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Transcript of 31 March 2011slide 1 Assessment of performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for Plug-in...
31 March 2011 slide 1
Assessment of performances of various lithium-ion chemistries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Noshin Omar, Joeri Van Mierlo, Peter Van den Bossche
Belgian platform on electric vehicles # [email protected]
slide 1
31 March [email protected]
slide 2
Overview
Introduction Battery requirements for PHEV Test methodology Ragone plot Battery characteristics Economic and life cycle considerations Summary and conclusions
Introduction
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have received considerable attention due to: Reduce gasoline consumption Decrease green house gas emissions
31 March [email protected]
slide 3
Battery requirements
Source; 1. A. Pesaran, “ Battery Requirements for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles –Analysis and Rationale”, EVS23, 2007,
California, USA
2. P. Van den Bossche, “SUBAT: An assessment of sustainable battery technology”, Journal of Power Sources, 2005
3. J. Axsen, “Batteries for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs):Goals and the State of Technology circa 2008, May,
2008
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slide 4
Requirements Unit PHEV-40
All Electric Range Miles 40
Peak Discharge Power (10 sec pulse)
kW 38
Peak Charge Power (10 sec pulse)
kW 25
Power Discharge Density (10 sec pulse)
W/kg 320
Power Charge Density (10 sec pulse)
W/kg 310
Available energy kWh 12
Total Energy Density Wh/kg 140
Calender Life Years 15
Deep Discharge Cycles (CD mode)
Cycles 5000
Shallow Discharge Cycles (CS mode)
Cycles 300.000
Cost $/kWh 200 - 300
Test Methodology
Brand
A B C D E F G H I J
CathodeLFP LFP LFP LNMC LNMC NCA LFP LFP LFP LFP
Shape
Cyl. Pouch Pouch Pouch Pouch Cyl. Pouch Cyl. Pris. Pris.
Nom. capacity [Ah]
10 10 40 12 70 27 14 2.3 10 40
Nom. Voltage [V]
3.3 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.7 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3
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slide 5
Ragone plot LNMCO based cells: 126 – 149Wh/kg LFP based cells: 75 – 118Wh/kg LNCA: 90Wh/kg The situation regarding the power density is not clear due to the wide
range
Power density: Max. Current rate, 50% SoC, 10 sec. Pulse
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slide 6
Charge capabilities
A B C D E F G H I J
Cap. [Ah] 10 10 40 12 70 27 14 2.3
10 40
0.33C 91.5 95.9 97.0 96.8 95.0 98.4 99.0 98.2 91.8 98.7
1C 84.3 92.6 92.0 92.1 88.5 92.0 98.3 96.5 85.9 95.9
2C 80.5 90.6 87.7 89 83.5 87.2 98.3 94.3 82.2 90.1
3C 79.7 88.7 85 83.3 78.8 98.3 86.3 73.7 79.6
5C 69.6
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slide 9
Peukert and SoC
Battery Peukert Battery Peukert
A 1.012 F 0.99
B 1.014 G 1
C 1.016 H 1.002
D 1.04 I 1.016
E 1.029 J 1.43
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slide 12
, 1.
0.36001
, , . . 0
n LC t
bat s bat
bat bat
I T Iif I
C ISoC
Eff I t LC I dt if I
1.
1.3600
n
bat s batI T ISoC
C I
SummaryBattery Power density
[kW/kg]Energy density
Thermal behavior
Cost [$/kWh]
Cycle life
Weight Charge perf.(50% SoC), 90%
Eff.[Wh/kg]
[kg] at 2C [Ah/Ah]A 383.5 84 Stable 315 1000 100 80.5B 520 110 Stable 296 1000 123 90.6C 448.8 94 Stable 301 1000 177 87.7D
600.5 126Fairly stable 811 1200 129 89.0
E
258.4 149Fairly stable 417 1200 237 83.5
F
480.5 90Fairly stable 823 1000 140 87.2
G
548.4 118 Least stable 310 1000 105 98.3H 477.1 98 Stable 300 1000 96 94.3I
323.8 75Fairly stable 300 1000 126 82.2
J
319.3 102 Least stable 300 1000 137 90.1
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slide 13
31 March [email protected]
slide 14
Conclusions LNMC based cells:
Pro: higher energy, energy efficiency, SoC determination Con: thermal stability, cost
LFP based cells: Pro: high power density, favourable thermal performances,
cost Con: low energy density, lower energy efficiency, SoC
determination
LNCA in the postive electrode: Pro: high energy efficiency, SoC determination Con: low energy density, power density, less thermal
performances, cost, life cycle
Control strategy in PHEV application is a key issue
Contacts
Vrije Universiteit Brussel
Department of Electrical Engineering
Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussel
Belgium
31 March [email protected]
slide 15