31.05.2014 Seite 1 GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL PROKLIMA The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants as...

10.04.23 Seite 1GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL

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The potential for hydrocarbon refrigerants as HCFC-22 replacement in air

conditioning

Atmosphere 2009Bussels, 19-20 October 2009

Volkmar Hasse

GTZ-Proklima

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A Overview of Presentation

o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Projecto Policy Developmento Market PotentialP

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A Statement

Hydrocarbon refrigerants are an excellent alternative to HCFCs. Hydrocarbons are used safely in all walks of life from hairspray and cooking gas to fuels for cars and airplanes. Hydrocarbon based technologies have to be designed to operate safely, and they are indeed safe."

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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL April 2008

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GTZ PROKLIMA INTERNATIONAL

window unità 1 – 5 kWà 0.1 -1 kgà small rooms, hotels, homes, offices

through-the-wallà 2 – 10 kWà 0.2 – 1 kgà small rooms, hotels, offices

portableà 2 – 5 kWà 0.2 – 0.5 kgà small rooms, homes, offices

single splità 2 – 10 kWà 0.2 – 1.5 kgà small rooms, hotels, homes, offices

close controlà 10 – 100 kWà 1 - 15 kgmedium rooms, offices, public buildings, IT

Types of room air conditioning equipment


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A Room Air conditioners Worldwide

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Historical and forecast production of RAC equipment in China (for domestic

consumption)

10

100

1000

10000

100000

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Year

New

pro

duct

s (0

00's

) .

Windows/through thewall

Portables

Single splits

Multisplits

Packaged etc

Chillers

Integral cabinets

Condensing unit systems

Central systems

Increase is nearly exponential !

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Comercial refrig

Transport refrig

Industrial refrig

Stationary a/c

Mobile a/c

Foams

Fire-protect

Solvents

Comercial refrig

Transport refrig

Industrial refrig

Stationary a/c

Mobile a/c

Foams

Fire-protect

Solvents

HCFC demand (new equipment and servicing) in

A5 countries, 2009

HCFC banks in A5 countries, 2009


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o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s)o Policy Developmento Market PotentialP

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A Substitute Technologies

o R 410A: GWP 2100o R 407C: GWP 1800o R 290: GWP 3

- Technical development: energy efficiency

- Safety standards: flammability

- Comparison with R600a refrigerators:

Safety discussions 12 years ago Lessons learned?

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A Success of Greenfreeze Technology-Diffusion in China

o 1995: Company Quingdao Haier introduced Greenfreeze Technology, supported by GTZ

o 1997: Company Kelon changed its production to Greenfreeze

o 2008: 75% of Chinese production uses Greenfreeze Technology

We did it once. Can we do it again?

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A Success of Greenfreeze Technology-Diffusion Worldwide

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

1992 1996 2000 2004 2008

Prod

uctio

n (m

illio

ns o

f uni

ts)

Other

HC600a

HFC134a

CFC12

Now, even in USA, introduction of HCs in some domestics and trials in ice cream freezers and bottle coolers


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o Room Air Conditioner Situation o Substitute Technologieso GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project(s)o Policy Developmento Market PotentialP

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o Production of R290 Room air conditioners to at Gree Electric Appliances Inc

o Gree is worlds largest manufacturer of room air conditioners

o Developed range of R290 splitso Efficiency higher than equivalent

R22, R407C and R410A productso Details on the Gree AC Unit (refer to

exhibition)


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A GTZ-Proklima Demonstration Project

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o Comprehensive training for production engineers and service technicians needs to be implemented

o Marketing strategy for new models

o Prices? Every company introducing the technology will have to make serious research and development efforts to make the technology safe and cost-effective

o After mass-production starts, the prices of R290 units should however be very competitive

GREE cannot do it alone. There must be other equipment manufacturers to follow suit.


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A Emission Reduction Scenario

o Potential for China (60% of world‘s A/C production)

o Diffusion rate based on experiences with R 600a Greenfreeze technology

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A Policy Development

oOver 100 countries will place import quotas to meet 2013/2015 MP obligations

o Europe: reconsidering EN 378 o International: reconsider IEC 60335-2-40?oChina: RAC industry safety standardsoUSA: Clean Air Act / ASHRAEo Safety considerations depend on:

- appropriate industry standards- appropriate service technician education

oMontreal Protocol Example: CFC phase out

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Estimated annual (reported) emissions from China RAC equipment (no R-22)

0

50

100

150

200

250

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020

Reportin

g d

irect

em

issi

ons

(Mt C

O2-e

q) .

no substitution (HCFC and HFC)

7% substitution with NR per year

11% substitution with NR per year

o Additional emissions from each years production, eligible for reporting

o With HFCs only, emissions increase by over 10 times by 2020

o With natural refrigerants, 2007 levels are maintained by 2020


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A Policy Development

o Destruction and recycling of CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs

o Most developing countries have no facilities (too expensive, no infrastructure)

o Recovered stocks – ultimate fate is atmosphereo Entire problem can be avoided with HCs

(may be vented)

This policy situation may translate into sooner and higher market demand for natural refrigerant based solutions

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A Room Air Conditioner Situation 2009

o approx. 1 billion HCFC-22 units worldwideo about 100 million units added annuallyo average HCFC-22 charge about 1.6 kgo approx. 1’600’000 tonnes HCFC-22 contained in

existing equipmento HCFC-22 GWP: 1’810 o 2’896 Mtonnes CO2eq.o Servicing needs: approx. 800’000 tonnes/yro 1’448 Mtonnes CO2eq.

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A Market Potential

o Major development in tropical countries:- Energy efficiency, direct emission reductions

o Major countries: China, India, Gulf, ASEAN, Latin America

o LVCs: Island States, Africa o Developing gap between market demand for air

conditioners and availability of HCFC air conditioners due to freeze in 2013 and subsequent reduction steps

o Precondition: Availability of HC refrigerant gas

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[email protected]

Thank you for your interest and support

replacing HCFC 22 with an environmentally

friendly substitute

Thank You!

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