3178 24 x 7 StarTeam Randy Guck Chief Scientist, DSP Borland.
Transcript of 3178 24 x 7 StarTeam Randy Guck Chief Scientist, DSP Borland.
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317824 x 7 StarTeam
Randy GuckChief Scientist, DSP
Borland
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Overview
High availability fundamentals– How available is highly-available?– High availability at what price?– Enemies of high availability
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Overview
StarTeam high availability best practices– Administrative practices– Flash (demand peak) control– Backup procedures– Redundancy– Failover and clustering– Disaster recovery and replication
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High Availability Fundamentals:How available is highly-available?
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A Distorted Term
Depending on who you ask, high availability means:– 24 x 7 uptime– Clustering– Failover– Online backups– “Five nines” or “Six sigma”– Currently not dating
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Availability by the Numbers% Uptime % Downtime Downtime
per yearDowntime per week
99% 1% 3.65 days 1 hour,
41 mins
99.9% 0.1% 8 hours,
45 mins
10 mins,
5 secs
99.99% 0.01% 52.5 mins 1 minute
99.999% 0.001% 5.25 mins 6 seconds
99.9999%
(“six sigma”)
0.0001% 31.5 seconds 0.6 seconds
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The Myth of the Nines
Most people want more than they need
Actual reliability difficult to compute (complex mathematics)
Example: 99.99% reliability (downtime=52 minutes/year) of 7 components results in 99.93% (downtime=6 hours/year).
Downtime often affected by future, unforeseeable business decisions
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MTBF versus MTTR
MTBF = mean time between failures
MTTR = mean time to repair
Availability:
A = MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)
Availability is good if MTTR is low
99.9999% availability (six sigma) =6 mins downtime in 11.4 years!
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A Better Approach
Focus on scenarios and probabilities– Examine organization’s needs– Identify possible service disruptions– Prioritize failures by probability– Address scenarios on a cost/benefit
basis– Test each failure scenario
The result is your high availability plan!
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High Availability Fundamentals:High availability at what price?
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Availability versus Investment
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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What kind of systems need the highest availability?Life-rated systems
– Space shuttle onboard systems– Emergency response systems– Command-and-control systems
High financial cost systems– Stock-trading systems– Reservation systems– Banking systems
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ALM High Availabilityin Perspective
Although ALM systems are becoming more mission-critical, they do not have the same financial or “loss of life” impact as some systems, so it doesn’t make sense to model high availability after them
Bottom line: Strike a reasonable balance between investment and high availability
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High Availability Fundamentals: Enemies of availability
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Infrastructure Issues
Hardware failures– Disk, CPU, memory, power supply,
fans, network card, motherboard, disk controller, etc.
Environmental failures– Power, cooling, fire, flood, hurricane,
earthquake, terrorism, etc.
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Infrastructure Issues
Network outages– LAN outages: switch/cable failures
(server-to-DB network segment, client-to-server network segment, etc.)
– WAN outages: VPN failure, ISP failure, physical network issues, etc.
– Service outages: DNS, DHCP, directory server, email, etc.
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Infrastructure Issues
Database outages– Out-of-disk issues, recovery time after
reboot, index corruption, etc.
Bandwidth issues– Network congestion, database
congestion, resource starvation
Denial-of-service Attacks– Viruses, worms, DDOS
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Application Issues
Application brown-outs– Locking/bottleneck issues, demand
peaks, etc.
Application outages– Hangs, fatal exceptions, out-of-memory
Scheduled outages– Offline backups, application patches,
database upgrades, etc.
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Plan of Attack
To a specific user, a service is “down” when it is not available for any reason
A comprehensive high availability plan must consider all potential outages from end-to-end, on a cost/benefit basis
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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Administrative Practices
Administrative best practices top 10 list
#10: Don’t be cheap
#9: Enforce security
#8: Centralize your servers
#7: Enforce change control
#6: Document everything
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Administrative Practices
Administrative best practices top 10 list
#5: Test everything
#4: Design for growth
#3: Choose mature software
#2: Choose mature hardware
#1: K.I.S.S.
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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Flash Control
Client/server systems have natural demand peaks
Peaks are often time-based; e.g.:– Everyone logs in the morning– Big reports launched just before lunch
Peaks are often calendar-based; e.g.:– End-of-week builds– End-of-month reports
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Client/Server Architecture
StarTeamClient
StarTeamClient
VaultVault
StarTeamServer
DB
Command API
StarTeamClient
All information is pulled by
clients using a request/reply
command API
Demand peakcongestion areas
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StarTeamMPX
StarTeamClient
StarTeamClient
VaultVault
StarTeamServer
DBMessageBroker
Event publish stream
StarTeamClient
Updated objects are pushed to
clients, preventing poll and refresh
requests, smoothing demand peaks
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New for 7.0: MPX Cache Agent
StarTeamClient
StarTeamClient
VaultVault
StarTeamServer
DB
EncryptedCache
EncryptedCache
MessageBroker
CacheAgent
File publish stream
Check-outrequests
The Cache Agent is trickled charged
with file contents, providing an alternate
check-out source for remote clients.
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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Backups for High Availability
Mirroring does not replace backups
Backups are an important part of high availability
Test integrity of backups periodically
Consider a rotating/hierarchical storage system, which can serve disaster recover scenarios
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StarTeam Backups
StarTeam 6.0 backup procedure:– Lock the server – Backup the database and vault
• Disk-to-disk and differential dumps can speed things up
– Unlock the server
Why does the server need to be locked?
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Cache Folder
Archive Folder Base version Rev 1 Rev 2 Rev 3 …
Base version Delta 1 Delta 2 Delta 3 …
Base version Delta 1 Delta 2 Delta 3 …
Base version Rev 1 Rev 2 Rev 3 …
Text files
Binary files
Full version
Full version
Full version
Full version
Full version
Full version
Full version
Full version
Uncompressed
Single VolumeSingle Volume
Single VolumeSingle Volume
Review: StarTeam 6.0 Vault
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New StarTeam 7.0 Vault
StarTeam
Server
DB
Vault
HiveHive
HiveHive
…
Hive
Index
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7.0 Vault: Inside the Hive
Cache Root
Archive Root
00/0
ff/f
subfolders
…
000a807b9f393f58a69998b2cd7db7d2.gz
000752242cc7e16d573f299a127903f2.gz
fff16c26e911ac72abad5557ac44d84c
…
compressed
uncompress
ed
MD5-based storage
uncompress
ed
00/0
ff/f
…
000a807b9f393f58a69998b2cd7db7d2
000752242cc7e16d573f299a127903f2
fffb865605a09eef1f06be92a38bc8da…
HiveHive
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StarTeam 7.0On-line Backup Procedure
The new vault allows on-line backups:
1. Backup the database on-line
2. When complete, backup archive and attachment folders 2.1 Perform full backups weekly
2.2 Perform incremental backups daily
No need to lock the server!
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StarTeam 7.0Recovery Procedure
To recover a full StarTeam configuration:
1. Reload the database
2. Simultaneously reload archive and attachment folders: 2.1 Load latest full backup
2.2 Load all incrementals since last full backup in parallel
Modify this procedure for partial recoveries
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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Reducing SPOFs
Servers– Dual power supplies, ECC/mirrored
memory, dual fans, etc.
Storage– Dual controllers, mirrored/RAID disks
Network– Dual network cards, redundant
switches, dual ISP connections, etc.
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Redundant Everything
RAIDvaultdisks
RAIDDB
disks
SwitchStarTeam Server
Database Server
dualcontrollersdual NICs
Switch
ECC memory, dual fans, etc.
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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Failover Checklist
At least two identically configured systems
Shared disks
Network connections– Heartbeat/server network– Client-facing service network– Optional: administrative network
Failure Management System (FMS)
Cluster set: app, db connections, IP address
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StarTeam Active/Passive Configuration Requirements
Each system identically configured– StarTeam release (including patches)– starteam-server-configs.xml– EventServices\<config>\*.xml– ServerLicenses.st
Access to shared vault and database
Only one instance can be running at a time
Failover time is secondary startup time
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Active/Passive Configuration
Mirroreddisks
client-facing service network
heartbeat network
Active
Server
Passive
Server
12.34.56.78
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Failover Condition
Mirroreddisks
client-facing service network
heartbeat network
Active
Server
Passive
Server
12.34.56.78X
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StarTeam and BDOC
Borland Deployment Op-Center can assist with process monitoring and restart– StarTeam Server process– MPX Processes
• Message Broker• Multicast Service• Cache Agent
– Workflow Notification Agent
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Op-Center Example
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Availability
Investment
• Basic administrative practices
• Demand peak management (flash control)
• Backup procedures
• Redundancy (no SPOFs)
• Failover management
• Disaster recovery planning
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Replication for DR
Types of replication based on latency– Synchronous: Remote site is always
up-to-date– Asynchronous: Remote site lags by a
small amount of time– Batch: Remote site receives periodic
snapshots (e.g., backups)
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Synchronous Replication
Long-distance mirroring– Fibre channel: 10km or more with
newer technologies– Variation: disk replication software
(e.g., Veritas Volume Replicator)– Advantages: real-time replication– Disadantages: cost
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Asynchronous Replication
Possible strategy for StarTeam:– Database-provided replication; e.g.:
• SQL Server “Log Shipping”• Oracle Standby Database Replication
– Continuous/incremental copy of attachment and archive files
• Exploits write-once feature of StarTeam 7.0 vault
– “Possible” because not yet in use!
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Asynchronous Replication
Advantages– Less network bandwidth needed than
synchronous replication– Database “currency” window can be
tuned
Disadvantages– Requires reliable network– Not yet tested!
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Batch Replication
Sending backups offsite– “Never underestimate the bandwidth
of a station wagon filled with tapes barreling down the highway”
– Make copies of backups or rotate backups through offsite storage
– Send backups via FedEx, UPS, Volvo net, etc.
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Batch Replication
Advantages– Reliable– Low cost– Full backups ensure recoverability
Disadvantages– Asynchronous (time lag)– Manual process (media handling)
unless network bandwidth is available
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StarTeam High AvailabilityBest Practices
Other Topics
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Other High Availability Features for StarTeam 7.0
New StarTeam 7.0 Vault– Conversion from StarTeam 6.0 vault
can occur in real-time as background or scheduled process
– Vault space can be increased dynamically by adding new hives
– Archive files can be offloaded/ reloaded dynamically
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Other High Availability Features for StarTeam 7.0
New StarTeam 7.0 Memory Management– New memory management caps
memory growth with XxxCaching values > 0 (where Xxx = Files, ChangeRequests, etc.)
– Allows the server to run for very long periods without restarting
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Summary
High availability is a cost/benefit pursuit– Review administrative practices– Smooth demand peaks (MPX)– Establish on-line backup procedures– Eliminate SPOFs– Consider clustering for failover– Create a disaster recovery plan
Document and test everything!
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References
Blueprints for High Availability 2nd Edition, Evan Marcus and Hal Stern, Wiley Publishing Inc. (2003); detailed discussion of all issues related to high availability
Applied Reliability, Paul Tobias and David Trindade, Kluwer Academic Publishers (1995); detailed mathematical treatment of failure rates and renewability
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Questions?
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Thank You
317824 x 7 StarTeam
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