NEW WORLD BEGINNINGS

33,000 BCE to 1769 CE

PEOPLING OF AMERICAS Isolation leads to

slower development

Incas, Aztecs (Mexica), and the MayanMaize CultivationAnimism/

SpiritualityMathematics,

astronomy, and trans-regional trade

EARLIEST AMERICANS Maize and

Irrigation Technology

Hunting and Gathering

Cahokia Gender Relations Three-Sister

Farming Iroquois

Confederacy

INDIRECT DISCOVERERS OF THE NEW WORLD Crusades and Western Europe

Spices, silks, drugs, perfume, and sugar Marco Polo Indian Ocean Maritime System and Silk

Road Muslim Middlemen

EUROPEANS ENTER AFRICA

Renaissance in Europe

Early Plantation SystemMadeira, the

Canaries, Sao Tome, and Principe

PortugueseDias 1488DeGama 1498

Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

COLUMBUS: “MOST SUCCESSFUL FAILURE IN WORLD

HISTORY”

Columbus’s First Voyage

Circumnavigate the Globe – Magellan

WORLDS COLLIDE Columbian Exchange Sugar Revolution

SPANISH CONQUISTADORS Treaty of Tordesillas

(1494) Spain Dominated

ExplorationBalboaMagellan Juan Ponce DeLeonCoronadoPizarro

Encomienda System

CONQUEST OF MEXICO Hernan Cortes

1519MalincheMonteczuma

Small Pox Mestizo Population

“God, Gold, and Glory”

Juan de Onate 1599 Battle of Acoma

Pope’s Rebellion 1680

Black Legend

SPREAD OF SPANISH AMERICA

ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH Incentives for Colonization

Land Scarcity MercantilismReligious MotivationEnglish ReformationPuritan Separatists Irish Model

ARRIVAL OF THE ENGLISH French and Dutch in America

New Amsterdam – French Influence First English Settlements

Spanish ArmadaGilbert and RaleighRoanoke