Proceedings of the

32nd AnnualInternational Conference of the

Association for theDevelopment of Computer-Based

Instructional Systems

Town and Country HotelSan Diego, California

October 29 - November 1, 1990

Edited byDavid W. Dalton

Kent State University

ADCIS InternationalRamseyer Hall

The Ohio State UniversityColumbus, OH USA

(614) 292-4324UNIVERSITATSBlBLIOTHtK

HANNOVER

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©ADCIS. No portion of this document may be reproduced in any format without the express writtenconsent of the Board of Directors of the Association for the Development of Computer-BasedInstructional Systems or their duly appointed designee. &9

TIB/UB Hannover127 643125

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Selected Abstracts

Special Interest Group for Academic Computing (SIGAC)

Computer Inventories are Valuable BenchmarksElisabeth M. Craig, The University of Tennessee at Chattanooga 2

Instructional Computing Laboratory ProjectDavid W. Dalton, Kent State University 2

Technological Solutions: Faculty + Instructional Designer = High-Quality ProductCarol A. Dwyer, Pennsylvania State University 3

Lessons Learned While Developing a University Academic Computing PlanPeter C. Issacson, University of Northern Colorado 3

HyperCard in Higher Education: Successes, Challenges, and Strategies for UseAnnette Lamb, University of Toledo 4

Instructional Design for Computer-Mediated CommunicationMaurice Mitchell, University of Nevada System Computing Services 4

Authoring Templates in PILOT: Assisting More Faculty with Fewer ResourcesBarbara A. Polka and Marilynne W. Stout, Penn State University 5

An Update on The Model Classroom Project at Penn StateLawrence C. Ragan, Pennsylvania State University 5

100% of Empire State College Faculty are Involved in Computing: This is How We Did ItCarol A. Twigg, Empire State College 6

The Maryland Nuclear Science Baccalaureate Degree Program: On-Site, On-Line, On-TimeMarcia A. Whitney, Thomas A. Janke, University of Maryland; and J. Robert Mueller,Wisconsin Public Service Corporation 6

Instructional Computing Strategies: Creativity on CampusLaura Yordy, University of North Carolina at Greensboro 7

Special Interest Group for Computer-Based Training (SIGCBT)

Methodologies for Design and Production of CBIAndnSBoder, Project Start Up 10

Ergonomic CBTKay Bonham, Goal Systems International 10

An Example of a Cooperative Effort Between Industry and AcademiaJerry L. Brown, Hewlett-Packard Company; aud Emile Attala, California Polytechnic State University 11

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Sometimes the Most Cost Effective Training Is...No TrainingCharles C. Buchanan, United Airlines 11

Computer-Based Instruction for Teaching English as a Second Language in TaiwanLih-Juan Chanlin and Thomas C. Reeves, University of Georgia 12

Combining Accelerated Learning and Computer-Based LearningFrank Clement, Boulder Center for Accelerated Learning; and Chuck Buchannan, United Airlines 12

Implementing the Advanced Qualification Program (AQP) Fokker-100 (F-100)Pilot Training at American AiriinesAngela G. Coburn and Janet A. Wise, American Airlines 13

Evaluation of an Instructional Design Workstation at Multiple SitesKent L. Gustafson and Thomas C. Reeves, The University of Georgia; and Alberta Wray, Apple Computer... 13

Can Computer-Based Training be Fun? ARCO Thinks SoConnie Haskell, Digital Equipment Corporation 14

Building a Consortium to Produce A Computer-based Learning Module: Concepts versus ExperienceBrian E. Heckman, COMET 14

ISD & SDLC: Similar Tunes, Different LyricsMichael J. Hillelsohn, McDonnell Douglas Space Systems 15

"ThreatBusters" Computer-Based Instructional GameJohn W. Keller and John A. deVries, Los Alamos National Laboratory 15

Conducting and Using a Task Analysis to Focus Computer-Based Training MaterialsFrederick G. Knirk, University of Southern California; and Daniel Christinez,Navy Personnel Research and Development Center 16

Just in Time TrainingJudith Morel, Marc Hopkins and Melissa Berkowitz, Tandem Computers 16

Information Requirements for Learner-Controlled CAIJames R. Okey and Marshall G. Jones, The University of Georgia 17

Writing CBTfor Profit - The Practitioners'MethodJeff Oliver, Castle Learning Systems Ltd 17

Computerized Certification Exams for Reactor Operators at the Advanced Test ReactorL. W. Peterson and Lee. Ann R. Summers, EG&G Idaho Inc 18

A Review of Cooperative, Competitive, and Individualistic Goal Structures asApplied to Computer-Assisted InstructionGary C. Powell, University of Georgia 18

Development of Integrated Training SystemsMichael Reakes, Hughes Training Systems 19

Evaluation of CBTin AccountingThomas H. Rowley, Georgia State University 19

CBT DownundenA Report on the 1990 Australian CBT ConferenceRod Sims, University of Technology, Sydney 20

Selecting An Authoring System: Tradeoffs, Compromises, and ConsequencesLinda S. Stanley and James R. Okey, University of Georgia 20

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Integrating Relational Database Principles into CBT Authoring EnvironmentsJanet A. Wise, R. Ken Brownlow, and Angela G. Coburn, American Airlines 21

Using Autodesk Animator™ in Computer-Based Training MaterialJulian Wakeley, Abbey National pic 21

Rapid Prototyping Methodologies for Computer Based Instruction: Two ExamplesS. Wang, University of Colorado; D. Wunderlich, McAir Corp.; and D. Owens, and UCAR-COMET 22

Integrating Relational Database Principles into CBT Authoring EnvironmentsJanet Wise, Ken Brownlow, and Angela Coburn, American Airlines 23

How to Talk to a Subject Matter ExpertLarry E. Wood and John M. Ford, Brigham Young University 23

Special Interest Group for Elementary, Secondary,and Junior College Education (SIGELSECJC)

An Environment to Learn ArgumentationAndnS Boder, Project Start Up 26

Logo Instruction and Students' Ordered Trees of Programming ConceptsGregg Brownell, Bowling Green State University; and Dieter Zirkler, Mead Corporation 26

CAI Design for MetacognitionBernard J. Dodge, San Diego State University 27

A Media Center for the 21st CenturyVicki Durbin and Donna Schell, Yavapai School 27

Computers, Critical Thinking, and Freshman CompositionRex Easley and Gary Vaughn, University of Cincinnati.... 27

The Computerized Writing Classroom and "High-Risk" LearnersRex Easley and Gary Vaughn, University of Cincinnati 28

Computer-Assisted Instruction on the Mac IIMary M. Finnen, Steven M. Lawton, Bryce Bate, Kathleen Davey, William Jensen,and Russell Skavaril, The Ohio State University 28

Hispanic Math Project: A Multimedia Learning StationWayne Hartschuh and Rocio Sanchez, Arizona State University 29

Factors Influencing the Adoption and Implementation of an InnovationFrances Hensley, The University of Georgia 29

Personal and Academic Applications of HyperCard: A High School CourseAnnette Lamb, University of Toledo 30

Managing the Computer-Based ClassroomFrederick Knirk and Mary Pinola; University of Southern California 30

Computers in Education: A Graduate Program DesignLynne Levy and Louis Molinari, Glassboro State College 31

Which Parents Send Their Young Ones to Computer Classes and WhyCharlotte Scherer, Bowling Green State University 31

The Taliesin Project: Integrated Curriculum Using HypermediaEric E. Smith, University of Northern Colorado; and John Redman, Hewlett-Packard Company 32

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French and German Diction: Designing an Adaptable HyperCard StackJames T. Talley and Donna E. Williams, The Ohio State University 32

Instructional Transformation Through Instructional Technology: A Model for ChangeRobert Wambaugh, Pennsylvania State University 33

Moving Stand-Alone Courseware into a Managed SystemPaul Wieser and Eileen Wilkie, MECC 33

Special Interest Group for Emerging Technologies (SIGET)

77je Effects of Access to Simultaneous Integrated Information Systems on LearningRuth Curtis and Barbara L. Grabowski, Syracuse University 36

SNOWMAN: A System for Knowledge ManagementJohnM. Ford and Larry E. Wood, Brigham Young University 37

Adding a Hypermedia Interface and Help System to an Expert System AdvisorR. Scott Grabinger and David H. Jonassen, University of Colorado at Denver 37

Emerging Technologies and Learning Environments: From Instruction to Learner Centered ModelsMichael J. Hannafin and James Gall, Florida State University 38

Integrating Hypermedia and Knowledge-Based System Technologies forTraining and Information DisseminationFrancis A. Harvey, Lehigh University 39

New Directions in Human Factors for Interface DesignHueyching Janice Jih and William H. Wheeler, Jr., University of Georgia 39

The Physics Tutor: Building an Intelligent Tutor from Hypertext and Expert SystemsDavid H. Jonassen and Sherwood Wang, University of Colorado 40

Desktop Presentations: Tips for Using HyperCard as a Presentation ToolAnnette Lamb, University of Toledo 41

Integrated Performance Support SystemsKathleen Long, Jan Hermanns, and Clarence J. Ross, Anderson Consulting 42

Formal Initial Steps in the Development of Expert Systems CoursewareBrother Matthew Michelini, Manhattan College 42

Special Interest Group for Education of the Handicapped (SIGHAN)

Networks for Learning in Groups: Results with High-Risk High SchoolersSteven L. Robinson, Wilder Research Center 44

Special Education Technology Resource Center: A Report on the Use of CBI to Train Special EducatorsMarshall G. Jones, Gary E. Ross, and John Langone, University of Georgia 44

Special Interest Group for Health Education (SIGHEALTH)

Emulated Oral Examinations: Experiences and ProjectionsMichael Anbar and Ada Anbar, State University of New York at Buffalo 46

NutriSmart: An Intelligent Nutrition Analyst and Advisor for Health Care ProfessionalsWm.J. Fetter and SarojM. Bahl, University of Texas, Health Science Center 46

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Anaerobe Detective: An Intelligent Simulation Adventure GameWm. J. Fetter, Paul G. Engelkirk, Janet Engelkirk, University of Texas Health Science Center 47

Pediatric Resident Satisfaction with Natural Language Interface in a Computer SimulationMichael Foulds and Janise Richards, University of Texas Health Science Center 47

Student Attitudes Towards CAI in Gross AnatomyAnthony J. Frisby, Ohio State University 48

Design Considerations and Subject Matter Expert Interaction for Developing IVD/CBT SimulationsTessie Hernandez and Jo Ann Crystal, JWK International, Inc 48

Using CAI and IVD Applications to Design Non-TraditionalTeaching/Learning Strategies for Use in a Nursing CurriculumMary R. Price, Hunter-Bellevue School of Nursing 49

Evaluating Health Science Interactive Video Courseware: Instructional CriteriaJames P. Randall, Widener University 50

Defibrillation SimulationJohn A. Stewart, Health Science Consortium 50

Special Interest Group for Home Economics Education (SIGHOMEC)

A Wrinkle in Time: Or Using CAD as a Tool in the Design of Apparel Based on Historic Time PeriodsDiane Davis, Valparaiso University 52

Computerizing Fashion MerchandizingNina J. Dilbeck, California State University, Fresno 52

The Design of a Database for an Historic Costume Collection CatalogFrances W. Mayhew, University of Delaware at Newark 53

Customizing CAD Software for Apparel Design and ProductionPhyllis Bell Miller, Mississippi State University 53

Computer Applications in the Field of Home Economics and DesignSusan Winchip, Illinois State University 54

Special Interest Group for HyperMedla Education (SIGHYPER)

An Expert Systems Approach to HyperMediaMark Chignell, University of Southern California 56

Using Linkway in the Design of Concept LessonsGayle V. Davidson, Deb Dorman, and Paul Fayfich, The University of Texas at Austin 56

Designing Hypermedia Training Materials to Optimize LearningFrancis A. Harvey, Lehigh University 57

Disappearing Ducks: Problem Solving Using HypertextBeth Huning, Richardson Bay Audubon Center & Sanctuary 57

Collaborative Annotation ofaHyperbook on Hypermedia DesignDavid H. Jonassen and Sherwood Wang, University of Colorado at Denver 58

Selecting Media for Use in Educational HyperMedia ApplicationsDavid C. Klugh and Francis A. Harvey, Lehigh University 58

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Expanding Pedagogical Horizons with a Hypermedia Classroom Presentation SystemMichael A. Kolitsky, California Lutheran University 59

Hyperties®: A HyperMedia Authoring ToolCharles Kreitzberg, Cognetics Corporation; and Janis Marariu, University of Maryland 59

Information Exploration-Based Instruction: Guidelines for HyperCard Stack DevelopmentAnnette Lamb, University of Toledo 60

The Word LearnerHenrykR. Marcinkiewicz, Pennsylvania State University 60

Design of HyperText: The Effects of User Control and PracticeDiane McGrath, Kansas State University 61

HyperCard Design and Field Dominance of the DesignerHilary McLellan, Kansas State University 61

Starting from Scratch: HyperMedia in the ClassroomLouis Molinari and Lynne Levy, Glassboro State College 62

Interaction Instruction Development using PC ToolBoxClaude Ostyn, Asymetrix Corporation 62

The HyperCard and QUEST Authoring Environments: Two Approaches toCBI Courseware Development for the "Novice"Steve Purcell 63

The Evolution of a HyperCard Stack: Negotiating Spanish WeedsLawrence C. Ragan, Pennsylvania State University 63

A PODIUM for Teaching PhilosophyDonald Scherer, Bowling Green State University 64

Hypermedia, Critical Thinking, and Diagnostic Simulations in the Health Sciences: A Development ModelElwin R. Tilson, Armstrong State College 64

Special Interest Group for interactive Video and Audio (SIGIVA)

Platform Independent Authoring and Delivery of Interactive MultimediaMichael W. Allen, Authorware 66

You've Got a Friend in the Interactive Business: Programming the Amiga for Interactive VideoJ. Wesley Baker, Cedarville College 66

Translating and Repurposing Videodiscs: The Development Process in TaiwanJiin-Tian Chyou, Tamkang University; and Bor-Nian Chang, ISTEC 67

The Application of Formal Design Theories to the Production of Video/CBI Instructional SystemsCharles R. Dills and Alexander Romiszowski, Syracuse University 68

Steps for Developing A.vard Winning Interactive Video ScriptsDeidre Emery and Steven Holder, Southwestern Cable 69

Health Physics Technician Computer-Based TrainingKay Houghton and Lois Spangenberg, Los Alamos National Laboratory 69

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IVD/CAI for the Teaching of Intermediate Level LanguageAnita M. Knisbacher, US Department of Defense 70

Design, Production, and Use of a Vertebrate Embryology VideodiscMichael A. Kolitsky, California Lutheran University 70

Developing Multimedia Training ToolsHelen B. Miller and Andy McGuire, Clemson University 71

Videodisc-Based Health Promotion: Education Plus Motivation in Smoking CessationJohn Noell, Anthony Biglan, and Don Hood, Oregon Research Institute 71

Ensuring Instructional Soundness Through Sound EvaluationWilliam W. Lee and Kenneth H. Roadman 72

An Instructional Design Model for the Design and Development of Interactive Videodisc ProjectsWilliam D. Milheim and Harold J. Bailey, Bloomsburg University 72

A Videodisc for the Teaching of French Language and CultureDonna Mydlarski, The University of Calgary 73

Effects of Variations in Lesson Control on Children's Curbsity andLearning About Art From Interactive VideoMarilyn Johnstone Plavocos, Syracuse University 74

Results of the Field Test Evaluation of an Interactive Videodisc Science Curriculum with a Focus onStudent and Teacher Perceptions and ImplementationWilhelmina C. Savenye, The University of Texas at Austin 74

Teaching Interactive Video Design and Development: Methods and ModelsWilhelmina C. Savenye, The University of Texas at Austin 75

Individualizing Interactive Videodisc InstructionKaren Tichy, Illinois Institute of Technology 75

Evaluation of a Labor and Delivery Videodisc SimulationElizabeth E. Weiner, Barbara Gilman, and Jeffry Gordon, University of Cincinnati 76

Students as Producers: A Multi-Media Project for Middle School Mathematics,Science, and Social StudiesMichael Young, University of Connecticut; and William Corbin and Susan Williams, Vanderbilt University. 76

Special Interest Group for Management Issues (SIGMI)

An Experiential Framework for Evaluating SimulationsWayne Anderson, JWK International 77

Teamwork: Group Development of CBTKay Bonham and Karen Droms, Goal Systems International 77

Outgrowing the Cottage: Developing Computer-Based Training on a Large ScaleRobert C. Fratini, AT&T National Product Training Center 78

Development and Implementation of a Computer-Based Data ManagementSystem for Novice Computer UsersFrancis Hensley, University of Georgia; and Chris Peters, Clemson University 78

Managing Conflict in CBT ProjectsJames R. Hutton, J.R. Hutton & Associates 79

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Case Materials for Management TrainingFrederick G. Knirk, University of Southern California;and DeLayne Hudspeth, University of Texas at Austin 80

The Cost of NOT Training with ComputersFrederick G. Knirk and Mary Pinola-Kenny, University of Southern California 80

The Role of the Subject Matter Expert in the Development of CBTHenry H. McCaslin, Jr. and Patricia M. Boord, FBI Academy 81

Evaluating Training and Development Personnel: Methods, Levels, and Pitfalls

William H. Wheeler, Jr., The University of Georgia 81

Special Interest Group for Music Education (SIGMUSIC)

Development of a Computer-Based College Pitch Matching TestIoanna E. Etmektsoglou, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign 84

The Use of Interactive Videodisc in Acquiring Music Teaching CompetenciesMary A. Leglar and Robert W.Placek, The University of Georgia 84

MusiCAT: An Adaptive Testing Program to Assess Musical AbilityWalter P. Vispoel, Don Coffman, and Dawn Scriven, The University of Iowa 85

Using CD-ROM and CBT to Develop Listening Skills

Ernest Woodruff and Phillip Heeler, Northwest Missouri State University 86

Special interest Group for PILOT (SIGPILOT)

Integrating PC-PILOT with Expert Systems: Graphics, Editing, and ConsultationPing-Cheng Chao, University of Georgia 88

Simulating Dynamic ECG Tracings with PC/PilotJohn A. Stewart, HealthWare Corporation 88

Creating a Structured PILOT CAI LessonMarianne E. Yoder, Northern Arizona University 89

Special Interest Group PLATO Users' Group (SIGPUG)

Lessons Learned in Applying NovaNET to Alternative Education(Basic Skills Deficient and Dropout Students)A. Sidney Alpert, University Communications, Inc 92

Innovations in Trans-TUTORRichard W.Blomme 92

How to Deliver Independent Study (Correspondence) Courses via NovaNETBruce A. Cameron 93

NovaNET Showcase

Celia Kraatz, University of Illinois 96

Special Interest Group for Theory and Research (SIGTAR)

Designing the User Interface as Genre: Restricting Context for Meaning and BehaviorTerence C. Ahern and Jamie Myers, The Pennsylvania State University 96

Using CAI to Increase Flexibility in Problem-SolvingTerence C. Ahem and Fernando Senior, The Pennsylvania State University 96

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Screen Design: Location of Information and Its Effects on LearningMacarena Aspillaga, Westlake School; and Zhongmin Li, Utah State University 96

Paraphrasing in CAICatherine Augustine and Kyle L. Peck, Pennsylvania State University 97

A Study of the Effects of Organizational Cues, Global Item Placement, andAdministration Medium on Item Response Patterns of a Course Evaluation InstrumentMary J. Boyce, Texas A&M University 97

A Model for Computer-Mediated Cooperative Learning: Research Findings and IssuesDavid W. Dalton, Kent State University 98

The Relationship Among Learning Styles, Attitudes, andStudent Performance in a Computer Applications CourseGayle V. Davidson and Wilhelmina C. Savenye, The University of Texas at Austin 98

The Relationship Between Task Analysis and Knowledge AcquisitionCharles R. Dills and Alexander Romiszowski, Syracuse University 99

Learning from HyperMedia: Is This an Information, Instructional, or Learning Medium?Barbara L.Grabowski and Ruth V. Curtis, Syracuse University 100

CBI Techniques for Encouraging Active Mental ProcessingBarbara L. Grabowski and Eileen Schroeder, Syracuse University 101

The Model of a Pedagogue in a Computer-Aided Elementary School Science LessonKathleen McDermott Hannafin and James E. Gall, Honda State University 102

The Design and Development of a Computer-Based Learning Skills Program:An Example of Instructional and Motivational Design Models in ActionAtsusi Hirumi, Florida State University 103

Towards a Multifaceted Theoretical Framework for Computer-Enhanced Learning EnvironmentsMichael J. Jacobson and Jihn-Chang Jehng, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 104

ERIC: What Is It and How to Use ItJane Klausmeir Janis, ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources 104

The Effects of Audio in CBI on ReadingWilliam E. Johnson and Gregory C. Sales, University of Minnesota 105

Conveying Structural Knowledge in Hypertext Knowledge BasesDavid H. Jonassen and Sherwood Wang, University of Colorado at Denver 105

Computer-Based Instruction in the Developing Countries:A Research-Based Model for Development and ImplementationMarshall G. Jones, Steven W. Harmon, Thomas C. Reeves, University of Georgia 106

Prescriptive Strategy Analysis: Progress Report of the Second Generation ID Research ProgramMark K. Jones and M. David Merrill, Utah State University 107

Computer-Based Interactive Video: Potentials and Lessons From Past ResearchKaren Lee Jost, Syracuse University 107

Intelligent Tools for Instructional DesignZhongmin Li and Mark K. Jones, Utah State University 108

Knowledge Acquisition and Analysis: Progress Report of the Second Generation ID Research ProgramZhongmin Li and M. David Merrill, Utah State University 108

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Feedback Induced Cognitive Dissonance and Its Effect on Learning and RetentionJoseph A. Marrone and Kyle L. Peck, Pennsylvania State University 109

Establishing and Maintaining a Professional Knowledge BaseThrough Extended Computer-Managed PracticeKyle L. Peck, Pennsylvania State University 109

Instructional Theory into Practice: Instructbnal ModelsFranklin C. Roberts, Western Washington University; Peter J. Rizza, Princeton Center for Education Services;Thomas Reeves, University of Georgia; andLynn Misselt, Authorware, Inc 110

Knowledge Acquisition Systems Based Upon StructuredCommunications and Pattern Noting TechnologiesAlexander Romiszowski and Charles R. Dills, Syracuse University 110

Enhancing Performance Through Human and Automated CoachingAllison Rossett, San Diego State University I l l

Computer Anxiety: OverviewMioko Saito, University of Oklahoma I l l

The Effects of Advisement on Achievement in Learner-Controlled InstructionRowena S. Santiago and James R. Okey, The University of Georgia 112

CAI Menus as Lesson Structuring DevicesRobert L. Schuerman and Kyle L. Peck, Pennsylvania State University 112

The Influence of Grade Motivation in a HyperMedia Learning EnvironmentTom Sextro, John B. Brungardt, and Jack Byars 113

Wait Time and Guidance in Interactive Videodisc InstructionEric E. Smith, University of Northern Colorado 113

Design-by-Analogy: An Alternative ApproachSteven D. Tripp, University of Kansas 114

The Effects of Verbal and Visual Metaphors on Learning from a Hypertext Bilingual DictionarySteven Tripp and Warren Roby, University of Kansas 114

A Holistic Model for Interactive Instructional Evaluation: Theory and Two CasesSusan A. Tucker and John V. Dempsey, University of South Alabama 115

A Comparison of Two Content Sequencing Theories Applied to Hypertext-Based InstructionKathleen Kemps Wagner, University of Northern Colorado 115

The Presentation and Organization of Menu Items According to Novice and Expert Users' NeedsLinda M. Wang, University of Georgia 116

Cooperative Learning, Interactivity, and Young Adults:Evaluating Strategies for Students College Age and OlderWilliam H. Wheeler, Jr., The University of Georgia; and Linda M. Conn, Valdosta State College 116

An Informal Model of the Human-Computer Interface: Process, Errors, and InteractionWilliam H. Wheeler Jr. and Hueyching Janice Jih, The University of Georgia 117

Special Interest Group for Telecommunications (SIGTELE)

Educational Telecommunications and the Chicken and Egg ProblemBemie Dodge, San Diego State University 119

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Telecommunications for Training: A TutorialThomas Downey, Boeing Commercial Airplane Group 119

New Pathways to a Degree: Using Technologies to Open the CollegeStephen C. Ehrmann and Michael Strait, Annenberg/CPB Project 120

An Exploration of Social and Intellectual "Connectedness" Through Electronic Mail in Higher EducationBarbara L.Grabowski, Syracuse University; and R. Scott Grabinger, University of Colorado at Denver 121

Computer Mediated Communication: A Hypertext Approach to Stnjcturing Distance SeminarsAlexander Romiszowski, Karen Jost, and E-Cheol Chang, Syracuse University 121

Will the Campus of the Future Have a Campus? The Impact of Telecommunicatbnson Restructuring Education and TrainingCarol A. Twigg, Empire State College 122

A Cost Effective Alternative to Video TeleconferencingLinda M. Wang, University of Georgia 122

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Selected Formal Papers

Special Interest Group for Academic Computing (SIGAC)

Network Technology: Its Implications Toward Education and Its ImplementationBlair R. Bernhardt, Lehigh University; and Denise LePage, Muhlenberg College 124

Special Interest Group for Computer-Based Training (SIGCBT)

Computer-Based Training Among Top American BanksHarold F. Rahmlow, Rahmlow Associates; and Pamela S. Wolf, Automated Financial Systems 128

The "At-Risk" Adult Learner: Definition and SolutionsJennifer G.Rudd,EG&G 135

Choosing Options for Instructional Design ToolsSherwood Wang, University of Colorado; Dana Wunderlich and P. Duchastel, Me Air Corp 141

Special Interest Group for Elementary, Secondary,and Junior College Educators (SIGELSECJC)

Toward a Model Program of University-Secondary School Integration Enhanced Mathematics InstructionThrough Computer Integration: The First Two YearsM. Peter Jurkat, Stevens Institute of Technology 146

Implementing an On-Line Information "Knowledge Network" in Multi-Site LocationsJames M. King and Mary Ann Hindes, The University of Georgia 151

The Emergence of The Educational Technologist: A Standard for CertificationJamie J. Kline, Lehigh University 157

Special Interest Group for Emerging Technologies (SIGET)

Using Expert Systems Approaches to Solve Media Selection ProblemsPing-Cheng Chao, University of Georgia 168

The Instructional Developer, Expert Systems, and the Front-End ProcessCharles R. Dills and Alexander Romiszowski, Syracuse University 175

Creating Highly Interactive Lesson Material or Learning by DoingGerd Holweg and Friedrich Huber, IICM Graz University 184

QTA: An Electronic Tool for Job/Task AnalysisKay Houghton and Jay Fries, Los Alamos National Laboratory 192

Machine-Readable Courseware Modules for Introducing Expert SystemsLarry Press, California State University, Dominguez Hills 199

Special Interest Group for Health Education (SIGHEALTH)

The Use of Course of Action to Develop Five Units of Instruction in a Cardiovascular Systems CourseRichard S. Hannah and Peter H. Harasym, University of Calgary 206

An Interactive Video for Teaching Surgical SkillsRichard S.Trynda, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center 210

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Special Interest Group for Home Economics (SIGHOMEC)

Using Computer Spreadsheets for Instruction in Cost Control Curriculum at the Undergraduate LevelJames Buergermeister, University of Wisconsin, Stout 214

Comparison of Training Received and Difficulties EncounteredDuring Computer Conferencing by Undergraduates in Consumer EconomicsJames L. Morrison, University of Delaware; and Pamela P Morrison, Goldey Beacom College 221

Home Economics Teacher Educators' Perceptions of Computer CompetenceCecilia Thompson, Dale E. Thompson, and Lori Shimoura, University of Arkansas 224

Special Interest Group for HyperMedia (SIGHYPER)

Programming Techniques for Interactive Concept Development in HyperCardJames Baggott and Sharon Dennis, Hahnemann University 230

Hypermedia for EducationAnn Barron and Donna Baumbach, University of Central Florida 246

Design Techniques for Ensuring Structure and Flexibility in a Hypermedia EnvironmentSharron J. Love, Chris M. Chapman, Jocelyn D. Ten Haken, The University of Michigan Medical School...252

Teachers as HyperCard Authors: What Can They Do?Carolyn Rude-Parkins, University of Louisville; and Marjorie Maynard, Jefferson County Public Schools....261

Structuring Knowledge for Hypertext-Type Information AccessDoris Smith Shaw, US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory 266

Special Interest Group for Interactive Video and Audio (SIGIVA)

Prototyping Interactive Exhibits for Museums: A Case StudyBrockenbrough S. Allen and Nanette Sterman, San Diego State University 273

The User Interface in Interactive SystemsGreg Baur, Western Kentucky University 286

Adding Research Tools to Computer-Based Video Instruction ProgramsMary R. Hassett, Fort Hays State University 289

Are Instructional Organizers Effective When Used in Computer-Based Interactive Video?Richard F. Kenny, Syracuse University 294

DVI: What MultiMedia Developers Think About ItStve Lidard and Deborah Hix, Virginia Tech 305

Management Activities for Interactive Videodisc ProjectsHueyching Janice Jih, University of Georgia 310

Using an Expert System Shell as an Authoring Tool for Interactive Videodisc ApplicationsD.V. Pigford, Western Kentucky University 314

Special Interest Group for Management Issues (SIGMI)

Identifying Resistance to Computer-Based TrainingJohn C. LeDoux, FBI Academy 320

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Special Interest Group for Music Education (SIGMUSIC)

Creating Adaptive Tests of Musical Ability with Limited-Size Item PoolsWalter P. Vispoel and Jon S. Twing, The University of Iowa 326

Special Interest Group for PILOT (SIGPILOT)

Using Utah PILOT to Construct a CAI Program to Replace theGeneral Library Tour: An Experimental StudyV. Lonnie Lawson, Central Missouri State University 332

Special Interest Group for Theory and Research (SIGTAR)

Computer Anxiety Among Teachers in Computer Literacy Courses: Report of a Research StudyMarcia B. Cushall and Francis A. Harvey, Lehigh University 336

Instructional Groupware: Design ConsiderationsNorman R. Dodl, Virginia Tech; and Diane T. Thompson, Emory and Henry College 344

The Effective Use of the CAI Drill Designs on Students with Different Learning StylesJon-Chao Hong, National Taiwan Normal University 353

Creative Approaches to Knowledge TransferCynthia B. Leshin 357

Do Icons Improve a User Interface?Carol B. MacKnight, University of Massachusetts 362

Microcomputer-Based Instructional Simulation for Training ResearchJoseph S. Mattoon and Richard A. Thurman, Air Force Human Resources Laboratory 366

Effects of Adjunct Questions on Learning from HypertextWayne A. Nelson, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville 369

7776 Evaluation of Intelligent Tutoring Systems: A Plan and an ExampleMichael A. Orey, University of Georgia 373

How to Apply Intelligent Tutoring Principles to the Design of Computer-Based InstructionMichael A. Orey, University of Georgia 377

Computer Modeling: A Research Tool for Computer-Based InstructionThomas C. Reeves, University of Georgia 383

Theoretical Foundations of Instructional Applications of Computer-Generated Animated VisualsLloyd P. Rieber, Texas A&M University 383

Method and Frequency of Drill and Practice in Acquisition ofDeclarative Knowledge Using a Computer-Based DrillS. Del Marie Rysavy, University of Minnesota 396

The Interplay of Interactivity and Motivation in Educational SoftwareDaniel Schwartz and Jeanne Buckley, Colombia University 388

Techniques and Procedures for the Transparent Automatic Collection of Datafor Hypermedia-Based Research

William B. Story, Jr. and Francis A. Harvey, Lehigh University 393

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Management Development Training and Learning Styles:An Evaluation of the Applicability of Multimedia InstructionJames B. Wells, Benjamin H. Layne, Georgia State University; and Derek Allen,Georgia Department of Corrections 396

Special Interest Group for Telecommunications (SIGTELE)

The Use of Telecommunications Technologies in Learning Environments: Present and FutureGreg Baur, Western Kentucky University 406

An Interactive Telecommunication Network to Support Educators:A Preliminary Report on the VEIN ProjectBarbara T. Hakes and Landra L. Rezabek, University of Wyoming 409

Teaching Telecommunications: Promoting Practice and PotentialLandra L. Rezabek and Barbara T. Hakes, University of Wyoming 413

Computer Mediated Communication: A Hypertext Approach to Structuring Distance SeminarsAlexander Romiszowski, Karen Jost, and E-Cheol Chang, Syracuse University 419

Enhancing Future Educators for Integrated Distance Education WorkstationsFarhad Saba, San Diego State University 435

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