3.4 Immobilized Enzyme Systemscontents.kocw.or.kr/document/wcu/2011/04/Bioprocess03-4.pdf ·...
Transcript of 3.4 Immobilized Enzyme Systemscontents.kocw.or.kr/document/wcu/2011/04/Bioprocess03-4.pdf ·...
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3.4 Immobilized Enzyme Systems
• Immobilization ~ enzyme reutilization
~ elimination of enzyme recovery
and purification processes
~ may provides a better environment
for enzyme activity
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3.4.1 Immobilization Methods
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3.4.1.1 Entrapment
� Matrix-Entrapment
� Matrix ~ Ca-alginate, agar, κ-carrageenin,
polyacrylamide, and collagen
� Membrane-Entrapment
� Hollow fiber units
• Membrane: nylon, cellulose, polysulfone,
and polyacrylate
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3.4.1.2 Surface Immobilization
� Adsorption
� Inorganic material ~ alumina, silica, porous glass,
ceramics, diatomaceous earth,
clay, betoniteclay, betonite
� Organic material ~ cellulose, starch, activated carbon,
ion-exchange resin
� Covalent binding
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3.4.2 Diffusional Limitation
Damkoehler Number (Da)
If Da>>1, the diffusion rate is limiting.
If Da<<1, the reaction rate is limiting.
If Da is about 1, the diffusion and reaction rates are comparable.
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Mass Transfer & Reaction
� Flux (g/cm2/sec) = kL ∆S
� kL : mass transfer coefficient (cm/sec)
� ∆S : concentration difference (g/cm3)
� Surface reaction rate (g/cm2/sec) � Surface reaction rate (g/cm /sec)
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3.4.2.1 Surface-Bound Enzyme
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Solution for Ss
(i) Analytical solution(i) Analytical solution
Above eq. is quadratic
in [Ss].
(ii)Graphical solution �
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Surface-Bound Enzyme
�
�
[I]
[II]
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3.4.2.2 Immobilization in a Porous Matrix
Assumption:
• Enzyme is uniformly distributed.
• There is no partitioning of the
substrate between the exterior
and interior of the support.
• The reaction rate is expressed
by M-M eq.
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Mass Balance Equation
� Mass Balance
Accumulation rate
= Input rate – Output rate + Generation rate
– Consumption rate– Consumption rate
� Fick’s Law
� FluxA = - DABdCAdx____
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3.4.2.2 Immobilization in a Porous Matrix
B. C.
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Dimensionless Form
Dimensionless Variables
Dimensionless Equations
B. C.
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Effectiveness Factor
η =Actual reaction rate (with diffusion limitation)
Reaction rate in bulk solution (without diffusion limitation)
________________________________________________________
Actual reaction rate
Reaction rate in bulk solution
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Effectiveness Factor
Diffusion limitationDiffusion limitation
Reaction rate limitation
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Effectiveness Factor
� For a zero-order reaction ( β � 0),
� for a large range of φ
� For a first-order reaction ( β � ),
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Thiele Modulus
� Φ is a parameter which affects η.
� For the design of immobilized enzyme system,
Vm” and R are main variables, since Km and De are fixed.
� High enzyme content (high φ) � high Vm”, but low η
Low enzyme content (low φ) � low Vm”, but high η
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Effectiveness Factor