30067491 1st Lecture Data vs Information

8/2/2019 30067491 1st Lecture Data vs Information

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Introduction to MIS


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Data vs. Information

Data

raw facts

no context

just numbers and

text

Information

data with context

processed data value-added to data

summarized

organized

analyzed


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DataA given, or fact; a number, a statement,

or a picture

Represents something in the real world

The raw materials in the production ofinformation

Information

Data that have meaning within a context

Data in relationships

Data after manipulation


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Data: 50210

Information:

5/02/10 The date of your final exam.

$52,010 The average starting salary of anaccounting major.

52010 Zip code of state.


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Data 6.34

6.45

6.39 6.62

6.57

6.64

6.71

6.82

7.12

7.06

SIRIUS SATELLITE RADIO INC.

$5.80

$6.00

$6.20

$6.40

$6.60

$6.80

$7.00

$7.20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Last 10 Days

Sto

ck

Price

Information


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Data Information Knowledge

Data

Information

Summarizing the data

Averaging the data

Selecting part of the data

Graphing the data

Adding context

Adding value


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Data Information Knowledge

Information

Knowledge

How is the info tied to outcomes?

Are there any patterns in the info?

What info is relevant to the problem?

How does this info effect the system?

What is the best way to use the info?

How can we add more value to the info?


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Figure 1.2 Characteristics of useful information

Information in Context


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Information as A CompetitiveWeapon

Information technology and quality information arenot the goals, but merely to support

organizations to reach

goals of Superior products and services

Greater productivity

Eventually success


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Data, Information,and Systems

Information and Managers

Systems thinking

Creates a framework for problem solvingand decision making.

Keeps managers focused on overall goalsand operations of business.


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Data, Information, and Systems What Is a System?

System: A set of components that work together toachieve a common goal

Subsystem: One part of a system where the productsof more than one system are combined to reach anultimate goal

Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no

contact with other systems

Open system: System that interfaces with othersystems


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Generating Information

Computer-based ISs take data as rawmaterial, process it, and produce informationas output.

Figure 1.1 Input-process-output


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Information Systems

Generic Goal:

Transform Data into Information

At the Core of an Information System is aDatabase (raw data).


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Information Systems

Why Do People Need Information?

Individuals - Entertainment andenlightenment

Businesses - Decision making,problem solving and control


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The Benefits

Synergy When combined resources produce output that exceeds the sum of

the outputs of the same resources employed separately

Allows human thought to be translatedinto efficient processing of large amountsof data


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Data Processing

Recall that a basic system is composed of5 components

Input, Output, Processing, Feedback, Control

Typically processing helps transform datainto information.

Input OutputProcessing

Raw Data Information


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The Four Stages of Data Processing

Input: Data is collected and entered intocomputer.

Data processing: Data is manipulated intoinformation using mathematical, statistical,and other tools.

Output: Information is displayed or

presented.

Storage: Data and information aremaintained for later use.


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Processing

Summarizing

Computing Averages

Graphing

Creating Charts

Visualizing Data


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Processing: Great Example

Navigation System Specialized Geographic Information System

Input: Maps, Addresses, Points of Interest,

Yellow Pages Processing:

Computing Shortest Paths; Finding the Nearest Chinese Restaurant

Output: Directions (each turn + a map with arrows) List of nearby Chinese Restaurants (sorted by dist.)


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Analysis Navigation System

Recall that Information Systems have fivemore specific components:

People, Data, Communication Network,Hardware, Software.

In a Navigation System what is the Communication Network?

what is the Hardware?

who are the People?


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Course Goal: Help you analyze systems?

Step 1: Always ask yourselfWhat is the

purpose of the system?

Step 2: Identify People, Data, Hardware,Software, Communication Network.

Step 3: Identify Input, Output, Processing,

Feedback, Control.


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Navigation System Feedback

So what is the feedback in a navigation system?

Feedback is information about how the system

is performing. Feedback can help you identify problems with the

systemso you can improve it.

Feedback helps you determine if the system is

achieving its goal. In a heating system, the feedback was the actual

temperature.


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What is an information system?

An information system is a system thataccepts data resources as input, andprocesses them into information products

as output. Includes four component parts

Input

Processes Output

Feedback


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Intro to Information SystemsConcepts

Raw materials

(Inputs) Manufacturing

Products

Out ut

Control(processes)

Feedback


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Information system model


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Hardware resources ( Machines

and media)

Components of an InformationSystem


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Data resources

Databases

Knowledge bases


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Software resources

Programs Procedures


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People Resources (End usersand IS specialists)


D I f i


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Figure 1.6 Components of an information system


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Transaction Processing Systems

Management

InformationSystems

Decision

SupportSystems

Types of Information Systems


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INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGY

Hardware

Software

Databases

Networks

Other related

components

are used to buildINFORMATION

SYSTEMS

Payroll

System

Inventory

System

Marketing

System

Customer

Service

System

IS Vs IT


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Expanding Roles of IS

1. Data Processing: 1950s-1960s

2. Management Reporting: 1960s-1970s

3. Decision support: 1970s-1980s

4. Strategic and End User Support: 1980s-1990s

5. Global Internetworking: 1990s-2000s


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Classification of ISInformation Systems

Operations

Support System ManagementSupport System

Transactionprocessing

systems

Process control

systems

Officeautomation

systems

Management

information

systems

Decisionsupport

systems

Executiveinformation

systems


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1. Operations support systems process data generated by business

operations

Major categories are:

i) Transaction processing systems

ii) Process control systems

iii) Office automation systems

2. Management Support Systems provide information and

support needed for effective decision making by managers

Major categories are

i) Management Information System

ii) Decision Support Systems

iii) Executive Information System


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1. Operations Support System

i) Transaction processing systems

Process business exchanges

Maintain records about the exchanges

Handle routine, yet critical, tasks

Perform simple calculations

ii) Process control systems monitor and control industrial

processes.

iii) Office automation systems automate office procedures and

enhance office communications and productivity.


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2. Management support systems provide information and support

needed for effective decision making by managers

Major categories are:

i) Management information systems

Routine information for routine decisions

Operational efficiency

Use transaction data as main input

Databases integrate MIS in different functional areas


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ii) Decision Support SystemInteractive support for non-routine decisions or problems End-users are more involved in creating a DSS than an MIS

iii) Executive information systems

provide critical information tailored to the information needs of

executives


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Other categories

a) Expert systems

b) End user computing systems

c) Business information systems

d) Strategic information systems


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Information Systems Development


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Challenges

1. Workforce downsizing

2. Information overload

3. Employee mistrust

4. Difficult to built

5. Security breaches

pportun t es


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pportun t es

1. Enhanced global competitiveness

2. Capture market opportunities

3. Support corporate strategy

4. Enhance worker productivity

5. Improve quality of goods and services


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2.1 Types of Information Systems

Computer-based information systems (CBIS)use computer technology to perform some orall of their tasks and are composed of: Hardware

Software

A Database

A Network Procedures

People


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Information Systems Inside YourOrganization


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Information Technology Outside YourOrganization


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Application Programs

An application program is a computerprogram designed to support a specific

task, a business process or anotherapplication program.


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Breadth of Support of Information Systems

Functional area information systems

Enterprise resource planning systems

Transaction processing systems Interorganizational information systems


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Information Systems Support forOrganization Employees

Office automation systems

Functional area information systems

Business intelligence systems

Expert Systems

Dashboards


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Why Study IS?

Information Systems Careers Systems analyst, specialist in enterprise resource

planning (ERP), database administrator,telecommunications specialist, consulting, etc.

Knowledge Workers Managers and non-managers Employers seek computer-literate professionals who

know how to use information technology.

Computer Literacy Replacing TraditionalLiteracy Key to full participation in western society

30067491 1st Lecture Data vs Information

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