cc h cht sau y trong dung dch H2O v gii thch :

- KHSO4 v NaCH3COO - K2SO4 1M v HCl 1M - Na2CO3 0,1M v CH3COOH 0,15M - Ba(OH)2 0,1M v H3PO4 0,15M - NaAlO2 v NH4Cl - NH3 0,2M v NaH2PO4 0,15Mb. Cho kh CO2 li chm qua 1 lt dung dch Ba(OH)2 1,54% (d= 1g/ml) v lc mnh, lc, ra,

lm kh kt ta th thu c 13,22 gam - Tnh th tch kh CO2 (ktc) c th i qua dung dch.

- Tnh pH ca dung dch to thnh sau khi c CO2 i qua.c. Dng thm mt thuc th, hy tm cch phn bit cc dung dch CdSO4 ; MgSO4 ; Pb(NO3)2 ; CH3COONa.Cu 3: a. So snh di ca cc lin kt cng loi C - C ; C - Cl ; C - O trong mi dy cht sau v gii

thch ? + Etyl Clorua v Vinyl Clorua. + Etanol , axit Fomic ; Natri Fomiat.b. Hp cht hu c P c cng thc C5H4O2 phn ng vi thuc th Sip v vi Phenyl Hidrazin. Ngi ta thc hin 1 lot cc chuyn ho sau : P 4KMnO

C5H4O3 (A) 0t C4H4O (B) 2H

xuctac C4H8O (C) HCldu C4H8Cl2 (D)

KCN C6H8N2 (E) 2H OH + C6H10O4 (G) 2 2 6 2

( )H N CH NH T nylon 6,6

Cht (A) tan c trong dung dch NaHCO3, cht (C) tan c trong H2SO4 c , lnh, khng lm mt mu dung dch KMnO4, khng tc dng vi Na gii phng H2 . Hy xc nh cu to cc cht P n G trong s trn (ghi r lp lun).

Cu 4:a.Xc nh cu to sn phm trong s sau v gii thch s hnh thnh mi sn phm.

CH2-COH(CH3)2 2 40180H SO d

C (M)

2

HBrO

+ (N)

b. Mt cht rn X c cng thc phn t C15H15ON khng tan trong nc, trong HCl long hoc NaOH long. Khi un nng lu cht X vi dung dch axit, trn b mt dung dch kim to thnh 1 lp mng cht lng Y. Cht ny khng rn li khi lm lnh ti t0 phng ; n c ct li cun vi hi H2O v c tch ra. axit ho dung dch kim bng HCl to ra kt ta rn mu trng Z. Cht Y tan trong HCl long v phn ng vi Benzen Sunfo clorua v KOH d to thnh cht T rn khng tan trong kim. Cht Z c nhit nng chy 1800C tan trong dung dch NaHCO3 v khng cha nit. Hy xc nh cu to ca X, Y, Z, T.

BI LUYN TP S 15 - 2002Cu 1: a. Xt phn ng Brom ho propanon (xc tc axit)

CH3COCH3 + Br2 H+

CH3COCH2Br + H+ + Br-

+ Hy dng cc s liu tc ban u rt ra nh lut tc phn ng.STT

[CH3COCH3] mol.L-1

[Br2] mol.L-1 [H+] mol.L-1 Tc ban u (mol.L-1.sec-1)

1 0,30 0,050 0,050 5,7.10-52 0,30 0,10 0,050 5,7.10-53 0,40 0,050 0,20 3,1.10-44 0,40 0,050 0,050 7,6.10-5

+ Tnh gi tr trung bnh ca hng s tc phn ng theo giy v nng mol.b. Ngi ta thit lp 1 pin t Ag v dung dch AgNO3 0,1M vi Zn v dung dch Zn(NO3)2 0,1M

(2 dung dch ni vi nhau bng 1 cu mui). + Vit s pin vi du ca 2 in cc. Vit phng trnh phn ng khi pin lm vic. + Tnh sc in ng ca pin . Tnh cc nng khi pin dng ht. + Trnh by s thay i trong pin nu khi thm vo mt na pin trn 1 lng NH3 c.

Cho Ag+ + 2NH3 = Ag(NH3)2+ c 2 = 107,24 Zn2+ + 4NH3 = Zn(NH3)42+ c 4 = 108,7 v E0Zn2+/Zn = - 0,76V & E0Ag+/Ag = 0,8 VCu 2:a/ Nung mt mu qung c cha MnO, Cr2O3 v cc tp cht tr vi mt lng d Na2O2 thu

c hn hp cha Mn6+ v Cr6+. Ho tan sn phm vo nc ri thm H2SO4 d thu c kt ta MnO2 v dung dch B c cc ion MnO4, Cr2O72.Thm vo B mt lng dung dch FeSO4 d ri ho tan kt ta MnO2 vo .Vit phng trnh cc phn ng xy ra trong th nghim trn.

b. Dung dch X cha hn hp SO32- v S2O32-. 100ml dung dch X phn ng ht vi 80ml dung dch CrO42- 0,0500M trong mi trng baz

to ra Cr(OH)63-, ch c ion SO42- to thnh. Ch ho hn hp thu c vi BaCl2 d , lc kt ta, lm kh cn c 0,9336 gam kt ta kh. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng ion ?

+ Tnh nng mi cht trong dung dch u dng mol .c. pH ca dung dch Mg(OH)2 bng 10,50 ( 25oC) + Tnh tan ca Mg(OH)2 theo mol/l v gam/100ml + Tnh tch s tan ca Mg(OH)2 + Tnh tan ca Mg(OH)2 trong dung dch KOH 0,0100M 250C. + Khuy trn 5 gam Mg(OH)2 vi 100ml HCl 0,0500M 250C cho n cn bng .Tnh pH ca

dung dch thu c.Cu 3:a. Hy ch ra nhng ch sai trong mi s tng hp sau :

1. Br-CH2-CH2-Br Mg BrMgCH2-CH2MgBr HCHO (A) H + HO(CH2)4OH

2. n-pentan 2Cl CH3CH2CH2CHClCH3 3CH C CNa CH3(CH2)2CH(CH3)CC-CH3

3. isoButen + HCl peroxit (CH3)3CCl NaCN (CH3)3CCN

4. CH3-CH=CH2 HOBr CH3-CH-CH2 1/ Mg 22 /CH O 3/ H+

HOCH2-CH(CH3)-CH2OH Br OH 5. -NO2 3 3

CH COClAlCl -NO2

/Zn HgHCl -NO2

2Clh -NO2

COCH3 CH2CH3 CH2CH2Cl 2/KOH H O -NO2 2 5

KOHC H OH -NO2

CH2CH2OH CH=CH2b. Nh cc phn ng n gin, hy phn bit cc cht sau y: H2N-CH2-COONH4 ; H2N-CH2-CONH2 ; CH3-NH-CH(CH3)-COOCH3 v CH3-CO-NH-CH2-COOCH3.Gii thch.c. Hy gii thch s hnh thnh nhanh chng 2,4,6 tribrom-anilin khi cho p-amino-sunfonic- benzen hoc p-amino axitbenzoic tng tc vi brom trong nc.

Cu 4:1. Cht A c cng thc phn t C9H10O . Khi oxiha mnh cht A bng KMnO4 c thu c 2 axit C7H6O2 v C2H4O2. Cho A phn ng vi metyl Magiebromua ri thu phn s thu c ancol bc ba c mt nguyn t cc bon bt i. Vit cu to v gi tn A.2. Cho A tc dng CH3I d trong mi trng baz mnh NaNH2 ngi ta c lp c cht B c cng thc C11H14O. Vit cu to v gi tn B.3. Cht B tc dng vi (CH3)3CMgCl ri thu phn khng thu c ancol tng ng m c ancol C c cng thc C11H16O. Hy gii thch?

BI LUYN TP S 16 - 2002Cu 1: 1. Nng lng 1 electron lp th n trong trng lc mt ht nhn c tnh theo n v eV

bng cng thc En = 13,62

2

zn

a/ Hy tnh nng lng 1e trong trng lc mi ht nhn sau y: F8+ , Li2+ , N6+ . b/ Hy cho bit qui lut lin h gia En vi Z. Gii thch tm tt qui lut . c/ Tr s tnh c theo (1) c lin h vi nng lng ion ha khng? Gii thch c th.2. C s liu nng lng ion ha theo KJ.mol-1 ca Mg, Ca nh bng sau:

Ti liu A (M0 2e M2+) Ti liu B (M0 e M+) (M+ e M2+)Mg 1450 738 1451Ca 1150 590 1145

Hi s liu no ng ? s liu no sai ? Hy ch r c th.3. ng nghim th nht cha dung dch AlCl3, ng nghim th hai cha dung dch CrCl3 v ng

nghim th ba cha dung dch FeCl3. Ln lt thm vo mi ng dung dch Na2CO3, ri dung dch NaOH v cui cng l nc Brom. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng c th xy ra trong 3 ng nghim.

Cu2:

1. Vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra dng ion gia KMnO4, FeSO4 trong dung dch H2SO4 v cho bit mi yu t sau y nh hng nh th no n cn bng ion trn:

a/ Tng pH ca dung dch. b/ Thay H2SO4 bng HCl. c/ Thm mt lng nh KSCN vo dung dch.2. Hi Ni c kh c Fe2+ thnh Fe hay khng trong : a/ Mi trng axit ? b/ Khi c NH3 d ? Cho E0Ni2+/Ni = - 0,23 V ; E0Fe+/Fe = - 0,44 V ; Tch s tan ca Fe(OH)2 = 10-15 ; hng s bn ca Ni(NH3)62+ = 108,4 .3. Xt cc phn ng phn hch sau ca 235U bng ntron nhit: 23592 U + n

9438 Sr +

140(...) Xe + (...) (1)

23592 U + n 14156 Ba + (...) + 3n (2)

a/ Hy xc nh cc tiu phn v s cn thiu. b/ Xt phn ng (1) nu trn, cc mnh phn hch khng bn b phn r lin tip to thnh

Zr v Ce.Vit phng trnh phn ng ht nhn thu gn v tnh tng ng nng phng thch theoMeV. Cho m (235U) = 235,0493 u ; m (94Zr) = 93,9063 u ; m (140Ce) = 139,9054 u

v 1 u = 931,5 MeV/ c2Cu3:1. Cho cc cht: Piridin, Piperidin, Pirol, Anilin, Xiclohexylamin, p-amino piridin, m- amino

piridin v morpholin. Cho cc pKa tng ng: 5,17 - 11,11 - 0,4 - 4,58 - 10,64 - 9,11 - 6,03 v 8,33. Hy so snh v gii thch tnh baz gia: a/ Piridin v Piperidin. b/ Piridin v Pirol.

c/ Anilin v Xiclohecxylamin. d/ p aminopiridin v Piridin. e/ Morpholin v Piperidin.2. Vit phng trnh phn ng cho s bin ha sau y: C2H5OH X Y Z CH3CHCl2 A

B C D E G H CH C-CH3 Cc cht v c v iu kin cn thit coi nh c .3. Glu l k hiu ca Axit Glutamic (axit -aminoGlutaric). Glu c cng thc ha hc l HOOC-(CH2)2-CH(NH2)-COOH v cc tr s pKa nh sau: 2,2 ; 4,3 ; 9,7 . a/ Hy vit cng thc Fise pHI ca Glu , in tr s pKa tng ng vi mi nhm chc trong

Glu v gii thch. b/ Hy tnh phn trm ca nhm -COOH cha ion ha ti pH= 6,3 . c/ Thc hin in di trn giy vi Glu ti pH = 3,25 th Glu s di chuyn v anot hay catot? V

sao?

Cu4:1. Mt thnh phn L ca Du hoa hng dng c cu to sau:

cisH2C-OOC(CH2)7-CH=CH-(CH2)7-CH3 cis cis HC-OOC(CH2)7-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-(CH2)4-CH3

H2C-OOC(CH2)18-CH3 a. C bao nhiu ng phn i quang ca L? Dng () ch cc nguyn t ccbon bt i. b. L tc dng vi Natrimetoxit to ra hn hp 3 este metyl. Nu tn gi 3 este ny (ghi r Z,E). c. Cho cc este cha no tc dng vi ozon v Zn. Vit cu to 4 hp cht c nhm CHO v gi

tn IUPAC. d. Tnh th tch dung dch KOH 0,996M cn x phng ha 10gam L.

e. Ch s x phng ha ca L bng bao nhiu? Hy tnh ch s I2 ca L. (ch s I2 l s gam I2 cng vi 100gam cht bo).

Cho:

Piridin Pirol Pirolidin Morpholin O N-H N N N H H

Anilin NH2 Xiclohexylamin NH2 Piperidin N-H

p-aminopiridin m- aminopiridin NH2 NH2

N N

BI LUYN TP S 17 - 2002Cu 1: 1. Vi ht n X ca nguyn t ho hc c s n v in tch ht nhn Z. X c cu hnh electron

l [ ]Y ns1, trong [ ]Y l k hiu vit tt cu hnh electron ca nguyn t kh tr. a/ X l nguyn t hay ion? V sao ? b/ Hy thay k hiu Y trong [ ]Y v X bng k hiu nguyn t ha hc tng ng c th c. c/ Gi thit [ ]'Y l k hiu ion m n nguyn t c cu hnh electron lp ngoi cng l ns2np6.

Hy cho bit cc trng hp c th ca tr s n v k hiu ha hc ca Y. d/ V nguyn tc , t X v [ ]'Y c th thu c hp cht ha hc tng ng khng? hy trnh

by c th. (Ch : c xt trn l cc trng hp thng thng theo ha hc ph thng )

2.Thc nghim cho bit ti 25oC tc tiu th kh NO trong phn ng iu ch nitrozoni clorua kh : 2NO (k) + Cl2 (k) 2NOCl (k) (1) bng 3,5.10-4 mol.l-1s-1.

Hy tnh tc (ti 298oK): a)Ca phn ng (1) b)Tiu th kh Cl2 c)To thnh NOCl (k)Nu phn ng trn c phng trnh NO (k) + 1/2 Cl2 (k) NOCl (k) th tr s tc phn ng, hng s tc phn ng c thay i khng? Gii thch.Cu 2:1.Coban nhm VIII bng HTTH, c s th t 27. Hy vit cu hnh electron ca Co,Co2+,Co3+.2. Trong cc trng thi oxi ho Co , Co2+ , Co3+ th trng thi no bn trong dung dch nc c

mi trng axit? Ti sao?3. Trnh by ba phng php iu ch Na2CO3 t Na2SO4. Vit phng trnh phn ng.4. dung dch NaCl bo ho vo dung dch CuSO4 bo ho v cho Luhunh dioxit li qua

dung dch thy c kt ta trng xut hin. Vit phng trnh phn ng.5. Ti sao nhng dng c bng Bc ngoi khng kh li b xm dn v chuyn mu en?Cu 3:1. Cho cc aminoaxit sau: Ala CH3CH(NH2)COOH; ; Glu HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH ; Pro COOH . NLys H2N[CH2]4CH(NH2)COOH ; Thr CH3CHOHCH(NH2)COOH H a/ Vit cng thc chiu Fis ca Lthreonin, bit n c cu hnh 2S, 3R. b/ Sp xp cc aminoaxit nu trn theo trt t tng dn gi tr pHI. Gii thch.

2. Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C7H9N d tan trong HCl. Lm lnh dung dch axit ca n ri cho tc dng vi NaNO2, sau vi dung dch kim ca - naphtol th thu c mt cht rn mu . Khi cho A tc dng vi nc Brom to ra kt ta B. Kt qu phn tch nh lng cho bit B cha 70% brom. Xc nh cu to A,B v gi tn.

Cu 4:Peptit X c thnh phn l : Arg Ala4 Gly2 Leu4 Lys2 Met2 Phe3 Ser Trp .

Cho X tc dng vi 2,4-initroflobenzen thu c dn xut 2,4-initrophenyl ca alanin v mt nonaecapeptit . Thu phn X nh enzim cacboxypeptiaza thu c phenylalanin v mt nonaecapeptit khc. Khi thu phn tng phn X nh enzim tripsin thu c bn peptit : A (Trp-Phe-Arg), B (Ala-Leu-Gly-Met-Lys), C (Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Phe), D (Ala-Ala-Ser-Met-Ala-Phe-Lys) . Ngoi ra, khi thu phn X trong iu kin khc th thu c ba peptit : E (Ala-Leu-Gly-Met), G (Ala-Phe-Lys-Leu-Gly-Leu-Leu-Phe), H (Lys-Trp-Phe-Arg-Ala-Ala-Ser-Met) . 1. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca X (dng k hiu vit tt cho mi n v aminoaxit) .

2. Da vo cng thc cu to, lm th no xc nh gn ng gi tr pHI ca peptit( 7 ) ?

BI LUYN TP S 18 - 2002Cu 1: 1.T thc nghim thu c tr s H (theo Kcal.mol-1) phn ly tng lin kt 250C nh sau:

Lin kt H-H O-O O-H C-H C-O C-CH 104 33 111 99 84 83

Hy gii thch cch tnh v cho bit kt qu tnh H (cng iu lin nh trn) ca s ng phn ha: CH3CH2OH (hi) CH3-O-CH3 (hi)

Nu s lin h gia du ca H vi bn lin kt trong phn ng trn.2. Phn ng t chy than (graphit) trong oxi to kh cacbonic l phn ng to nhit. a/ Vit phng trnh phn ng. b/ Ti 500C phn ng c Kp = 100. Tnh Kp ti 1000C ; 00C (ghi r n v v gii thch), gi

thit rng t s Kp u bng 0,5 gia 500C vi 00C hay 1000C vi 500C.

c/ Khi phn ng trn tin hnh trong bnh kn c th tch khng i, nhit khng i t ti cn bng ha hc th nng O2 s thay i nh th no, nu :

- Thm CO2 - Thm O2 - Gim nhit - Thm than (graphit) - Thm Ar m vn duy tr th tch bnh khng i hoc duy tr p sut khng i bng cch

thay i th tch bnh.Cu 2: 1. Dung dch X thu c khi ho tan 0,128gam hydrocacbon A th rn bng 3,00gam benzen.

Bng phng php nghim lnh xc nh c nhit kt tinh ca dung dch = 4,70C. Bit hp cht A c 2 vng benzen, nhit kt tinh ca benzen = 5,20C v bnh th nghim c hng s bnh Kb = 1,5 . Hy tm cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to A.

2. Cho E0Sn4+/Sn2+ = 0,15V ; E0Sn2+/Sn = - 0,136 V ; E0Cu2+/Cu+ = 0,15V E0Cu+/Cu = 0,52V ; E0Cr3+/Cr2+ = - 0,37V ; E0Cr2+/Cr = - 0,93V Hi c phn ng g khng, khi : - Cho Sn vo dung dch Sn(NO3)4 0,5M - Cho Cu vo dung dch CuSO4 1,0M - Cho Cr vo dung dch Cr(NO3)3 1,0M3. Ngi ta iu ch Cu2O bng cch cho 2ml dung dch Glucoz 1% vo 2ml cht lng Feling

v un si. Khi to ra kt ta mu vng, sau kt ta chuyn mu . Cht lng Feling c iu ch t 2 dung dch: CuSO4.5H2O trong nc v mui Seignette KNaC4H4O6 (Kali-Natri-Tactrat), sau thm dung dch NaOH. Hy vit cc phng trnh phn ng.

Cu 3: O1. T C2H2 v cc cht v c vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch cht A c cu to: O2. T benzen v cc cht v c hy nu s phn ng iu ch cht B c cu to: CH3

C6H5Cu 4: Hp cht thin nhin X ( c cng thc phn t C7H14O6 ) l mt cht khng c tnh kh v khng t ng phn ho c. Thu phn X bng dung dch HCl sinh ra hp cht Y ( C6H12O6 ) l mt monosaccarit c tnh kh. oxi ho Y bng HNO3 long nng thu c mt iaxit khng c tnh quang hot l M ( C6H10O8 ). Lm gim mch monosaccarit Y chuyn -CHOH-CH=O thnh -CH=O th c monosaccarit Z ( C5H10O5 ), sn phm ny b oxi ho bi HNO3 long nng cho iaxit N (C5H8O7) c tnh quang hot . Cho X tc dng vi CH3Br trong mi trng baz sinh ra hp cht P , sn phm ny tc dng vi dung dch HCl long sinh ra Q. Oxi ho Q bng HNO3 long nng thu c mt hn hp sn phm , trong s c axit 2,3-imetoxibutanioic ( V1 ) v axit metoxipropanioic ( V2 ) .

Hy xc nh cng thc cu trc ca X , Y , Z , M , N . BI LUYN TP S 19 - 2002

Cu 1: 1. Kho st thc nghim phn ng: CH3OH (h) CO (k) + H2 (k) 300C tc phn ng c biu din bng biu thc = k. CCH3OH (hi) - Th nghim 1: Khi CCH3OH (hi) = 0,05 M th tc phn ng = 7,5. 10-7 mol.l-1.s-1 - Th nghim 2: o c p sut ring ca CH3OH (h) = 0,745 atm . Hy tnh: S phn t H2 (k) to thnh sau 2,0 pht. Bit th nghim 2 tin hnh trong bnh c th

tch khng i 5,0 lt.

2. in phn mt lng mui khan nng chy ca mt axit hu c n chc v mt kim loi cha bit bng dng in 0,3A trong thi gian 1gi 4 pht 20 giy th khi lng Catt tng thm 0,39 gam, ng thi Anot thot ra 2 kh X,Y (X lm c nc vi trong, cn Y khng lm dung dch Br2 mt mu). t hon ton mt th tch Y thu c hai th tch CO2 cng iu kin.

a/ Tnh khi lng mui , th tch X v Y ( 27,30C v 1atm). b/ Tm cng thc mui b in phn v vit phng trnh phn ng xy ra trn mi in cc.Cu 2: 1.Ti 250C in cc Calomen bo ho (Cal) Hg, Hg2Cl2 Cl- c th n nh bng 0,242V thng

c dng lm in cc chun. t bn phi. Mt pin gm in cc Calomen v in cc Zn2+ (C)/Zn c Epin = 1,12 V. a/ Vit s mch in. b/ Vit phng trnh phn ng mi in cc v ton mch. c/ Tnh nng ion Zn2+. Cho E0 Zn2+/Zn = - 0,76 V2. Cho mt lng d dung dch NaCl vo dung dch c Pb2+; Cr2+ thu c dung dch X v kt

ta Y. Thm mt lng d H2S vo dung dch X tch ra kt ta F v cn dung dch Z (cho rng lng kt ta hon ton).

a/ Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b/ Trnh by cch nhn bit tng ion trong dung dch X, dung dch Z v tng cht trong kt ta

Y, kt ta F (vit cc phng trnh phn ng minh ha). Cu 3:1. Vit cu trc cc cht trong s cho di y: D arabinoz HCN

X 3H O+ Y 2H O Z Na Hg D Glucoz

D Glucoz 2 2,Br H O T 3CaCO Q ( )

2 2

3 3

H OFe CH COO M 2CO N

2. D Glucoz ( )6 5 3C H CClPiridin A ( )3 2CH CO O

Piridin B ( )

3

HBr khanCH COOH C

Cu 4: un Aminoaxit P (trong thnh phn nguyn t ch c C,H,O,N) vi metanol (d), bo ho

bng HCl, thu c hp cht Q. Ch ho Q vi amoniac d thu c hp cht G . Nu t 3,3375 gam G v dn ht hn hp kh v hi sinh ra ln lt qua cc bnh dung dch

NaOH d, H2SO4 c, ri kh k, th bnh NaOH s tng 4,9500 gam, bnh H2SO4 tng 2,3625 gam, cn kh k cha 420ml mt kh duy nht (o ktc).

1. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca P, Q v G. Bit t khi hi ca G so vi hidro bng 44,5. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng.

2. Trong ba cht c hai cht rn v mt cht lng. Ch r cc cht . Gii thch.3. So snh tan trong nc gia P v G . Gii thch.Cu 5:Hp cht A c cng thc phn t C12H10O2NSBr. Cho A phn ng vi HCl c khi un nng, kim ha hn hp phn ng va thu c bng NaOH thy tch ra cht rn B. Cht B ch cha cc nguyn t C,H,Br,N v phn ng nhanh vi nc Brom cho cht C c cng thc phn t C6H4NBr3. nhit phng cht C khng phn ng vi baz v phn ng vi HCl rt kh khn. lm bay hi dung dch kim cn li (sau khi tch cht rn B) thu c sn phm c cng thc phn t C6H5O3SNa.a/ Xc nh cu to ca A,B,C.b/ Ti sao cht C kh phn ng vi axt.c/ Lp s tng hp cht A t benzen v cc cht v c cn thit.

Glucoz