3.4 COLONIAL LIFE THE ENGLISH COLONIES CONTINUED TO GROW DESPITE MANY CHALLENGES.
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Transcript of 3.4 COLONIAL LIFE THE ENGLISH COLONIES CONTINUED TO GROW DESPITE MANY CHALLENGES.
3.4 C
OLONIA
L LIFE
THE E
NG
L ISH
CO
LON
IES
CON
T INU
ED T
O G
ROW
DESP IT
E
MAN
Y CH
ALLENG
ES
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.
Colonial governorsWere assisted by advisory councils People selected the governor and council in proprietary coloniesKing selected governor and council in royal colonies
WAIT!! Which colonies were royal colonies?• Virginia• New York• New Jersey• Massachusetts• New Hampshire• North Carolina• South Carolina
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.• Elected representatives (like members
of Parliament in England)• Made laws• Set policy• Served on assemblies• Passed laws after they have been approved by governor
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Virginia created the first colonial
legislature in the year 1619.
Virginia legislature was a single body that was later split into two houses
One house
One group of people makes the laws
Two house
2 groups of people makes the laws Ex: House of representatives
Ex: Senate
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Center of politics in New England was
the town meeting, which was a regular gathering of townspeople to discuss local issues (like paying for schools)• Southern colonies: too far apart less town meetings, more county meetings
• Middle colonies: town and county meetings
• New England colonies: town meetings regular
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.• King James II comes to power in 1686
• He believed he should control all of English government
• In 1686, he created Dominion of New England with Sir Edmund Andros as governor
• Colonists = angry
I control all!
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Parliament replaced King James II and
passed English Bill of Rights, which reduced the powers of the monarch.
How did the Bill of Rights change government?
• Colonists valued their right to decide on local issues.
COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS WERE INFLUENCED BY POLITICAL CHANGES IN ENGLAND.Courts
• Used for controlling local affairs
• Reflected beliefs of local communities
• Protected individual freedoms
ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.Why did England want to have control of
American colonies?
• Mercantilism: system of carefully controlled trade to create and maintain wealth
ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.
NAVIGATION ACTS (1650-1696)• Why? To make more money for England (at
colonists’ expense)• Colonists couldn’t trade sugar or cotton with any other country (only England)
King William
Colonist
I need to buy
cotton to make my
dress
Sure, but you can
only buy it from me and I am going to charge
more than everyone
else!
ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.
NAVIGATION ACTS (1650-1696)England
• liked these acts they made money
• Claimed it was good for colonists to have steady market for goods
Colonists
• did NOT like acts unfair
• Wanted to trade with whomever because they could get the best price
RESULT = Smuggling (colonists traded illegally)
ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.Triangular Trade: System in which goods
and slaves were traded between Africa, Britain, and Americas
ENGLISH TRADE LAWS LIMITED FREE TRADE IN THE COLONIES.Americans trade sugar (molasses) for
people (slaves)
Middle Passage:
Journey from Africa to Americas (up to 3 months)
Conditions = BRUTAL• Lived in small spaces• Slaves died of
disease• Hot• Contaminated food
and water• Slaves only allowed
above deck for an hour per day
• Many of them were chained on their backs for 23 hours per day
THE GREAT AWAKENING AND ENLIGHTENMENT LED TO IDEAS OF POLITICAL EQUALITY AMONG MANY COLONISTS.
Great Awakening: religious movement that swept through colonies in 1730s-1740s
Jonathan Edwards
• Massachusetts
• Seek forgiveness for your sins or face punishment in hell forever.
George Whitefield
• Held revivals from Georgia to New England
Why did people listen? Ideas from other colonies, talking about issues that affected many people
People changed got more involved with political and social issues
THE GREAT AWAKENING AND ENLIGHTENMENT LED TO IDEAS OF POLITICAL EQUALITY AMONG MANY COLONISTS.
Enlightenment: movement that spread the idea that logic and reason could improve society
• Social contract between government and citizens
• People have natural rights like equality and liberty (John Locke)
• Running government should be logical