34032051 Future Nano Development

8/8/2019 34032051 Future Nano Development

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Course Leader: Jodie Wetherall

1Student Number: 000449066 Sylvanus Jenkins

Future Development

Research

Report

on

Nanotechnology

By Sylvanus Jenkins


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Contents

Introduction.............................................................................................page 3-4

General Perspective.............................................................................page 5-6

Various applications of nanotechnology..............................................page 7

Future Nano-electronic..........................................................page 7 Future Area of applications................................................. page 7 Future Nano-medicine......................................................... page 7

Debates..............................................................................................page 8-9

Future Market......................................................................................page 10

Conclusion...........................................................................................Page11-12

References...............................................................................................page 13-14


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Abstract:

Aim to discuss one option about the future of nanotechnology as well as discuss aspect

relating to development, uses references using books and internet sites. Discusses and

provides an opinion from a disciplinary perspective looking at the developing world by its

very nature and by definition.

Introduction

Initial research into nanotechnology only allows me to understand its development over the

few decades on the many theoretical aspects of the technology, however my attempt only

open my eye to the future of nano and what it means for human being on earth. My

conclusion were simple, it allows individuals to begin to face a possible nano future using

example of current modern day event examining the development on many fields; with both

optimistic (looking at the bright side ) and pessimist (having a controversial view on its

future) firm on their individual perspectives. To shed light into the future of this technologyand what it may entail for the whole world.

The future of Nanotechnology lies with machine called replicators; replicators are object

which can produce any physical object. However, this idea has long been considered science

fiction now being taught of as the future of nanotechnology. Replicators is the feasible idea

for the future, nano engineers calls it molecular manufacturing. Molecular manufacturing is

the idea of programming atom at the molecular level to create a desired function. Molecular

engineering is now a feasible idea for the future, when contemplated seems to be mind

bugling to the non-scientific mind. This idea seems to bridge many gaps scientist has long

awaited to crossover. Eric Drexel who says it possible because atom and molecules stick

together because of their complementary shapes that locks them together.

He explains that atom and molecules acts likes magnets with positive charge atom attracting a

negative charge atom; if million of atoms are piece together using a nanomachine its

possible to create a desired shape, once manipulated individually and place in a pattern a

particular function or pattern can be produced . To make this idea more feasible they discuss

that the first step will be to create nanoscopic machines, called assemblers which could be

used to manipulate atom and molecules at will.

A Rice University Professor Richard Samlley made a point saying such a method will takemillions of years. Eric Drexler believes that the assemblers could first replicate themselves,

resulting in mass exponential grown, before beginning the process of molecular

manufacturing. The future aim of the nanotechnology is be able to give control to people so

that users will be able to create many things at home with the touch of button.

The future is one nanomachine using an assembler and replicators to automatically construct

products, and could eventually replace all traditional labour methods. If this were made

possible many people will see the change in many areas, cost of goods for manufacturing will

decrease because there is not many expenses involved many goods will be cheaper, stronger

and more available poor individual.


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However, it consequences for human being on earth could be far greater than anticipated,

than a few goods cheaper, making how old items is one thing, but if your neighbour who

many have knowledge on the technology much more than you do about it potential,

nanomachine with assembler and replicators could create weapons unknown to man what

future does it holds for us then?

Creating nano machine that do good is another when the technology is put into good use,

creating machines that create more machines with an ideology and self purpose is one that

man cannot afford and should never strive to face at the hands of machines we invented.

Creating things at the touch of a button is one that leaves many with unanswered questions,

questions that very well could determine whether or not it should be made possible to do so.

A nano future is a future of exploration many believes however, it future it left with its

creators and researchers. Many believe that the ethical issues surrounding the

nanotechnology, is that it will creates more problems for the future. However, scientist insiststhat the purpose is one of harmony, and that one day it could eradicate many problems

currently facing the earth population in many countries across the world.

The belief is that its the key for the future development; nanotechnology could well eradicate

hungry in third world countries. Eventually, we could be able to replicate anything, including

diamond, water and food. Famine could well be eradicated by 2030 by machines that

fabricate to feed to the hungry.

I hope to have a replicator on my desk someday, but how do any of us live in a community

with a crazy man or woman who also a replicators and decides to build dangerous things?


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General Perspective

The future of nanotechnology is still widely uncertain on every possible level, there is a big

different between what is said about the technology and what it actually will achieve.

Nanotechnology has proved to be a popular topic and no doubt millions of dollars are being

invested in the research of such a technology, however, its pitfalls are still unclear as well asthe degree of its possibilities are yet unclear in regard to the agendas of each research,

researchers needs to be more transparent in regards to what they are researching about and

how they intent to obtain solutions to problems that arises.

Articles mostly written either only favour one half of the technology or both sides,

discussion without a favourable solution as to whether society really needs to invest money in

such a technology. As a student, studying Information and communication technology, I am

keen to understand what and where it all may leads, as well as to understand the evolution its

future and how it many either directly involved or have an effect on me and the indirectly

change as a result.

Nanotechnology is said to be the key for the evolution of the future on all possible levels. As

an optimistic of nanotechnology I am only certain that such advancement could only leads to

a revolution of the entire technological industry. However, whether this advancement and

where I fit in is another question, my future is still uncertain and will only became clear as

time goes on. My path however, is clear I am certain ICT is a career for me.

Mihail (Mike) Roco of the U.S. National Nanotechnology Initiative has described fourgenerations of nanotechnology development (see chart below). The current era, as Roco

depicts it, is that of passive nanostructures, materials designed to perform one task. Thesecond phase, which we are just entering, introduces active nanostructures for multitasking;for example, actuators, drug delivery devices, and sensors. The third generation is expected tobegin emerging around 2010 and will feature nanosystems with thousands of interactingcomponents. A few years after that, the first integrated nanosystems, functioning (accordingto Roco) much like a mammalian cell with hierarchical systems within systems, are expectedto be developed. Source:http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm
http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htmhttp://www.crnano.org/whatis.htmhttp://www.crnano.org/whatis.htmhttp://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm


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Figure one: Shows the Nano estimated Development phase from 2000 to 2020

Image source:http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm

The future of nanotechnology will affect much of area of applications, as well as area such as

electronic and Medicine. These are the most likely of area to feel these effects of change

within society as a result.

The future of nano-electronic will be a future that enterprises and transpose its potential. It

will allow users using System components and devices reduced to molecular and

supramolecular structure that plays roles within the nanosystem.

Nanotechnology feasible future is one that will lead to many changes. The future

nanodevices will deliver the medicine accurately on the body using nanodevice, which will

transform medical field when is achieve. In the future nanotech machine will be sending a

miniature apparatus no much larger than 1 mm and 1/10 mm radius in to the blood stream

resulting in removal of blockage in the arteries may quite soon becomes a science, not fiction.
http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htmhttp://www.crnano.org/whatis.htmhttp://www.crnano.org/whatis.htmhttp://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm


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Future Applications

Nanotechnology offers a myriad of applications for production of new gas sensors, opticalsensors, chemical sensors, and other energy conversion devices to bio implants. Applicationaim to use two approaches with nonmaterial science approaches to solve new problems used

in production of its materials.

Area of Application

The future application will involves the use of carbon nanotube, insisting in saying that thetechnological field of polymer nanocomposites, new potential applications may be obtainusing carbon nanotubes as reinforced nanofibers and to impart unique electrical and thermal

properties to the polymer matrix. Source: http://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htm

Nanomaterials in two dimensions

These will involve Two dimensional nanomaterials such as tubes and wires. Carbonnanotubes see carbon nanotubes. Inorganic nanotubes see nanonatural a typical example ofinorganic nanotubes example.Halloysite nanotubes are hollow tubes with high aspect ratiosthat are tens to hundreds of nanometers (billionths of a meter) in diameter, with lengthstypically ranging from about 500 nanometers to over 1.2 microns (millionths of a meter).

Source:http://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htm

Nano Electronic

The future of nano-electronic will be a future that enterprise and transpose it true potential. Itwill allow users System components and devices to be made reduced to molecular andsupramolecular structure that plays roles within the nanosystem. Effecting in some sense,

electronic miniaturization has been the true driving force for nanotechnology research andapplications. The main aim in this area is understand nanoscale rules and mechanism in orderto implement new ICT systems more economic, little and reliable. It's a sure thing that siliconera is on the way up. Only nanotechnology can radically change ICT systems in order tocontinue to follow Moore's law. Nanotechnologies are therefore expected to enable theproduction of smaller, cheaper devices with increasing efficiency.


Nano medicine

The future devices will deliver the medicine accurately on the body using Nan device, which

will transform medical field when is achieve. Bio-nanotechnology is concerned withbiological nanostructures and is a strong interdisciplinary matter (chemical, biological and thephysical sciences.)Biological systems are the most perfect nanosystems one can image.


The field will expand to include molecular nanosystems--heterogeneous networks in whichmolecules and supramolecular structures serve as distinct devices. The proteins inside cellswork together this way, but whereas biological systems are water-based and markedlytemperature-sensitive, these molecular nanosystems will be able to operate in a far widerrange of environments and should be much faster. Computers and robots could be reduced to

extraordinarily small sizes. Medical applications might be as ambitious as new types of
http://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=waterhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/topic.cfm?id=waterhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htmhttp://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htm


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genetic therapies and antiaging treatments. New interfaces linking people directly toelectronics could change telecommunications.

Debates

My opinion is that society will never do such a thing until our pain is great enough to justifyit. We shall see if intelligence wins out over animal emotion driven desire for privacy.Looking around at the state of commercial nano, Id say it is just getting started. Some of us

dont really ascribe to the idea that using small particle materials is true nanotechnology, butthat is the practical definition at the moment. True nanotech is building things from atomsand moleculesnot from particles made up of millions of atoms in each particle.So when dowe see open source nano? When the tools become cheap enough or available to individuals.

Not there yet. But Id like to think that good things can come from open source nano.

I would also like to discuss future nanotechnology functionality capabilities. It is important tonote that functionality is not necessarily wholly determined by complexity, as an increase in

the complexity of a device does not automatically result in an increase in functionality at thenanometre scale. It illustrates the definition of the industries collective nanotechnologycapabilities as the area under the described functionality versus complexity curve.

Figure 2: Illustration of the underlying concept of progression with time and complexity; the

industries collective nanotechnology capabilities as the area under the described

functionality versus complexity curve.

Image sources: http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trends
http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trendshttp://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trendshttp://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trends


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Figure 3 Division of the defining dimensions into several descriptive categories; the

complexity of systems increases from simple systems, over multiple and structured to

constructed systems, while the system functionality increases from chemical, over physical,

sensing and motive to autonomous.

It is evident from above that the dimension and complexity encompasses an element of

design, which increases with growing complexity to optimise the interaction of the appliedbuilding blocks.

Images sources: http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trends
http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trendshttp://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trendshttp://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trends


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Future Market

The world nanotechnology lists the emerging trend in the industry and provides exclusiveforecasts-products wise and application wise. Despite the hype surrounding nanotechnology,the progress achieved in the last five years is remarkable as shown by dramatic public

spending in recent years. The total global investment in nanotechnology is currently around 5billion euros, two billion of which comes from the private sector.

Future Market

The future investment is most certain to rise as already millions of dollars has beeninvestment into the world nanotechnology market. Future key issues currently beingaddressed is the global outlook of nanotechnology market, it growth prospects in relations tothe key drivers (researchers and developers) on the opportunities and challenges fornanotechnology. The nanotube market is likely to hit 1.35 billion dollars in 2005

The rapidly commercializing nanotechnology market presents potential market in various

industrial sectors including energy, textiles and life sciences. The market for nanotechnologyin manufacturing goods is forecasted to grow at a CAGR of 33% during the period from 2007to 2015.The market for nanotechnology into consumer products is projected to grow at anAAGR of 9.4% from 2005 to 2010.

Source:http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=599660

Market Size of the Nanoelectronics totalled to US$ 1,827 millions in 2005 and is forecastedto reach US$ 4,219 million by the year 2010.

Nanofood market will soar with a CAGR 30.94% from 2006 to 2010 and will attain a marketvalue of US$ 20.40 Billion by 2010.

The market for textiles using nanotechnology will cross US$ 13.6 Billion mark by 2007. By2012, the market is expected to reach US$ 115 Billion.

US market for nanotech tools is projected to increase by nearly 30% per year through 2008 toUS 900 millions, and then triple again to US$ 2.7 Billion in 2013.

US have the largest share of global investment in nanotechnology. The US market had ashare of 28% in 2005, followed by Japanese market with about 24% share. The westernEuropean market also had a quarter of the market share with major investment in countrieslike Germany, UK and France. Other counties like China, South Korea, Canada and Australia

held the rest of the share.

Source: The World Nanotechnology Market (2006) Publication date: February 2007
http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=599660http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=599660http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=599660http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=599660


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Conclusion

The benefit of nanotechnology is difficult to deny and to stop development of research relatedto it since it has already begun to penetrate many different fields. Nanotechnology can alsobe given guidelines to ensure a researcher does not become too potentially harmful. With any

new technology there will be always be those who wishes to put it into misuse, theseguidelines will help prevent it.

Nanotechnology in the future will involve distributed system that contains many differentkinds of hardware and software working together in cooperative fashion to solve problems.My view is controversial to Eric Drexler the man who introduces nanotechnology, and hisgrey goo scenario; where a synthesis nano-size device replaces all organic materials fails toleave room for other possible technological development systems i.e. HeteronymousSystems. My believe is that it holds the future for series of interconnected or interdependentparts or entities (objects, organs, or organisms) working together for a common purpose.

Nanotechnology has long been said to lead the way for quantum computing. The report alsohighlighted the focus on quantum dots, semiconductor nano-particles that can be tuned toemit or absorb particular light colours. Assuming that the considerable technologicalchallenges of making nano-structures from complex materials can be solved, in some casesby designing at the level of a single atom, then on a 10-year timescale quantum computingwill start to provide solutions to complex problems that are difficult or impossible to solve byconventional computing," it claimed

Sources:http://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computing

This claim follows a recent research at the Royal Society and the Royal Academy of

Engineering, Processesor Ann Dowling; a chairman said "We see tremendous benefits fromnanotechnology across a whole range of application areas both now and in thefuture."Obviously, in IT and communications it is enabling the size of computer chips tocontinue shrinking. "Of course, computer chips are already operating at nanotechnologylevels so this is really business as usual as far as IT is concerned."Sources:http://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computing

It is certain that these two fields in the future will blur each other creating a new field ofstudy and development. However, nanotechnology is an area with social concerns in regardsto organisations concerns with the ethical implications of nanotechnology in weaponry afterdevices have been built.

They urge scientist and politicians to examine carefully all the possibilities ofnanotechnology before creating more powerful weapons. Other concerns rise if thebreakthrough in medicine were achieved; there are many theory of enhancement of thehuman physics, increase life expectancy, increase brain power, and many other controversialtheories including religious belief that rise concerns.

Organisation argues that if all this things where made possible, the human identify will belost in its path for greater technology, in its attempt to change the world. Questions beingasked current is the evolutionary path it may create, between the have and have not since itmay start of very expensive would we separate the two races of those who can afford and

those who cant, where then does it leaves society if this did happen, where does it leavethose who are unfortunate to be in a loss privilege position.
http://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computinghttp://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computing


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These questions are just a few that needs answers too. If nanotechnology becomes possible,where does it leaves the world financial economic if molecular manufacturing becomes areality, assuming that everything can build itself with the click of a button. After all thesequestions are answered then nanotech researchers and developers will realise the possibilities.


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Reference

Internet Sources

Google link: //www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=344515

Image source: http://www.crnano.org/whatis.htm

Remarket report://www.researchandmarkets.com/reportinfo.asp?report_id=599660

Images sources: http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trends

Nanocomposite://www.nanocompositech.com/carbon-nanotubes-nanocomposites.htm

Nanoapplication: //www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-

applications.htm

Source: http://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htm

Nanotechology & Discusses Semiconductors:http://www.v3.co.uk/vnunet/news/2125565/nanotech-leads-way-quantum-computing

Source: http://www.nanocompositech.com/nanotechnology/nanotechnology-applications.htm

http://www.askamum.co.uk/Pregnancy/Search-Results/Week-by-week/Your-babys-

development-in-the-womb- /

http://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID=1718#_Future_Trends

Book Resources

Framing Nano, mapping study on regulation and governance of nanotechnology 22 (January

2009)

Love ridge, D. (2002).Nanotechnology: its potential as the next industrial revolution and

its social consequences , Ideas in Progressseries, Paper number 30,

http://les.man.ac.uk/PREST

Mayer, S. (2002). From genetic modification to nanotechnology: the dangers of sound

science, Science: can we trust the experts? T Gilland (ed), London: Hodder & Stoughton,

pp.1-15

Mnyusiwalla, A., et al (2003). Mind the Gap: Science and Ethics in Nanotechnology,

Nanotechnology, Issue 14, pp.R9-R13,www.iop.org/EJ

Mostern, J. (2002). Ethical Implications of Nanotechnology in Nanotechnology: Revolutionary Opportunities & Societal Implications, EC-NSF 3rd Joint Workshop on

Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy, 31 January1 February 2002, pp.91-94

National Science Foundation (2001). Societal Implications of Nanoscience and

Nanotechnology, NSET Workshop Report, M.C. Roco and W.S. Bainbridge (Eds.),

www.nano.gov/agency_rpts.htm

Reynolds, G.H. (2002). Forward to the Future: Nanotechnology and regulatory policy,

Pacific Research Institute,www.pacificresearch.orgRolison, D.

Journal
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34032051 Future Nano Development

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