33.revolutions2!
Transcript of 33.revolutions2!
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“My dear philosopher, doesn’t this appear to you to be the century of revolutions?”
– Voltaire (Enlightenment thinker), 1772
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What were the key events that caused major changes in the world?
Neolithic Revolution
Classical Civilizations
Rise of IslamAge of ExplorationIndustrial Revolution
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Units 4 and 5: Not a clean break
• What do we mean by ‘modern’ history?–Notions of progress, constitutional
government, political democracy, socialism, nationalism, feminism, and opposition to slavery
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What revolutions must you analyze?
• United States of America • French• Haitian• Spanish American• Echoes?–Abolitionism–Nationalism–Feminism
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Comparing Revolutions
• Are there patterns?
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Scientific Revolution to Enlightenment
• Remember Kant?• Hobbes: Absolutism• Locke & Rousseau: Social
contract
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North American Revolution 1775 - 1787
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• Assemblies & self-government
• Conditions of:– not much
poverty– economic
opportunity
– few social differences
• Publications
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Encouraging the Masses: Unity
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Boston “Massacre” orBoston “Policing”?1770
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Boston Tea Party, 1773“No taxation without representation!”
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North American Revolution, 1775-1787
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Consequences of the American Revolution
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“E Pluribus Unum”
• U.S. Constitution–Bill of Rights–3 Branches of government–Federalism:•Balancing central and state government jurisdictions
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French Aid
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French Revolution (1789-1815)
• Economic woes & luxurious life of King Louis XVI
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The Three Estates• First Estate:• Clergy
• Second Estate:• Nobility
• Third Estate:• Peasants
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Estates General, 1789
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National Assembly, 1789
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Women’s Role
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Declaration of the
Rights of Man and Citizen
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French Revolution• Messages of
Revolution–Monuments, street
names, playing cards
– State replaced Catholic church as the place for registering births, marriages, and deaths
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French Revolution• National Assembly (1789-1791)• Legislative Assembly (1791-1792)– Constitutional monarchy
• National Convention (1793-1794)– The Reign of Terror: Eliminate
opposition to save the Revolution!
• The Directory (1795…)
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Napoleon (1799-1814)• Successful general who seized
power• Preserved revolution…?– Civil equality, secular law code,
religious freedom, meritocracy–Military dictatorship
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Napoleon (1799-1814)
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Revolutions of 1848
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American vs. French Revolution
• Enlightenment ideas both societies– Limited to free men
• French social conflicts = more radical revolution
• Americans restoring freedoms• French starting from scratch–New army = rise of new men (Napoleon)
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Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804
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Saint Domingue (renamed Haiti)
• Power of social media How to apply French revolution in this (brutal) colony?– grand blancs: desire autonomy & fewer
economic restrictions– petit blancs: desire equality of
citizenship for all whites–mixed-race: desire equal treatment– slaves: desire abolitionism
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Haitian Revolution, 1791-1804
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Toussaint Louverture takes the lead over warring factions
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Toussaint Louverture takes lead
over warring factions
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Impact of Haitian Revolution?
• Cycles of dictatorships on island• Redistribution of land = no large-scale
farming– http://
www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/14/haiti-history-earthquake-disaster
• Was not recognized by many nations• Sugar expansion in Cuba & Jamaica by
other nations• Napoleon sells Louisiana territory to US
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