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Previous Issue: 30 June 2014 Next Planned Update: 30 June 2019

Revised paragraphs are indicated in the right margin

Primary contact: Al-Ghamdi, Fayez Hasin (ghamfh0a) on +966-13-8809618

Copyright©Saudi Aramco 2015. All rights reserved.

Materials System Specification 32-SAMSS-004 12 January 2015

Manufacture of Pressure Vessels

Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee

Saudi Aramco DeskTop Standards

Table of Contents

1 Scope............................................................. 2

2 Conflicts and Deviations................................. 3

3 References..................................................... 3

4 Definitions....................................................... 7

5 Responsibilities.............................................. 8

6 Proposals........................................................ 8

7 Mechanical Design......................................... 9

8 Nozzles and Manways.................................. 17

9 Internals........................................................ 21

10 Vessel Support............................................. 22

11 Clips and Attachments................................. 25

12 Materials....................................................... 27

13 Fabrication.................................................... 36

14 Nondestructive Examination......................... 45

15 Postweld Heat Treatment............................. 51

16 Examination, Inspection,Pressure Tests and Repairs................. 52

17 Nameplates and Stampings......................... 58

18 Coating and Painting Systems..................... 58

19 Shipping Requirements................................ 58

20 Drawings, Calculations and Data................. 62

Table 1 – Nondestructive ExaminationRequirements…………………..….……. 64

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Document Responsibility: Vessels Standards Committee 32-SAMSS-004

Issue Date: 12 January 2015

Next Planned Update: 30 June 2019 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels

Page 2 of 64

1 Scope

1.1 This specification covers the minimum mandatory requirements for themanufacture of pressure vessels (referred to hereinafter also as vessels).The requirements are in addition to and supplement the requirements of the

ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.

1.2 Vessels under the scope of this specification are purchased on a stand-alone

basis or as an integral part of a skid-mounted unit.

Note: This is applicable irrespective of the party responsible for placing the relevant purchase order (Saudi Aramco facility, LSTK contractor, sub-contractor, etc.).

1.3 This specification does not cover the following:

1) “UM” stamped pressure vessels per ASME SEC VIII D1.

2) In-service pressure vessels.

3) Devices used as an integral part of piping systems, made of what are

recognized as piping components (piping, fittings, etc.) and serve purposessuch as straining, filtering, mixing, separating, distributing, metering and

controlling flow.

4) Pressure vessels used as part of heating, ventilation and air conditioning

(HVAC) systems.

5) Compressed gas cylinders.6) All types of heat exchangers.

7) Following components of Sulfur Recovery Units: Reaction Furnace, WasteHeat Boiler (shell-and-tube heat exchanger), Sulfur Condenser and

Thermal Oxidizer.

Note: Reaction Furnace and Thermal Oxidizer shall be per ASME SEC VIII D1 withno stamping.

1.4 Steam Drum and Catalytic Converter of Sulfur Recovery Units are covered bythis specification.

1.5 Pressure vessels under the scope of this specification, having partial or completecladding, shall also conform to 32-SAMSS-031 in addition to the requirements

of this specification.

1.6 Low alloy steels for vessels intended for services within the scope ofAPI RP 934-A, API RP 934-C or API RP 934-E, shall meet all requirements of

the respective document of the aforementioned documents and this specification.

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1.7 1 Cr- ½ Mo and 1 ¼ Cr- ½ Mo steels used for vessels that are not in hydrogen

service with design temperature below 440°C, shall meet all requirements of

API RP 934-C and this specification.

1.8 Where a requirement of a licensor’s or a relevant industry standard/specificationis more stringent than that of this specification, the most stringent requirementwill govern.

1.9 Use of fitness-for-service assessment methodology to qualify vessel component(s)

that do not satisfy any of the requirements of this specification is prohibited.

1.10 A vessel that is an integral part of a skid-mounted unit shall be designed andmanufactured by a manufacturer of such unit per the relevant SAP database.

2 Conflicts and Deviations

2.1 Any conflicts between this Specification and other applicable Saudi AramcoMaterials System Specifications (SAMSSs), Standard Drawings (SASDs), or

industry standards, codes, and forms shall be in writing by the Company orBuyer Representative through the Manager, Consulting Services Department of

Saudi Aramco, Dhahran.

2.2 Direct all requests to deviate from this specification in writing to the Company or

Buyer Representative, who shall follow internal company procedure SAEP-302

and forward such requests to the Manager, Consulting Services Department ofSaudi Aramco, Dhahran.

3 References

Unless otherwise noted, materials or equipment supplied to this specification shall

comply with the applicable edition of the references listed below. The applicableedition shall be as on the project cut-off date for Saudi Aramco documents and purchase

order date for industry standards.

3.1 Saudi Aramco References

Saudi Aramco Engineering Procedures

SAEP-302 Instructions for Obtaining a Waiver of a MandatorySaudi Aramco Engineering Requirement

SAEP-347 Supplying Material from Stockists

Saudi Aramco Materials System Specifications

01-SAMSS-016 Qualification of Plates Storage Tanks and

Pressured Equipment for Resistance to

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Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

01-SAMSS-043 Carbon Steel Pipes for On-Plot Piping

02-SAMSS-005 Butt Welding Pipe Fittings

32-SAMSS-020 Manufacture of Trays and Packing

32-SAMSS-031 Manufacture of Clad Vessels and Heat Exchangers

32-SAMSS-038 Manufacture of Skid Mounted Units

Saudi Aramco Engineering Standards

SAES-A-007 Hydrostatic Testing Fluids and Lay-Up Procedures

SAES-A-112 Meteorological and Seismic Design Data

SAES-A-206 Positive Materials Identification

SAES-H-001 Coating Selection and Application Requirements for

Industrial Plants and Equipment

SAES-L-133 Corrosion Protection Requirements for Pipelines,

Piping and Process Equipment

SAES-M-001 Structural Design Criteria for Non-Building

Structures

SAES-N-001 Industrial Insulation

SAES-W-010 Welding Requirements for Pressure Vessels

Saudi Aramco Standard Drawing

AA-036322 Anchor Bolt Details

Saudi Aramco Inspection Requirements

Form 175-321900 Manufacture of Pressure Vessels

Saudi Aramco Forms and Data Sheets

SA-7919-1 Nonmaterial Requirements for Pressure Vessels

SA-9527 Pressure Vessel Data Sheet (herein referred to as

Data Sheet)

3.2 Industry Codes and Standards

American Institute of Steel Construction

AISC M011 Manual of Steel Construction

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American Petroleum Institute

API RP 520 Part I - Sizing, Selection, and Installation of

Pressure Relieving Devices in Refineries API RP 934-A Materials and Fabrication of 2 ¼Cr-1Mo,

2 ¼Cr-1Mo-¼V, 3Cr-1Mo, and 3Cr-1Mo- ¼VSteel Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-

temperature, High-pressure Hydrogen Service

API RP 934-C Materials and Fabrication of 1 ¼ Cr-½ Mo Steel

Heavy Wall Pressure Vessels for High-pressure

Hydrogen Service Operating at or Below 825°F(440°C)

API RP 934-E Materials and Fabrication of 1 ¼ Cr-½ Mo Steel

Pressure Vessels for Service above 825°F (440°C)

American Society of Civil Engineers

ASCE 7-2005 Edition Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and OtherStructures

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes)

ASME SA-20 Specification for General Requirements for Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels

ASME SA-388 Ultrasonic Examination of Heavy Steel Forgings

ASME SA-435 Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic Examination of Steel Plates

ASME SA-578 Specification for Straight-Beam Ultrasonic

Examination of Rolled Steel Plates for Special Applications

ASME SEC II Materials

ASME SEC V Nondestructive Examination

ASME SEC VIII D1 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels

ASME SEC VIII D2 Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels,

Alternative Rules

ASME B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings NPS ½ through NPS 24

ASME B16.25 Butt-welding Ends

ASME B16.47 Large Diameter Steel Flanges NPS 26 through

NPS 60

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ASME PCC-1 Guidelines for Pressure Boundary Bolted Flange

Joint Assembly

American Society for Testing and Materials

ASTM A380 Practice of Cleaning, Discleaning and Passivation

of Stainless Steel Part Equipment and System

ASTM E381 Standard Method of Macrotech Testing Steel Bars, Billets, Blooms, and Forgings American Society

for Nondestructive Testing

American Society for Non-destructive Testing

ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certification of

Nondestructive Testing Personnel

International Standards Organization

ISO 15156 Petroleum and Natural Gas Industries - Materials

for Use in H 2S Containing Environments in Oiland Gas Production

National Association of Corrosion Engineers

NACE RP0472 Methods of Control to Prevent In-Service Cracking

of Carbon Steel Welds in P-1 Materials in

Corrosive Petrochemical Refining Environments

NACE RP0590 Recommended Practice for Prevention, Detectionand Correction of Deaerator Cracking

NACE TM0208 Laboratory Test to Evaluate the Vapor-Inhibiting

Ability of Volatile Corrosion Inhibitor Materials

for Temporary Protection of Ferrous Metal

Surfaces

Process Industry Practices

VEFV1100 Vessel/S&T Heat Exchanger Standard Details

Welding Research Council Bulletins

WRC 297 Local Stresses in Cylindrical Shells Due to External

Loadings on Nozzles

WRC 452 Recommended Practices for Local Heating of Welds

in Pressure Vessels

WRC 537 Local Stresses in Spherical and Cylindrical Shells

Due to External Loadings

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4 Definitions

AARH: Average arithmetic roughness height, which is a measure of surface texture.

Cyclic Service: Services that require fatigue analysis according to screening criteria

per 5.5.2 of ASME SEC VIII D2. This applies to Division 1 and Division 2 of

ASME SEC VIII.

Design Engineer: The Engineering Company responsible for specifying on the data

sheet the mechanical design requirements for pressure vessels.

Design Thickness: Sum of thickness required to withstand all primary loads and an

allowance for corrosion.

High - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content more than 5%.

Hot Forming: Forming operations carried out at an elevated temperature such thatre-crystallization occurs simultaneously with deformation.

Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) Environment: Process streams that introduceHIC according to SAES-L-133.

Hydrogen Service: Process streams containing hydrogen with an absolute partial

pressure of 350 kPa (50 psi) and higher.

Lethal Services: Process streams containing a concentration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S)in excess of 20% volume per total volume of vessel shall be considered as lethal

service. Other services as determined by the project design may also be designated aslethal services.

Low - Alloy Steels: Steels with a total alloying content of less than 5% but more thanspecified for carbon steels.

MDMT: Minimum design metal temperature determined by the Design Engineer and

specified in the data sheet.

Nominal Thickness: Thickness selected as commercially available, and supplied to theManufacturer. For plate material, the nominal thickness is the measured thickness of

the plate at the joint or location under consideration after forming.

Pressure Vessel and Vessel: As defined in the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes.

SAP: Saudi Aramco corporate materials database that includes approved manufacturers.

Saudi Aramco Buyer: The person or company authorized by Saudi Aramco to procure pressure vessels to the requirements of this specification.

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Saudi Aramco Engineer: The chairman of the Vessels Standards Committee.

Saudi Aramco Inspector: The person or company authorized by the Saudi Aramco

Inspection Department to inspect pressure vessels to the requirements of thisspecification.

Skid-mounted Units: Self-contained units for process and utility applications (e.g., air

dryers, portable air compressors, filtering unit, nitrogen generation, dehydration, etc.)fabricated and skid-mounted in one section under the scope of 32-SAMSS-038.

Such unit consists of equipment (pressure vessels, compressors, pumps, storage tank,

etc.), interconnecting piping, electrical and/ or instrument components, and support

structures.

Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) Environment: Process streams that introduce SSCaccording to SAES-L-133.

Thick Wall: Nominal thickness of a pressure-retaining vessel’s component (shell,head, nozzle, etc.) greater than 50 mm.

Unfired Steam Drums: As defined in ASME SEC VIII D1, paragraph U-1 (g) (2).

Utility Services: Water, air and nitrogen services.

Vessel Manufacturer: The Company responsible for the manufacture of new pressure

vessels in accordance with this specification.

5 Responsibilities

5.1 The Vessel Manufacturer is responsible for the manufacture of pressure vessels,which includes complete mechanical design, Code and structural calculations,

supply of all materials, fabrication, nondestructive examination, inspection,

testing, surface preparation, and preparation for shipment in accordance with thecompleted data sheet and the requirements of this specification.

5.2 The vessel manufacturer shall neither prepare nor certify a User’s DesignSpecification.

6 Proposals

6.1 The Vessel Manufacturer's proposal shall be based on details for individualvessels and the requirements of this specification.

6.2 The proposal shall include a detailed description of any exception to therequirements of this specification.

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7 Mechanical Design

7.1 General

7.1.1 All pressure vessels shall be designed in accordance with the rules of

the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Codes, ASME SEC VIII D1 or

ASME SEC VIII D2 (herein referred to as the Codes), and the

requirements of this specification.

7.1.2 The ASME SEC VIII D1 or ASME SEC VIII D2, to which a vessel isto be manufactured, shall be in accordance with the data sheet.

7.1.3 Stress analyses according to the Code rules shall be executed by themanufacturer. A third party under full control and responsibility of the

manufacturer may execute only finite element analysis.

7.1.4 No proof testing shall be permitted unless specifically approved by the

Saudi Aramco Engineer.

7.1.5 No credit shall be given to thickness of integrally-bonded or weldmetal overlay cladding in calculating material thickness, required tosustain all primary loads.

7.1.6 Application of ASME Code Cases to the manufacturing of pressure

vessels requires approval of the Saudi Aramco Engineer.

7.1.7 Unfired steam drums shall be manufactured and stamped in accordance

with the requirements of this specification.

7.1.8 All welded joints of category A, B, C and D shall be complete fusionfull penetration welds, except for joint welds of slip-on flanges

specified per paragraph 8.1.3(d) of this specification.

7.2 Design Pressure

The value of design pressure(s) shall be in accordance with the data sheet.

Commentary Note:

Pressure is the maximum difference in pressure between inside and outside of avessel, or between chambers of a combination unit. The term internal designpressure indicates that internal pressure is greater than external pressure.The term external design pressu re indicates that internal pressure is less thanexternal pressure.

7.2.1 Unless otherwise specified on the data sheet the design pressure will beassumed to be at the top of the vessel in the operating position.

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7.2.2 Design pressure(s) acting at the bottom of vessels shall take into

account pressure heads, both static and dynamic, due to the maximum

liquid levels.

7.2.3 Design pressure differential for the partition(s) separating thecompartment(s) of multi-compartment vessels shall be as specified onthe data sheet.

7.2.4 The external design pressure and corresponding temperature shall be as

specified on the data sheet.

7.2.5 Requirements for the design of packing bed supports for vessels thatcontain packing shall be as specified on the data sheet.

7.3 Maximum Allowable Working Pressure

7.3.1 The Vessel Manufacturer shall calculate the maximum allowable

working pressure (MAWP) acting on the top of a vessel, in the hot and

corroded condition in accordance with the applicable Code.

7.3.2 The MAWP of a vessel shall not be limited by flange ratings.

7.4 Design Temperature

7.4.1 The value of design temperature(s) shall be as specified on the data sheet.

7.4.2 Where there are differences in the design temperatures for different

zones in a vessel, the extremities of these zones will be shown on thedata sheet.

7.5 Minimum Design Metal Temperature (MDMT)

The value(s) of the minimum design metal temperature (MDMT) shall be asspecified on the data sheet.

7.6 Service and Description

7.6.1 The service of a vessel; hydrocarbon, hydrogen, caustic, amine, steamor utility and whether the service is cyclic and/or lethal shall be as


7.6.2 The process description of a vessel (for examples: Amine Regenerator,

Air Receiver) shall be as specified on the data sheet.

7.7 Joint Efficiency

7.7.1 The joint efficiency shall be as specified on the data sheet.

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7.7.2 A joint efficiency of 85% or higher shall be specified for the design of

all pressure containing components of ASME SEC VIII D1 pressure

vessels.

7.8 Corrosion Resistance

7.8.1 Corrosion allowance shall be as specified on the data sheet.

7.8.2 The corrosion allowances required for tray assemblies, except for

attachments welded to pressure boundary components and intended tosupport internals, e.g., tray support rings, brackets, etc., shall be in

accordance with the requirements of 32-SAMSS-020.

7.8.3 Cladding shall be applied according to the boundaries as specified on

the data sheet.

7.9 Nominal Thickness

7.9.1 Nominal thickness of shells and heads shall not be less than the following:

a) Carbon steels, 6 mm.

b) Low chrome alloy steels, 5 mm.

7.9.2 Maximum thickness for plates used for construction of vessels under the

scope of API RP 934-A and API RP 934-C shall be limited to 6 inches

(150 mm). For vessels requiring thickness higher than 6”, forged ring

construction shall be used.

7.10 Head Types

7.10.1 Refer to the data sheet for the type of head.

7.10.2 The type of heads to be used shall be ASME 2:1-ellipsoidal or ASME

hemispherical, unless as allowed in 7.10.3 of this specification.

7.10.3 ASME dished flat heads (with knuckle) and ASME torispherical headsmay be used for only air and water services with a design pressure not

exceeding 690 kPa (100 psi).

7.10.4 One-piece construction (made from one-piece or welded multi-piece blank) shall be used for heads with nominal thickness greater than

50 mm and vessels in cyclic, hydrogen or lethal services. Other typesof head construction shall require prior approval of Saudi Aramco

Engineer as defined in this specification.

Note: Following shall be submitted to support review of the proposed multi-segment construction head:


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a) Layout of head.

b) Nondestructive examination.

c) Forming procedure and,d) Heat treatment procedure, as applicable.

7.10.5 Heads in vessels with design thickness greater than 50 mm shall be

hemispherical unless 2:1 ellipsoidal heads are deemed more economical.

7.10.6 Minimum inside radius of knuckles for conical transition sections ortorispherical heads shall be as follows:

a) Not be less than 15% of the outside diameter of the adjoiningcylindrical section with conical section of thickness more than

50 mm.

b) Not be less than 10% of the outside diameter of the adjoining

cylindrical section with conical transition section or torispherical

heads with thickness more than 19 mm and less than or equal to50 mm.

c) Not be less than 6% of the outside diameter of the adjoining

cylindrical section with conical transition section or torispherical

heads with thickness less than or equal to 19 mm.

7.10.7 Reinforcing for conical transition sections in vessels with design

thickness greater than 50 mm shall be provided by increased plate

thickness. Use of reinforcing rings is prohibited.

7.10.8 Shell-to-internal head joint shall be only any of the following details:

a) Forged junction ring according to ASME SEC VIII D2,

Table 4.2.5 - Detail 7.

b) Weld build-up construction connecting shell to internal head.

This is not applicable to vessels in cyclic service.

7.10.9 Joint details in paragraph 7.10.8 shall provide a smooth transition,

minimizing peak stress concentration effects. The inner radius

of the weld build-up and forged detail shall be minimum 1 inch.Backing strips used in fabricating the junction shall be removed after

completion of welding. All welds shall be ground smooth flush

contour of the joined parts.

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7.11 Loads

7.11.1 Wind and Earthquake Loads

a) The Vessel Manufacturer shall calculate the static effects of loads

due to wind and the effects due to earthquake loads acting on the

vessel in the operating position in accordance with the

requirements of this specification.

b) Wind and earthquake loads shall be calculated for the vessel in itserected position in accordance with ASCE 7 (2005 Edition),

using Occupancy Category IV and based on design data

corresponding to the site location per SAES-A-112.

c) Wind pressures shall be assumed to act on the projected surface

area of the pressure vessel and shall include due allowances for platforms, ladders, piping, insulation, and equipment supported

from the pressure vessel as specified on the data sheet.

d) Earthquake loads shall include due allowances for platforms,

ladders, piping, insulation, and equipment supported from the pressure vessel as specified on the data sheet.

e) The maximum allowable deflection in the corroded condition at

the top tangent line of a vessel shall not exceed 150 mm / 30 m of

height.

7.11.2 Wind-induced Vibration

1) Vertical vessels shall be checked for wind-induced vibration by

the Vessel Manufacturer for the following cases:

a) H > 30 m with H/D ratio > 15

b) W/HD² < 400

Where:

H is the height of the vessel in meters, including the supports.

D is the diameter of vessel in meters.(For multi-diameter vessels the diameter shall equal the

weighted diameter of the top third).

W is the weight of the vessel in kilograms in both theerected empty and operating conditions.

2) The use of vortex breakers or guying devices in order to maintain

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stresses, due to wind-induced vibration within allowable limits, is

prohibited.

3) The fatigue life of those vessels susceptible to wind inducedvibration shall be a minimum of one million cycles. The fatiguecurves in ASME SEC VIII D2 shall be used for the materials at

the specified design temperature.

7.11.3 Dead Weights of a Vessel

Design of vessels shall consider the following dead loads:

a) Weight of vessel including internals, supports (e.g., skirts, lugs,saddles and legs), and appurtenances (e.g., platforms, ladders, etc.).

b) Weight of vessel contents under operating and pressure testing

conditions.

c) Weight of refractory linings, insulation.

d) Weight of attached equipment such as motors machinery, valves,other vessels, and piping.

7.11.4 Piping, Equipment and External Loads

a) The Vessel Manufacturer shall ensure that local stresses imposedon a vessel due to piping (other than the dead load), equipment,

lifting, supports and other external loads do not exceed the

allowable limits in accordance with the applicable Code.

b) Refer to the data sheet for piping and equipment loads imposedon a vessel.

7.11.5 Dynamic Loads

Dynamic loads, as specified in the data sheet, are loads caused by theaction of vibratory equipment (e.g., agitators), liquid sloshing, sub-

liquid surface jets, etc.

7.11.6 Thermal Loads

Thermal Loads are loads caused by thermal transients and restraining

thermal expansion/ interaction of the vessel and/ or its support(s).

7.11.7 Buoyancy Loads

Buoyancy loads, are loads caused by external flooding of theequipment with water (e.g., vessels placed in concrete vaults).

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The vessel manufacturer shall evaluate the effect of the buoyancy

forces including the vessel anchoring.

7.11.8 Lifting Devices

Lifting devices (lifting lugs, trunnions, tailing Lugs) shall be designed

for an impact factor of 1.5 minimum. For vertical vessels, the worst

load during lifting shall be determined for positions of the vessel fromthe horizontal to the final erected position.

7.12 Load Combinations

7.12.1 All components of a vessel, including its support(s), shall be designedto withstand stresses resulting from load combinations in accordance

with, but not be limited to, those shown in Table 4.1.2 of ASME SEC

VIII D2.

7.12.2 Anchor bolts shall be designed for load combinations, based on the

allowable stress design method (Service Loads) in accordance withSAES-M-001.

7.12.3 All components of a vessel shall be designed to withstand the intendedtest pressure (full hydrostatic, pneumatic or hydrostatic-pneumatic) in

the erected position. Hydrostatic and hydrostatic-pneumatic test pressures shall include the higher value of the following:

a) Maximum operating liquid static head, including flooded condition.

b) Test water static head in the erected position.

7.12.4 Combined stresses due to test pressure, including static head, andminimum of 50% of the greater of wind and earthquake loads shall be

within the following allowable limits, based on the lowest Specified

Minimum Yield Strength (SMYS) of the materials of construction attest temperature:

1) ASME SEC VIII D2, paragraph 4.1.6.2(a) for full hydrostatic test.

2) ASME SEC VIII D2, paragraph 4.1.6.2(b) for pneumatic test and

hydrostatic-pneumatic test.

7.12.5 Loads (moments or forces) acting on a vessel due to external piping

that will affect the overall integrity of the vessel shall be added to

moments and forces due to other external primary loads (weight, windor earthquake loads). Addition of piping loads shall be based on

performing stress analysis.

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7.13 Stress Analysis

7.13.1 Where applicable, the requirements for thermal stress and fatigue stress

analyses shall be as specified in the data sheet. Analysis methods andstress combination limits presented in Division 2, Section 5, shall be

used for vessels under scope of Division 1 and Division 2. However,allowable stresses shall be taken from the respective tables of ASME

SEC II for each division for the corresponding material and temperature.

7.13.2 The Design Engineer is responsible for specifying the heat transfer

coefficients to be used for all thermal stress analysis.

7.13.3 Thermal Analysis

1) A thermal stress analysis is required for a vessel, if a thermal

gradient (calculated under steady state operating conditions and,if applicable, transient operating conditions) across any vessel

section exceeds 65°C (150°F), in a distance equal to the square

root of R times T, where:

- R is the radius of the vessel component under consideration and,

- T is the thickness of the component under consideration

- R and T have the same units.

2) As a minimum, the scope of the stress analysis shall include the

following junctures, as applicable:

- Head-to-shell

- Support-to-vessel

- Nozzle-to-shell, considering external piping loads

- Tray supports to vessel wall

3) Thermal analysis shall be based on gradients under steady state

design conditions and also, if applicable, transient design conditions.

4) Thermal gradients may be reduced to within allowable limits

with the provision of:a) Thermal sleeves in pressure-retaining components

b) Hot-box design at the skirt-to-vessel junction in skirt-

supported vessels with design temperatures greater than260°C (500°F).

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7.13.4 Fatigue Analysis

1) Scope of the required stress analysis shall be as specified in the

data sheet, in accordance with the rules of Division 2, by theDesign Engineer.

2) As a minimum, the scope of the stress analysis shall include thefollowing junctures, as applicable:

- Head-to-shell

- Support-to-vessel

- Nozzle-to-shell, considering external piping loads

- Tray supports to vessel wall

3) Analysis shall be based on the calculated number of cycles for aminimum 20-year service life, as determined in accordance with

the rules of Division 2, paragraph 5.5.2.

4) The number of cycles shall include the number of start-ups,

shut-downs, emergency shut-downs, and upset conditions.

7.13.5 Local Stress Analysis

Stress analysis due to piping, equipment, lifting, supports and other

external loads shall be completed in accordance with the procedures asdetailed in WRC 537, WRC 297 or a finite element analysis.

8 Nozzles and Manways

8.1 General

8.1.1 The quantities, types, sizes, ratings (ASME pressure classes), facings,elevations, and orientations of nozzles and manways shall be as


8.1.2 Unless otherwise specified on the data sheet, the minimum projections

for nozzles and manway necks, as measured from the outside surface

of the shell or head to the face of a flange, shall meet the followingrequirements:

a) 6 inches for NPS 6 nozzles and smaller.

b) 8 inches for NPS 8 nozzles and larger and manways necks.

c) For insulated vessels, projection shall be sufficient to allow

bolting of studs without interference with the insulation.

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d) For vessel drain connections and other connections, where a

process stream is likely to be stagnant, the projection shall not

exceed three times the connection nominal diameter.

8.1.3 Permissible types of flanges for nozzles and manways are according tothe following:

a) Forged steel long welding neck flange.

b) Forged steel welding neck flange. Such type of flange is welded to

seamless pipe, rolled plate with 100% radiography or an integrally

reinforced contour shaped forged nozzle or manway. The bore of

flange shall match the bore of nozzle and manway, as applicable.

c) Studded nozzles and proprietary designs may be offered asalternatives provided their design is in accordance with the

applicable Code and approved by the Saudi Aramco Engineer.

d) Slip-on type flange with seamless pipe nozzle necks or rolled

plate with 100% radiography is permissible for vessels, which areintegral parts of skid-mounted packaged equipment units, in only

non-cyclic air and water services with design temperature and

design pressure not exceeding 121C (250F) and 1.7 MPA

(245 psi), respectively. Slip-on flange shall be welded on thefront or face and at the back of the hub per ASME SEC VIII D1,

Figure UW-21, detail (1), (2) or (3).

8.1.4 A body flange shall be constructed of a single-piece forging.

8.1.5 Nozzles less than 2-inch NPS are not permissible.

8.1.6 Only flanged nozzles and manways shall be used.

8.1.7 1½ NPS and smaller drains and instrument connections can be usedand shall be attached to a blind flange on a flanged nozzle or manway

in other than the following design conditions and services:

a) Lethal service

b) Hydrogen service

c) Caustic serviced) Cyclic service

e) Pressure-retaining parts thicker than 50mm

f) Unfired steam boilers with design pressure exceeding 50 psi.

Attachment welds of such connections to the blind flange shall be

treated as category-D weld joint. Accordingly, attachment details and

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NDE requirements shall be similar to those required for the vessel per

this specification.

8.1.8 Vessels in services other than air and water shall be provided with aminimum 2-inch NPS flanged steam-out connection.

8.1.9 The ends of butt-welded connections shall be in accordance with

ASME B16.25.

8.1.10 The Vessel Manufacturer shall design nozzles that are required for thesupporting of mechanical mixers and shall include the additional loads

and dimensional tolerances as specified on the data sheet.

8.1.11 Minimum four gusset plates for the reinforcement of nozzles

supporting mixers shall be provided.

8.1.12 Minimum inside corner radius of integrally reinforced contour nozzles

and manways shall be 13 mm.

8.1.13 Design of flanged connections with stud bolts of diameter 1½ inch andabove shall be such as to provide clearance to permit use of a stud and bolt-tensioning device.

8.2 Reinforcement of Openings

8.2.1 Reinforcement of vessel openings shall be in accordance with theapplicable Code and this specification.

8.2.2 Thickness of reinforcing pads shall not exceed that of the vessel wherethe pad is located.

8.2.3 Use of internal reinforcing pad and internal nozzle projection is not

permitted.

8.3 Flange Ratings (ASME Pressure Classes) and Facings

8.3.1 The ASME pressure classes and facings shall be as specified on thedata sheet.

8.3.2 Bolted joints specified with non-ASME flanges shall be designed to

meet all anticipated loading conditions of the vessel.

8.3.3 Pressure ratings for standard flanges shall be in accordance with the

following:

a) ASME B16.5 for flanges NPS 24 and smaller.

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b) ASME B16.47, Series A for flanges larger than NPS 24.

8.3.4 Gasket seating surfaces shall comply with the following:

a) For spiral wound gaskets, 125 to 250 AARH, in all services,

except hydrogen.

b) For spiral wound gaskets in hydrogen service, 125 to 150 AARH.

c) The sidewalls of rings joint flanges in all services, 63 AARH.

d) For Nonmetallic gaskets, 250 to 500 AARH.

8.3.5 Machined surfaces other than gasket contact faces shall not exceed

500 AARH.

8.4 Manways

8.4.1 The number, nominal inside diameter and locations of manways shall

be as specified in the data sheet.

8.4.2 All manways shall be circular. The manway covers shall be hinged or

provided with handling davits as specified on the data sheet, accordingto PIP VEFV1100.

8.5 Attachment Details for Nozzles, Manways and their Connections

8.5.1 All nozzles and manway necks shall be attached by welding completely

through the total thickness of the vessel shell, head or nozzle wall,including any reinforcement. Backing rings used in attaching nozzles

and manways to vessels shall be removed after welding.

8.5.2 Permissible types of nozzles, manways and their connections shall beaccording to the table below.

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Design Conditions / Services Group Attachment

Figure Reference from IndicatedASME Code Section VIII

Division 1 Vessels Division 2 Vessels

Group I

a. Pressure-retaining vessel’s component(shell, head, nozzle or manway) with designthickness greater than 50 mm

b. Unfired steam boilers with design pressureexceeding 50 psi

c. Lethal, hydrogen and cyclic services

d. Openings larger than 900 mm (Note 1)

e. Design temperature greater than 400°C(Note 1)

f. Low alloy steel vessels with design thicknessgreater than 25 mm (Note 1)

g. Vessels that will undergo PWHT (Note 1)

All nozzle sizes andmanway necks

Connectionsattached to nozzlesand manways

Figure UW-16.1, details:(f-1), (f-2), (f-3) or(f-4)

Table 4.2.13, details:(1), (2), (3), (4), (5) or (6)

Group II

Design conditions and service other than thosein Group I of this table

NPS 4 and smallernozzles

Figure UW-16.1, details:(a), (a-1), (b), (c), (d),(e), (f-1), (f-2), (f-3), (f-4)or (g).

- Table 4.2.10, details:(1), (2), (3), (4), (6), (7)or (8)

- Table 4.2.11, detail (2)

- Table 4.2.13, details:(1), (2), (3), (4), (5) or (6)

Nozzles larger than NPS4 and manway necks Figure UW-16.1, details:

(c), (d), (e), (f-1), (f-2),(f-3), (f-4) or (g)Connections attached to

nozzles and manways

Note 1: Alternatively, detail per Figure UW-16.1 (g) may be used for Division 1 vessels provided that design conditions/ services per a, band/or c of group I are not applicable.

8.5.3 Integrally reinforced contour shaped attachments made partially orcompletely of weld build up are prohibited.

9 Internals

9.1 All fixed and removable internals, including trays, packing, distributors, screens,etc. shall be specified on the data sheet.

9.2 Tray rings and tray supports that are welded to vessels shall be designed by the

tray manufacturer; and shall be supplied and installed by the Vessel

Manufacturer in accordance with the requirements of 32-SAMSS-020.

9.3 The Vessel Manufacture shall design, supply and install all other internals,

except for trays, as specified on the data sheet.

9.4 All removable internals are to be designed so that they may be passed throughtray and vessel manways.


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9.5 Internal ladder rungs shall be provided by the Vessel Manufacturer according to

PIP documentVEFV1100.

10 Vessel Support

10.1 General

10.1.1 Refer to the data sheet for the type of support.

10.1.2 Supports shall be designed to prevent excessive localized stresses dueto deformations produced by the internal pressure, primary loads and,

if applicable, thermal gradients in the vessel and support system.

10.1.3 Vessel shall be designed as a self-supporting unit in accordance withthe requirements of the applicable Code and AISC.

10.1.4 All supports shall be continuously welded to the vessel.

10.1.5 The material of anchor bolts shall be in accordance with this specification.

10.1.6 Base plates shall be designed by the Vessel Manufacturer for allloading conditions in accordance with this specification.

10.1.7 The allowable concrete bearing stress to be used for the design of base

plates shall be 8300 kPa.

10.2 Supports for Vertical Vessels

10.2.1 The data sheet shall specify the type, location and overall dimensionsrequired for the design of supports for vertical vessels.

10.2.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall design all supports required, including

skirts, legs, lugs, base plates, number of anchor bolts in accordancewith the data sheet.

10.2.3 Skirts shall have a minimum thickness of 6 mm.

10.2.4 The mean corroded diameter of the shell and the mean diameter of the

skirt shall coincide[

rounded off to the nearest 3 mm]

, and shall besymmetrical about the vessel centerline. Exceeding this offset limitshall require prior approval of the Saudi Aramco Engineer, as defined

in this specification, supported by stress analysis.

10.2.5 Hotbox design when specified for skirt-supported vessels with designtemperatures greater than 260°C (500°F) shall be in accordance with

PIP VEFV1100 and dimensions that meet the intent of reducing the

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thermal gradient at the skirt-to-vessel junction.

10.2.6 One minimum 500 mm (20 inches) diameter skirt access opening

shall be provided for vessels with diameters equal to and larger than1200 mm. For vessels with diameters less than 1200 mm, skirt access

opening diameter shall be minimum one half of the vessel diameter.Skirt access opening diameters smaller than the above specified shall

require prior approval of the Saudi Aramco Engineer. It is the vessel

manufacturer's responsibility to determine the need for reinforcing theopening, according to the applicable Code.

10.2.7 Piping passing through skirt openings shall be adequately supported to prevent damage during shipment.

10.2.8 The Vessel Manufacturer shall provide skirt bracing to prevent buckling during shipping and lifting in the field.

10.2.9 Skirt-to-vessel juncture details for vessels with design thickness greater

than 50 mm (2 inches) and vessels in cyclic, hydrogen or lethal

services shall be only one of the following details:

a) Forged junction ring: according to ASME SEC VIII D2,Figure 4.2.4(e).

b) Weld build-up construction (connecting skirt to head): according

to ASME SEC VIII D2, Figure 4.2.4(b). (Exception: This type ofconstruction is not applicable to vessels in cyclic service and vesselsunder scope of API RP 934-A, API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E.)

c) Weld build-up construction (connecting skirt to shell): according

to ASME SEC VIII D2, Figure 4.2.4(f). (Exception: This type ofconstruction is not applicable to vessels in cyclic service and vesselsunder scope of API RP 934-A, API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E.)

d) Forged skirt-to-shell junction ring: similar to ASME SEC VIII D2,Table 4.2.5 - Detail 7.

10.2.10 Joint details in paragraph 10.2.9 shall provide a smooth transition,

minimizing peak stress concentration effects. The inner radius of the

weld build-up and forged detail shall be minimum 25 mm (1 inch).Backing strips used in fabricating the junction shall be removed aftercompletion of welding. All welds shall be ground smooth flush

contour of the joined parts.

10.2.11 Skirt-to-vessel junctures details for vessels other those specified in

paragraph 10.2.9 shall be according to any of the following:

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i) ASME SEC VIII D2, Figure 4.2.4, details (a) and (c).

ii) Details per paragraph 10.2.9.

10.2.12 Forged skirt-to-shell junction ring similar to ASME SEC VIII D2,Table 4.2.5 - Detail 7 and junctions per ASME SEC VIII D2,

Figure 4.2.4, details (a), (b), (c) and (f) shall meet the followingweld spacing requirements:

1. Adjacent edges of the head-to-shell and skirt-to-head welds shall

not be closer than the head thickness or 1 inch, whichever is greater.

2. Adjacent edges of the skirt-to-shell weld and any category-B weld

joint shall not be closer than the shell thickness or 1 inch, whichever

is greater.

10.3 Supports for Horizontal Vessels

10.3.1 Two saddles with anchor bolts shall be used to support horizontal pressure vessels. The vessel shall be fixed at one saddle support andfree to slide at the other saddle. Saddle base plates shall be in full

direct contact with the foundation.

10.3.2 The data sheet shall specify locations of the fixed and sliding saddles

and dimension from vessel centerline to underside of saddle base plate.

10.3.3 The shell shall be analyzed in accordance with the “L. P. Zick”

method. Saddle supports and the vessel shell shall be analyzed foroperating and hydrotest loads including any piping, wind or other

external loads.

10.3.4 Minimum of 10 mm thick reinforcing pad is required at the junction ofthe saddle and the vessel with all corners rounded to a minimum radius

of 50 mm.

10.3.5 The anchor bolt holes on the sliding-end saddle shall be slotted tofacilitate thermal expansion/ contraction along the longitudinal axis of

the vessel.

10.3.6 The sliding saddle height shall take into account the thickness of lowfriction sheet assembly under the sliding saddle. The low friction sheet

assembly shall be provided by the vessel manufacturer.

10.4 Anchor Bolts

10.4.1 The Vessel Manufacturer shall determine the size and number of

anchor bolts required.

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10.4.2 Anchor bolts shall straddle vessel centerlines on the north-south,

east-west axes.

10.4.3 Anchor bolts shall not be less than 19 mm minimum nominal diameter.

10.4.4 Design of anchor bolts shall be based on the following allowable stresses:

a) 0.264 of Ultimate Tensile Strength (tension).

b) 0.176 of Ultimate Tensile Strength (shear).

10.4.5 Vessels supported on skirts shall be provided with an even number ofanchor bolts with a minimum of four anchor bolts. Vessels supported on

lugs or legs shall be provided with minimum four lugs or legs and

minimum one anchor bolt per support.

10.4.6 Vessels supported on saddles shall be provided with an even number ofanchor bolts with a minimum of two anchor bolts per saddle.

11 Clips and Non-pressure Retaining Attachments

11.1 General

The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install all clips and attachments asspecified on the data sheet.

11.2 Insulation Supports

11.2.1 Support for insulation system shall be according to the data sheet.

11.2.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install supports required for

insulation.

11.2.3 The bottom heads of vertical vessels that are externally insulated shall be provided with 12 mm blank nuts. Blank nuts shall be welded on

edge and located on 300 mm square centers.

11.3 Refractory Supporting System

11.3.1 Anchoring system of refractory lining shall be according to the data sheet.

11.3.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install anchoring systemrequired for refractory.

11.4 Fireproofing Supports

11.4.1 Support for fireproofing system shall be according to the data sheet.

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11.4.2 The Vessel Manufacturer shall supply and install supports required for

fireproofing materials.

11.4.3 Vertical vessels, which are not externally insulated, shall be providedwith a 5 mm thick steel weather cap on the skirt to provide a flashing

for fireproofing.

11.5 Grounding Lugs

All pressure vessels shall be provided with a grounding lug connection weldedto the vessel support in accordance with PIP VEFV1100.

11.6 Equipment Davit

11.6.1 A davit for the lifting of equipment shall be supplied when specified on

the data sheet.

11.6.2 The davit shall be in accordance with PIP VEFV1100.

11.7 Lifting devices

Lifting devices (lifting lugs, trunnions, tailing lugs) shall be specified for vesselsto facilitate shipping and handling purposes.

11.8 Catalyst bed supports

For vessels under the scope of API RP 934-A, API RP 934-C and API RP 934-E

catalyst bed supports shall be made either by an integral forging or by weldmetal build-up on base metal. Catalyst support structures attached directly to

stainless steel weld overlay is not allowed.

11.9 Reinforcing / Wear Pads

11.9.1 Reinforcing and wear pads for internal and external welded attachmentsshall be sized to meet requirements of paragraph 7.11.4 of this

specification. Pads shall be a minimum of 10 mm (⅜") thick, but shallnot exceed the shell thickness; with all of their corners rounded to a

minimum radius of 50 mm. Distance from any edge of the attachment to

the closest edge of the reinforcing pad shall not be less than 50 mm.

11.9.2 Where no reinforcing pad is required, internal and external welded

attachments shall be welded directly onto pressure boundary of vesselsurfaces with a smooth transition, minimizing peak stress concentration

effects and facilitating nondestructive examination. Where this

construction detail cannot be met (due to only vessel geometry) forvessels with design thickness greater than 50 mm (2 inches), vessels in

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hydrogen or lethal services, wear pads per paragraph 11.9.1 of this

specification shall be provided.

11.9.3 For vessels in cyclic service no reinforcing / wear pads are allowed.Attachments shall be welded using full penetration groove welds and

smooth contour fillet welds.

12 Materials

12.1 General

12.1.1 All carbon, low alloy and high alloy steels required for pressure and

non-pressure components shall be as specified on the data sheet.

12.1.2 Prior approval by the Saudi Aramco Engineer is required for use ofalternative materials of construction for carbon and low alloy steels pressure vessels. Alternative materials must comply with all the

requirements of the applicable Code and this specification.

12.1.3 Material specifications and tests procedures for base metal and

weldments materials for 1 Cr- ½ Mo, 1 ¼ Cr- ½ Mo, 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo,

2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V shall include allapplicable requirements of this specification for ordering the materials

from the mill.

12.1.4 All materials must be clearly identified and provided with legible

original or certified true copies of Mill Test Certificates. Lack ofadequate identification and certification shall be cause for rejection.

12.1.5 1 Cr- ½ Mo and 1 ¼ Cr- ½ Mo steels with thickness exceeding100 mm (4 inches) can be used for components (shell, head, integrally

reinforced nozzles, flanges, etc.) of vessels within scope of API RP

934-C, API RP 934-E and paragraph 1.7 of this specification, providedthat fracture toughness requirements of the respective document of the

aforementioned documents and this specification can be met.

12.1.6 Use of solid high alloy steel, including austenitic stainless steels, shall

be on a case-by-case basis, with prior approval of the Saudi Aramco

Engineer as defined in this specification. Material selection shall be

based on the design temperature, minimum design metal temperatureand intended service.

12.1.7 All materials, except carbon steels, shall be alloy-verified by the

Vessel Manufacturer in accordance with SAES-A-206.

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12.1.8 Use of C-½ Mo steels in hydrogen services is prohibited.

12.1.9 Materials of construction (pressure-retaining parts of vessel and

non-pressure retaining attachments) shall be tested to verify that theirmechanical properties (strength, toughness, creep-resistance, etc.) will

be retained, considering all of the following thermal treatments thatcould affect the material:

a) All heat treatment cycles that will be required for the fabrication

of the vessel, including as applicable: normalizing, normalizing

and tempering, quenching and tempering, intermediate stress

relief (ISR), and final postweld heat treatment (PWHT),

b) Two PWHT cycles to account for future repairs and/or alterations.

12.1.10 As an alternative to material qualification requirements per paragraph12.1.9 of this specification for carbon steel standard flanges

(according to ASME B16.5 and B16.47) and nozzle pipe that do not

require impact testing, materials of construction shall have minimum70 MPa (10 ksi) over their specified minimum yield strength and

ultimate tensile strength values.

12.1.11 Forgings shall meet a material cleanliness C2/R2/S2 rating, as

described in ASTM E381.

12.1.12 Specimens for material testing shall be taken for the maximum heat -

treated thickness (T) per the following:

a) Plates

Specimens shall be taken from each plate transverse to the rollingdirection in accordance with SA-20 at the standard test locations

and at a depth of ½T location. If required, ½T specimens should

be used for hot tensile and step cooling tests.

b) Plate-like forgings (forged rings, tube sheets, blind flanges, etc.)

Specimens shall be taken from each heat transverse to the major

working direction in accordance with the material specification,

and at a depth of ½T of a prolongation or of a representativeseparate test , as defined in API RP 934-A.

c) Standard flanges according to ASME B16.5 and B16.47.

1. For flanges with T equal to or less than 50 mm, specimens

shall be removed in accordance with the material specification.

2. For flanges with T greater than 50 mm, specimens shall be

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removed in accordance with the material specification from a

production forging or a representative separate test block that

are machined to essentially the finished product configuration

prior to heat treatment. The center axis of the specimen shall be at a depth of ½T and the mid-length of the test specimen

shall be at a depth at least equal to T from any second heat-treated surface.

d) Other forgings that are contour shaped or machined to essentiallythe finished product configuration prior to heat treatment, test

specimens shall be removed in accordance with the material

specification from a production forging or a representative

separate test block. (Exception: Test specimens for 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo,2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V steels shall beremoved from only a production forging; samples shall not be takenfrom a representative test blocks.)

The center axis of the specimen for all materials taken shall be at

a depth of ½T and the mid-length of the test specimen shall be at

a depth at least equal to T from any second heat-treated surface.

e) Pipe

Specimens shall be taken from each heat and lot of pipe,transverse to the major working direction in accordance with

used material specification except that test specimens should be

taken from a depth of ½T.

f) A separate test block, if used, should be made from the same heat

and should receive substantially the same reduction and type ofhot working as the production forgings that it represents.

It should be of the same nominal thickness as the production

forgings and shall be machined to essentially the finished productconfiguration prior to heat treatment. The separate test forgings

should be heat-treated in the same furnace charge and under the

same conditions as the production forgings.

12.1.13 Layered constructions are prohibited for all vessels.

12.1.14 Materials for pressure vessels for de-aeration service shall be in

accordance with NACE RP0590.

12.1.15 Materials for vessels exposed to HIC environments shall be in

accordance with the following:

i) Shells and heads formed from plate shall be manufactured fromHIC resistant steels that meet the testing requirements of

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01-SAMSS-016.

ii) Piping components (such as nozzle/manway necks, elbow, etc.)

made from rolled and welded plate used in the manufacture of a pressure vessel within the scope of this specification shall bemanufactured from HIC resistant steels that meet the testing

requirements of 01-SAMSS-016. Wrought piping components

shall meet the requirements of 02-SAMSS-005. Forged pipingcomponents do not require HIC testing. Welded pipes shall meetthe requirements of 01-SAMSS-043.

12.1.16 Materials for vessels exposed to SSC environments shall be in accordancewith the following:

a) Standard flanges and flanged fittings (i.e., flanges and flanged

fittings under the scope of ASME B16.5 and large diameterflanges under the scope of ASME B16.47) are restricted to:SA-350 (Grade LF1 or Grade LF2).

b) Special forgings (long weld neck flanges, non-standard forged

flanges, integrally reinforced nozzles and manways, forged

Y-rings, complex forgings that are contour shaped or machined toessentially the finished product configuration prior to heat

treatment, forged butt-welded fittings, etc.) are restricted to:

SA-266 (Grades 2 or 4), SA-350 (Grade LF1 or Grade LF2) and

SA-765 Grade II.

c) Studs are restricted to: SA-193 B7M or SA-320 L7M.

d) Nuts are restricted to: SA-194 Grade 2HM.

e) It shall satisfy the requirements of ISO 15156 and NACE RP0472.

12.1.17 Low alloy steels shall not be mixed. For example, a vessel requiring1 Cr-½ Mo materials shall have all components manufactured from

1 Cr-½ Mo. (Exception: Refer to paragraph 12.1.21 of this specification forrequirements of skirts.)

12.1.18 Low alloy steels shall be specified in the normalized and tempered

(N+T) or quenched and tempered (Q+T) conditions, based on therequired mechanical material’s properties (strength, toughness,

creep-resistance, etc.) and considering thermal treatments specified in paragraph 12.1.9 of this specification.

12.1.19 Material for nameplate mounting brackets shall be of the same type

and material grade as the pressure retaining component to which it is

attached.

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12.1.20 SA-36 and SA-285 materials may be used only for pressure retaining

components of vessels in water and air services with plate thickness

not exceeding 19 mm.

12.1.21 SA-105 shall not be used for applications requiring impact testing.

12.1.22 SA-266 (Grade 2 or Grade 4) may be used for applications requiring

impact testing, provided the energy values at the impact testtemperature per this specification are satisfied.

12.1.23 Materials of supports shall be as follows:

1) Legs and lugs: same material as vessel wall base material.Supports of vessels described in paragraph 12.1.20 of this

specification may be of the same ASME material P No. as that of

the vessel wall base material.

2) Skirts: same material as the vessel wall base material for aminimum distance of 300 mm measured below the vessel-to-skirt

connection line, unless thermal calculations require additional

length. Remaining section of skirt shall be of the same material or

same ASME material P-number. For 2.25Cr-1Mo, 2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V, 3Cr-1Mo, 3Cr-1Mo-0.25V and high alloy steels remaining

section of skirt shall be of the same material or same ASME

material P-number or SA516 Gr.70. The vessel nameplate shallclearly identify the skirt material specification(s) and its extent

when the skirt is made of more than one material specification.

3) Saddles: same material as the vessel wall base material.

12.1.24 External attachments, other than those in paragraph 12.1.21 of this

specification, and internal attachments welded to the vessel shall be of

the same material as the vessel wall base material. With prior approvalof Saudi Aramco Engineer as defined in this specification, Stainless

Steel (SS) internal attachments can be welded to carbon steel pressure-

retaining parts of vessels in in environments not containing wet H2S.

12.1.25 Internal attachments to clad vessels shall be of the same material as

that of the cladding. SS 321 and SS 347 can be used interchangeably.

12.1.26 Material of construction for anchor bolts shall be ASTM A193 /A193M, ASTM F1554 Grade 36 or ASTM F1554 Grade 105 with thecorresponding material of construction for nuts according to SASD

AA-036322.

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12.1.27 Types and material specifications of gaskets shall be as specified on

the data sheet.

12.1.28 Four identical temper-embrittlement test specimens shall be installed inhydrotreating or hydrocracking reactors made of 2 ¼ Cr-1Mo, 2 ¼ Cr-

1Mo- ¼ V, 3Cr-1Mo or 3Cr-1Mo- ¼ V. Specimens shall be madefrom prolongation of a shell ring or a shell plate used for constructing

the reactor. Preparation and installation of specimens shall meet the

following:

1) Test specimens shall be prepared as follows:

a) Weld two 300 x 150 x t blocks made of the base metal

prolongation (using the same welding procedures used tofabricate the reactors) to obtain one 300 x 300 x t test block.

b) Cut the 300 x 300 x t block to four equal specimens

(300 x 75 x t) transverse to the weld joint.

c) Weld overlay each specimen from all six sides (using the

same welding procedures used to fabricate the reactors).

d) After weld overlay, test specimens shall be exposed to allthermal treatments per paragraph 12.1.9(a) of this

specification before attaching it to a structure at bottom of

the reactor in a line array with minimum 25 mm clearance

between any two adjacent specimens.

2) Fabricator shall provide full details for attaching the specimensfor prior approval of Saudi Aramco Engineer, as defined in this

specification, during detailed design phase.

12.1.29 One manual UT test block and one TOFD UT test block shall be

provided by the fabricator of hydrotreating or hydrocracking reactorsmade of 2 ¼ Cr-1Mo, 2 ¼ Cr-1Mo- ¼ V, 3Cr-1Mo or 3Cr-1Mo- ¼ V

with shell thickness greater than 150 mm. Test blocks shall be made

from prolongation of a shell ring or a shell plate used for constructing

the reactor. Test blocks shall be prepared in such a way that they can

be used to meet all fabricator’s UT calibration procedures and thatinspection according to API RP 934A, Appendix A can be performed

on site in a later date, if deemed necessary.

12.2 HIC Resistant Materials

Hydrogen Induced Cracking (HIC) resistant steel shall be qualified in accordance

with 01-SAMSS-016. HIC resistant steel shall be procured from Saudi Aramco


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approved manufacturers within a list available by the Saudi Aramco Buyer, as

defined in this specification.

12.3 Impact Testing

12.3.1 The Vessel Manufacturer is responsible of determining the required

Charpy impact energy value(s) based on the test temperature specified

on the data sheet and the purchased vessel’s component thickness.

12.3.2 Impact test temperature for a component of a vessel shall be asspecified on the data sheet.

12.3.3 Minimum acceptable Charpy impact energy values for all materials ofconstruction (base and weld metals) shall not be less than the highest

of the following applicable values:

1) 40/32 Joules for carbon steels thicker than 50 mm

2) As specified by ASME SEC VIII D2, but not less than 34/27 Joules

3) As specified by the licensor’s specification, but not less than

34/27 Joules

4) 55/48 Joules for 1 Cr- ½ Mo, 1 ¼ Cr- ½ Mo, 2 ¼ Cr- 1 Mo,2 ¼ Cr- 1 Mo- ¼ V, 3 Cr- 1 Mo and 3 Cr- 1 Mo- ¼ V steels.

Commentary Notes:

a) The first number of required energy values is the minimum average

energy of three specimens and the second number is the minimum forone specimen of the impact test results.

b) Minimum acceptable Charpy impact energy values are applicable toDiv. 1 and Div.2 vessels.

12.3.4 For Div. 1 vessels the impact testing exemptions of UG-20 (f),

UCS-66 (b) (1) and (3), UCS-68(c), UG-84 (b) (2) and by reference toTable UG-84.4 are not permitted. For Div. 2 vessels the exemptions of

3.11.2.3, 3.11.2.4, 3.11.2.5, 3.11.2.6, 3.11.2.8, 3.11.2.10, 3.11.3.1 and

3.11.4 are not permitted.

12.3.5 Impact testing is required, with no exception, for pressure vessels madeof low alloy steels.

12.3.6 Impact testing of materials and welding procedures are required when

test temperature is lower than -28°C.

12.3.7 Impact value for the weld joining carbon steel portion of skirt to lowalloy steel and high alloy steel portion shall be at least 34/27 Joules.

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12.4 All forgings shall be forged as close as practicable to finished shape and size to

develop metal flow in a direction most favorable for resisting the stresses

encountered in service.

12.5 All flanges, fittings and piping for use as integral parts of pressure vessels shall be purchased from Saudi Aramco approved manufacturers, either directly orthrough approved stockists. Procurement of these items from stockists shall be

in accordance with SAEP-347.

12.6 Elevated temperature tensile test shall be performed for 1 Cr- ½ Mo, 1 ¼ Cr-½

Mo, 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo, 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V, 3 Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V steels at

the design temperature. Test specimens should be in the maximum PWHTcondition, considering thermal treatments specified in paragraph 12.1.9 of this

specification. Acceptance value is 90 % of values listed in ASME, Section IID,

Table - U for the test temperature.

12.7 Special Testing for Steels under Scope of API RP 934-A

12.7.1 Microstructure Testing

a) Two sets of microstructures shall be provided for each forged

ring or shell plate. One set of microstructure shall be providedfor other reactor components.

b) Each set of sample shall consist of both transverse and longitudinal

direction. The Transverse microstructure shall include ID, mid

wall and OD microstructure at proper magnification to show grainstructure. The longitudinal microstructure shall include ID andOD samples at proper magnification to show grain structures.

c) Microstructure sample shall include Charpy test specimen.

12.7.2 Hardness Testing

a) Two hardness readings shall be taken on each reactor component,

which includes each forged ring, shell plate, nozzle, pipe, fitting,

and flange.

b) Test method and acceptance criteria shall follow API RP 934-A

(Second Edition, Addendum 2, March 2012), Paragraph 7.4.2.

12.7.3 Stress Rupture Test

a) Each heat of filler wire and flux combination used in production

for all weld joint categories (A, B, C and D) intended for thefollowing design temperatures shall qualified by a weld metal

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stress-rupture test on specimens machined parallel (all weld metal

specimens) and transverse to the weld axis (one specimen each):

1) Above 440°C (825°F) for 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo and 3 Cr-1 Mo steels.2) Above 468°C (875°F) for 2 ¼ Cr-1 Mo- ¼ V and 3 Cr-1

Mo- ¼ V steels.

b) Test specimens shall be according to the following:

1) The specimen diameter within the gage length shall be13 mm (½ in) or greater. The specimen centerline shall be

located at the 0.25-t thickness location (or closer to the

center) for material 19 mm (¾ in) and greater in thickness.

2) The gage length for the transverse specimen shall include

the weld and at least 19 mm (¾ in.) of base metal adjacentto the fusion line.

3) The test material shall be postweld heat treated to the

maximum PWHT condition.

c) Acceptance criteria:

1) For 2 ¼ Cr-1Mo and 3 Cr-1Mo steels, the condition of the

stress-rupture test shall be 210 MPa (30 ksi) at 510°C

(950°F). The time of failure shall exceed 650 hours.

2) For 2 ¼ Cr-1Mo-¼ V and 3 Cr-1Mo-¼ V steels, theconditio

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