31.3 Student Protest

Angela BrownChapter 31 Section 3

http://www.virginia.edu/uvatours/shorthistory/images/protest.jpg1

Bellringer:

• Think about the current decade, and suggest adjectives that might describe its particular theme or identity.

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Pentagon Papers

• Pentagon Papers – June 1971 NY Times began publishing articles based on classified government study of U.S. Involvement in Vietnam war

• Revealed that government officials had lied to Congress and American people about the war.

http://img.timeinc.net/time/magazine/archive/covers/1971/1101710628_400.jpg

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• Secret policy decisions made by presidents – military aid to France and undercover war against North Vietnam in early 1960s.

• Shocked public – boosted anti-war movement-deep divisions created within U.S.

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Student Activism

•Students led antiwar movement – students had more opportunities than ever before•1960s widening of generation gap•Civil rights activist helped organize Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) in 1960

http://www.utexas.edu/tours/nowthen/70/14_Student_protest_1970.GIF5

• Declaration of goals and principles = Port Huron Statement 1962

• Tom Hayden writer• Had a major political influence on

development of new political movement called the New Left

• believed poverty and racism called for radical change

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The Free Speech Movement

• University of California at Berkeley Sept. 1964 – Students angered when University Administrators refused to allow them to distribute leaflets outside main campus gate

• Civil Rights workers argued right to free speech being challenged

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Protest

•Continued distribution •when police came to arrest a leader students surrounded police car and kept it from moving

http://www.dailycal.org/images/art/10.04.fsm2.jpg

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•Administration tried to compromise – University governing board filed charges against some•December 1964 thousands of students took over Sproul Hall

http://www.farmingdale.edu/library/archives/culprit_1971.jpg

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Sproul Plaza

•shut down administration building•700 students arrested •some faculty and students went on strike in protest•Agitation spread to other campuses

http://www.berkeley.edu/news/berkeleyan/2001/04/images/savio.jpg10

Sproul Hall 1964

http://www.parabaas.com/PB37/CHHOBI/pNabaneeta_sproulhall.jpg11

Teach-In Movement

•Students protested American imperialism – conflict a civil war the Vietnamese should resolve•First teach-in at University of Michigan in March 1965 •Small group of faculty planned to strike in protest to war – legislature threatened to fire them

http://www.nyu.edu/library/bobst/collections/exhibits/arch/1965/65Images/Antiwarteachin.gif 12

• 50 to 60 professors decided to teach a special night session to air issues concerning the war

• Several thousand people showed up – huge success – spread to other campuses

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Student and Faculty Protest

http://www.isd77.k12.mn.us/schools/dakota/vietnam/protest1.GIF14

Resistance to War

•July 1965 President Johnson doubled draftees (In place since 1951)•doubled number again at end of year•resistance movement urged men not to cooperate with local draft board

Burning Draft Cards

http://www.cannabisculture.com/library/images/uploads/3302-Draft-dogers.jpg

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Fairness of the Draft

•People questioned morality and fairness of draft•College students could get deferment – official postponement of call to serve

http://www.maynardije.org/news/features/caldwell/Biography-TomJohnson/Tom_Johnson

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• 1966 Selective Service announced students ranked low academically could be drafted

• 1967 resistance soared – many tired to avoid draft claiming physical disability, applied as conscientious objector, others left country (50,000)

• Antiwar groups grew – marched in NY city and Washington DC – draft card burning

• 1969 – 200 major demonstrations17

• Many Americans supported Vietnam and were troubled by protestors

• They wrote letters to campus newspapers, flag decals and bumper stickers on cars “My Country Right or Wrong” “Love it or Leave it”

• Some protests violent – turned some against anti-war movement

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Dr. King •Encouraged conscientious objection to the draft.•Offered a five point plan for peaceful U.S. withdraw.•Commented that twice as many African Americans serving in Vietnam as whites.

http://www.vietnamwar.com/vietnamwarwounded2.jpg

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