fgUnw fookg

izdk'kd %

^U;k; lnu^>kj[kaM jkT; fof/kd lsok izkf/kdkj

Mksj.Mk] jk¡ph

3

fgUnw fookg dkuwu

fookg ikfjokfjd thou dk ,d egRoiw.kZ va'k gSA fookg

ds ekeys esa Hkh dkuwu ykxw gksrk gS vkSj vkidks lqj{kk nsrk gSA

fdlh Hkh /keZ ij tks dkuwu ykxw gksrk gks] mlh ds vuqlkj

fookg djuk t:jh gSA

lHkh fgUnwvksa ij fgUnw fookg vf/kfu;e] 1955 uked

dkuwu ykxw gksrk gSA ;g dkuwu gesa ;g crykrk gS fd fgUnw

fookg fdl rjg gksrk gS] bl dkuwu esa dkSu&dkSu fookg dj

ldrs gSa] vkSj fookg dkuwuu lgh dc gksrk gSA ;g dkuwu gesa

;g Hkh crkrk gS fd tc fookfgr thou esa dqN leL;k,¡ iSnk

gksa rks dkuwu D;k lgk;rk dj ldrk gSA

fgUnw fookg vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj dkSu&dkSu fookg dj

ldrs gSa \

v fgUnw pkgs os fdlh Hkh tkfr ;k lEiznk; ds gksa]

4

v ckS)]

v tSu]

v fl[k]

v dksbZ Hkh ,slk O;fDr ftlus viuk ewy /keZ R;kx dj

fgUnw /keZ viuk;k gksA

vkerkSj ij vuqlwfpr tu tkfr;ksa ij ;g dkuwu ykxw

ugha gksxkA gk¡] ljdkj fdlh Hkh tu tkfr ij bls ,d fo'ks"k

vkns'k }kjk ykxw dj ldrh gSA

fgUnw fookg fdl rjg lEiUu gksrk gS \

v fgUnw fookg oj vkSj dU;k ds lekt esa izpfyr jLeksa&

fjokt ds eqrkfcd gksuk pkfg;sA

v vkerkSj ls fgUnw fookg gkse] ;K] gou bR;kfn ls vkSj

lIrinh }kjk gksrk gSA lIrinh ;kfu] oj vkSj dU;k dk

feydj vfXunsork ds vkxs lkr dne pyukA

D;k bldk eryc gS fd ;fn lIrinh u gqbZ gks rks

fookg oS| ugha gksxk \

ugha! gj lekt ds vius jLe&fjokt gksrs gSaA blesa ls

dqN dks dkuwu ekurk gSA muds vuqlkj dh x;h 'kknh dkuwu

dks eatwj gksrh gSA vxj vkids jhfr&fjokt esa lIrinh dh

fof/k 'kkfey gS] rHkh lIrinh dk gksuk t:jh curk gSA ojuk

vkidk fookg vkids lekt esa izpfyr fjokt vkSj fof/k;ksa ds

5

eqrkfcd fd;k tk ldrk gSA gk¡ vkidk fjokt vkids lekt esa

,d yEcs vjls ls pyk vk jgk gksuk pkfg, vkSj dkuwuh rkSj ls

ekU; gksuk pkfg,A vxj oj vkSj dU;k ds vyx&vyx jLe&

fjokt gSa] rks nksuksa esa ls fdlh ,d ds jLeksa ds eqrkfcd 'kknh

gks ldrh gSA

;fn nks O;fDr jLeksa&fjoktksa ls gVdj fookg djuk pkgsa

rks mUgsa D;k djuk pkfg, \

^fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e] 1954* ,d dkuwu gS ftlls

fookg vnkyr esa fd;k tkrk gSA tks yksx jLeksa&fjoktksa ls

gVdj 'kknh djuk pkgsa] ;k ftuds jLe&fjokt vyx gksa] ;k

tks vyx&vyx /keksaZ ds gksa] bl dkuwu ls 'kknh dj ldrs gSaA

;g fookg dkuwuu ekU; vkSj oS/k gksxkA vnkyr ls 'kknh dk

izek.k&i= fn;k tk;sxkA

;fn dksbZ O;fDrr viuh jLeksa ds vuqlkj fookg ugha

djrk gS rks D;k gksxk \

,sls fookg dks ugha ekuk tk;sxkA

xksiky jk/kk ls fookg djuk

pkgrk FkkA ijUrq] jk/kk ds ekrk&firk

jkth ugha FksA xksiky jk/kk dks ysdj

eafnj x;k vkSj ogk¡ mlus jk/kk ds

xys esa Qwyksa dk gkj MkykA jk/kk us

6

Hkh xksiky dks Qwy ekyk igukbZA xksiky us jk/kk dh ekax esa

flUnwj Hkjk vkSj nksuksa us gkFk tksM+dj Hkxoku ls izkFkZuk dhA

mlds ckn xksiky us jk/kk ls dgk fd og vc mldh iRuh gS

vkSj os nksuksa tks pkgsa dj ldrs gSaA ifj.kke ;g gqvk fd jk/kk

xHkZorh gks xbZA ysfdu ckn esa xksiky us mls vius ikl j[kus

ls bUdkj dj fn;kA

D;k xksiky vkSj jk/kk dk okLro esa fookg gqvk Fkk \

ugha! ;g fookg dkuwuh fookg ugha ekuk tk ldrk]

D;ksafd xksiky vkSj jk/kk ds lekt esa fookg lIrinh ls lEiUu

gksrk gSA blfy, xksiky vkSj jk/kk ds fookg ds fy;s lIrinh

dh jLe iwjh djuk t:jh gSA

fgUnw fookg dkuwu ds vUrxZr fookg djus ds fy, dkSu&

dkSu lh 'krsZa gSa \

bl dkuwu ds vuqlkj fookg gksus ds fy, dqN 'krsaZ gSaA

vxj fookg dh bu 'krksaZ dks u ekuk tk;s rks og fookg dkuwuh

:i ls fookg ekuk gh ugha tk;sxkA dqN ,slh ckrsa gSa] ftuds u

gksus ls ,slk ekuk tk;sxk fd fookg dHkh gqvk gh ughaA ;s ckrsa

gSa %&

v oj vkSj dU;k nksuksa dk fgUnw gksuk t:jh gSA ;fn nksuksa

esa ls dsoy ,d gh fgUnw gS rks og bl dkuwu ls 'kknh

ugha dj ldrkA

7

yfyrk us egewn ds lkFk fgUnw jLeksa ds vuqlkj 'kknh

dhA dkuwu bls 'kknh ugha ekusxkA yfyrk vkSj egewn dks

^^fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e** ds vuqlkj 'kknh djuh pkfg;sA

v oj vkSj dU;k nksuksa dh igys 'kknh ugha gqbZ gksuh

pkfg,A bldk eryc fd fookg ds le; oj dh dksbZ

thfor iRuh ;k dU;k dk dksbZ thfor ifr ugha gksuk

pkfg,A rykd'kqnk O;fDr] ;k ftlds ifr ;k ftldh

iRuh dh e`R;q gks x;h gks] nksckjk fookg dj ldrs gSaA

8

D;k fo/kok 'kknh dj ldrh gS \

gk¡] fo/kok Hkh vkSj efgykvksa dh rjg gh nksckjk 'kknhdj ldrh gSA dqN lektksa esa fo/kok dh 'kknh dh vyx jLesa

gksrh gSaA bu lHkh jLeksa ls dh xbZ 'kknh dks dkuwu ekurk gSA

ijUrq fo/kok vfookfgr efgykvksa dh rjg gh vius ;k oj ds

lekt ds jhfr fjoktksa ds eqrkfcd Hkh 'kknh dj ldrh gSA

v oj vkSj dU;k ,d nwljs ds utnhdh fj'rsnkj ughagksus pkfg,AfgUnw dkuwu esa utnhdh fj'rsnkjksa ds chp dk fookg]

tSls fd pkpk] ekek] ekSlh ;k cqvk ds yM+ds&yM+fd;ksa ds chp

dk fookg oS/k ugha ekuk tk;sxkA ijUrq fdlh ds lkekftd

fjokt ds vuqlkj ;fn ,sls fookg dks eatqjh nh x;h gS rks os

vius utnhdh fj'rs esa fookg dj ldrs gSaA nf{k.k Hkkjr ds

dqN fgLlksa esa yM+dh dk fookg mlds eke ds lkFk gks ldrk

gSA ;g ogk¡ dk ekuk gqvk fjokt gSA mlh rjg Hkkjr esa db

txg L=h ds fo/kok gks tkus ij mldh 'kknh mlds ifr ds HkkbZ

ds lkFk gks ldrh gSA

gk¡] ;g ckr t:j ;kn j[ksa & vkids lekt esa fjokt

u gksus ij vki vius utnhdh fj'rs esa fookg ugha dj ldrsA

,slk fookg okLro esa fookg ugha ekuk tk;sxkA

v oj dh mez de ls de 21 lky vkSj dU;k dh mezde ls de 18 lky gksuh pkfg,A 21 lky ls devk;q ds yM+ds vkSj 18 lky ls de vk;q dh yM+dhdk fookg dkuwuh vijk/k gSAÅij crkbZ xbZ 'krksaZ ds vuqlkj vxj 'kknh gks Hkh tk;s]

9

rks Hkh dqN ckrsa vkSj gSa ftudk gksuk t:jh gSA bu ckrksa ds u

gksus ls] dksbZ Hkh ihfM+r L=h ;k iq:"k dksVZ ls 'kknh jí djus dh

ekax dj ldrh gS ;k dj ldrk gSA ;kfu] tc rd 'kknh dksVZ

}kjk jí ugha dh tkrh] rc rd og 'kknh ekU; gksxhA ;s ckrsa

gSa %&

v oj vkSj dU;k nksuksa ekufld :i ls LoLF; gksus pkfg;sa;kfu og fookg ds fy, lgefr nsus ds dkfcy gksaAfdlh ikxy O;fDr dks 'kknh djus dh dkuwu esa eukgh

gS D;ksafd og ;g ugha tku ldrk D;ksafd og mlesa lgefr

ugha ns ldrk vkSj uk gh og fookfgr thou ugha fuHkk ldrk

gSA

dbZ ckj oj vkSj dU;k ,d nwljs dks fookg ds ckn gh

ns[krs gSaA fdlh O;fDr dh 'kknh ;fn fdlh ikxy ls gks tk;s]

rks og vnkyr tkdj vius fookg dks jí ;k [kRe djkus dh

ekax dj ldrh gS ;k dj ldrk gSA gk¡] vnkyr esa ;g lkfcr

djuk iM+sxk fd oj ;k dU;k 'kknh ds le; ikxy FksA

ekyk ds ek¡&cki us ekyk dh 'kknh jes'k ls r; dh FkhAfookg ds ckn ekyk dks irk pyk fd jes'k dh fnekxh gkyrBhd ugha gSA jes'k ;g Hkh ugha le>rk Fkk fd ekyk ls mldh'kknh gqbZ gSA ekyk QkSju vius ek¡&cki ds ?kj ykSV vk;hAekyk ds ekrk&firk us mls jes'k ds ?kj okil ugha HkstkAysfdu xk¡o ds yksxksa dk dguk Fkk fd ekyk dk fookg jes'k lsgks pqdk gS] blfy, mldk jes'k ds lkFk jguk t:jh gSA ekykds firkth odhy ds ikl x;s vkSj vnkyr esa eqdnek nk;j djfn;kA

10

vnkyr us viuk QSlyk fn;k fd jes'k fookg ds le;

fnekxh :i ls LoLFk ugha Fkk vkSj ekyk fookg ds cU/ku ls

eqfDr ik ldrh FkhA nwljs 'kCnksa esa dgk tk;s rks og viuh

ftUnxh ,sls th ldrh Fkh fd ekuksa mldk fookg gqvk gh ugha

FkkA

v ifr ds ukenZxh ds dkj.k 'kknh ifjiw.kZ u gqbZ gksAifr ds ukenZ gksus ds dkj.k fookg ifjiw.kZ u gks rksiRuh vnkyr ls fookg dks jí ;k 'kwU; ?kksf"kr

djus dh ekax dj ldrh gSA

v 'kknh /kks[ks ;k ncko ls gqbZ gksA L=h dk fookg

ncko Mkydj] tcjnLrh] ;k NyiwoZd djk;k x;k

gks rks mldh vthZ ij vnkyr fookg jí ;k 'kwU;

?kksf"kr dj nsxhA

fceyk ckbZ dk fookg 'kadjyky ls r; gqvk FkkA fceyk ckbZ

ds ekrk&firk dks crk;k x;k Fkk fd 'kadjyky ,d i<+k&fy[kk

11

O;fDr vkSj mldk ifjokj lEiUu gSA fookg gks tkus ds ckn

mls ekywe gqvk fd 'kadjyky vui<+ vkSj 'kjkch gS vkSj mlds

ifjokj dk dekbZ dk dksbZ lk/ku ugha gSA fceyk ckbZ us bl /

kks[ks ds ckjs esa irk pyrs gh ,d lky ds vUnj dksVZ esa vthZ

ns nhA ;g fookg /kks[ks ls gqvk FkkA fceyk ckbZ ds fookg dks

vnkyr us 'kwU; ?kksf"kr dj fn;kA

oj dh mez] oj dh ukSdjh ;k O;olk;] ;k oj dh fdlhxEHkhj chekjh dh tkudkjh tSlh t:jh ckrsa vkils fNikbZ tk;sa;k vkidks xyr crkbZ tk;sa]rc Hkh ekuk tk;sxk fd fookg dsfy, vkidh lgefr /kks[ks ls yh x;h gSaA

Mk¡V&Mjkdj ;k tcjnLrh fookg djok;k tkrk gS] rksbls Hkh ncko ;k tcjnLrh ls lgefr ysuk dgsaxsA ,sls esa Hkh

vnkyr fookg 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djsxhA gk¡] Ny dk irk pyrs gh

QkSju vkidks vnkyr tkuk gksxkA vxj /kks[ks dh tkudkjh

gksus ds ,d lky ds le ds ckn vnkyr esa vthZ nh tk;s] rks

vnkyr vthZ Lohdkj ugha djsxhA

v vxj iRuh 'kknh ds le; fdlh vkSj iq:"k ls xHkZorh Fkhrks ifr 'kknh jí djus dh vthZ ns ldrk gSA blds fy,;g t:jh gS fd 'kknh ds le; ifr dks iRuh dhxHkkZoLFkk dh tkudkjh ugha FkhA ;g vthZ 'kknh ds ,dlky ds ckn ugha nh tk ldrhA gk¡] vxj ifr xHkkZoLFkkds ckjs esa tkuus ds ckotwn iRuh ds lkFk laHkksx djrkgS rks Hkh og 'kknh jí djus dh vthZ ugha ns ldrk gSA

12

fookg dk iathdj.k

vki fdlh Hkh jLe ls] ;k fQj fo'ks"k fookg dkuwu ls

fookg djsaA fQj Hkh vkids fookg dk iathdj.k ¼jftLVªs'ku½

gks ldrk gSA fookg djus okys nksuksa O;fDr;ksa dks feydj]

fookg vf/kdkjh dks ,d vthZ nsuh gksxhA vthZ feyus ij

fookg vf/kdkjh 'kknh dh fdrkc esa 'kknh ds ckjs esa fy[ksaxs

vkSj mldk izek.k&i= Hkh nsxsaA

fookg dk iathdj.k fookg ds ckn dHkh Hkh djok;k tk

ldrk gSA gk¡] blds fy, fuEu 'krsaZ iwjh gksuh pkfg;s %

v ifr&iRuh us fdlh Hkh jLe ls fookg fd;k gks] vkSj rc

ls os ifr&iRuh dh rjg jg jgs gksaA

v nksuksa eas ls fdlh ds dksbZ vkSj thfor ifr ;k iRuh u gksaA

v iathdj.k ds le; nksuksa esa ls dksbZ ikxy ;k ekufld

:i ls nqcZy u gksA

v nksuksa O;fDr de ls de 21 lky ds gksaA

v nksuksa O;fDr djhch fj'rsnkj u gksaA

v nksuksa O;fDr fookg vf/kdkjh ds dk;kZy; ds ftys esa

de ls de 30 fnu ls jg jgs gksaA

13

nwljh 'kknh & dkuwuh vijk/k

ifr ;k iRuh ds thfor jgrs gq, nwljh 'kknh djuk

dkuwuh vijk/k gSA

dbZ iq:"k ,d iRuh ds gksrs nksckjk 'kknh dj ysrs gSaA

dHkh&dHkh og iRuh dh ^lgefr* ls 'kknh djrs gSaA

jk/kq vkSj ';kek dh dksbZ lUrku ugha FkhA jk/kq us nwljh

'kknh djus dk QSlyk fd;kA ';kek ;g fcYdqy ugha pkgrh

Fkh ij ncko esa vkdj og eku xbZA jk/kq us xhrk ls 'kknh dj

yhA xhrk dks ,d yM+dh iSnk gqbZA ,d lky ckn jk/kq us

xhrk dks Hkh ?kj ls fudky fn;kA dgus yxk] fd mlus

yM+ds ds fy;s xhrk ls 'kknh dh FkhA dbZ vkSjrksa ds lkFk bl

rjg dk lqywd gksrk gSA mUgsa ,slh fLFkfr ls cpuk pkfg;sA

dkuwu D;k dgrk gS \

v iRuh ds thrs th nwljh 'kknh djuk dkuwuh vijk/k gSA

igyh iRuh pkgs rks ifr ds f[kykQ Fkkus esa ;k eSftLVsªV

dh dksVZ esa f'kdk;r ntZ dj ldrh gSA ,sls ifr dks

lkr lky rd dh dSn vkSj tqekZus dh ltk gks ldrh

gSA ;fn og ljdkjh ukSdjh djrk gks] rks ukSdjh ls

fudky fn;k tk;sxkA

v ,slh nwljh 'kknh dkuwu esa 'kknh ugha ekuh tkrhA

v iRuh dh ̂lgefr* ls dh xbZ nwljh 'kknh Hkh xSj&dkuwuh

gSA

14

v nwljh iRuh dks okLro esa iRuh dk dksbZ gd dHkh ugha

feysxkA mls u rks [kpkZ ek¡xus dk gd gksxk] u gh ifr

dh laifr esa dksbZ vf/kdkj feysxkA

v gk¡] vxj igyh iRuh dh ekStwnxh nwljh iRuh ls fNikbZ

xbZ gks] rks nwljh iRuh ifr ds f[kykQ /kks[ks dk

eqdnek dj ldrh gSA og ifr ls eqvkotk ysus ds fy;s

Hkh eqdnek dj ldrh gSA

,slh nwljh 'kknh ls iSnk gq, cPpksa dks firk dh laifr

esa og lHkh gd feysaxs tks fd tk;t vkSykn dks feyrs gSaA

ehuk vkSj ftrsUnz dh 'kknh gq, nl lky gks x, FksA

muds rhu cPps FksA ftrsUnz lquhrk uke dh yM+dh ls feyus

yxkA dqN fnuksa ckn mUgksaus 'kknh djuk QSlyk fd;kA nksuksa

us viuk /keZ cny fy;k vkSj bLykeh dkuwu ds vuqlkj 'kknh

dj yhA ehuk us ftrsUnz ij eqdnek nk;j dj fn;kA ftrsUnz

us dgk fd D;ksafd vc og eqlyeku cu x;k gS] blfy, mls

nksckjk 'kknh djus dk vf/kdkj gSA dksVZ ds QSlys ds vuqlkj%

v ftl /keZ ds dkuwu ds varxZr fdlh O;fDr dh 'kknh

gksrh gS] mlh /keZ dk 'kknh dk dkuwu ykxw gksxkA ;kfu

ftrsUnz dh 'kknh vxj fgUnw /keZ ds dkuwu esa gqbZ Fkh rks

og fcuk ehuk ls rykd fy, nwljh 'kknh ugha dj

ldrkA

v /keZ ifjorZu ds ckn dh xbZ 'kknh xSj&dkuwuh vkSj

vekU; gSA

15

cky fookg & dkuwuh vijk/k

de mez ds cPpksa dh 'kknh dj nsus ls muds LokLF;]

ekufld fodkl vkSj [kq'kgky thou ij vlj iM+rk gSA de

mez esa 'kknh djus ls iwjs lekt esa fiNM+kiu vkrk gSA

blhfy, dkuwu esa 'kknh djus dh Hkh ,d mez r; dh xbZ gSA

bl mez ls de mez dh gqbZ 'kknh dks cky fookg dgrs gSaA

cky fookg D;k gS \

vxj 'kknh djus okyh yM+dh dh mez 18 lky ls de

gks] ;k yM+ds dh mez 21 lky ls de gks] og cky fookg

dgyk,xkA ,slh 'kknh dh dkuwu esa eukgh gSA ,slh fdlh

'kknh ds dbZ ifj.kke gks ldrs gSa %

16

v 18 lky ls vf/kd mez dk yM+dk vxj 18 lky ls de

mez dh yM+dh ls 'kknh djrk gS rks mls nks lky rd

dh dM+h dSn ;k ,d yk[k :i;s rd dk tqekZuk ;k

fQj nksuksa ltk,¡ gks ldrh gSaA

v 'kknh djus okys tksM+s esa ls tks Hkh cky gks] 'kknh dks

dksVZ ls jn~n ¼vekU; ;k 'kwU;½ ?kksf"kr djok ldrk gSA

'kknh ds ckn dHkh Hkh dksVZ esa ;g vthZ nh tk ldrh

gS] ij ckfyx gks tkus ds nks lky ckn ughaA

v tks Hkh cky fookg lEiUu djs ;k djok, tSls & iafMr]

ekSyoh] ekrk&firk] fj'rsnkj] nksLr] bR;kfn] mls nks

lky rd dh dM+h ltk ;k ,d yk[k :i, tqekZuk ;k

nksuksa gks ldrs gSaA

v ftl O;fDr dh ns[kjs[k esa cPpk gS] ;fn cky fookg

djokrk gS& pkgs og ekrk&firk] vfHkHkkod ;k dksbZ

vkSj mls nks lky rd dh dM+h ltk ;k ,d yk[k :i,

tqekZuk ;k nksuksa gks ldrs gSaA

v tks dksbZ O;fDr cky fookg dks fdlh rjg dk c<+kok

nsrk gS] ;k tkucw>dj ykijokgh ls mls jksdrk ugha]

tks cky fookg esa 'kkfey gks ;k cky fookg dh jLeksa

esa mifLFkr gks] mls nks lky rd dh dM+h ltk ;k ,d

yk[k :i, tqekZuk ;k nksuksa gks ldrs gSaA

17

bl dkuwu esa fdlh efgyk dks tsy dh ltk ugha

nh tk ldrh] dsoy tqekZuk gks ldrk gSA

v vxj 18 lky ls T;knk mez dk yM+dk 18 lky ls de

mez dh yM+dh ls 'kknh djrk gS rks mls nks lky rd

dh dM+h ltk ;k ,d yk[k :i, tqekZuk ;k nksuksa gks

ldrs gSaA

v cky fookg dks 'kwU; ?kksf"kr djus dh vthZ mlh ftyk

vnkyr esa dh tk,xh tgk¡ rykd dh vthZ nh tk

ldrh gSA

cky fookg dSls jksdk tk ldrk gS \

v dksbZ Hkh O;fDr ftls cky fookg dh tkudkjh gks] vius

bykds ds esVªksiksyhVu eSftLVsªV ;k izFke Js.kh ds U;kf;d

eSftLVsªV dks lwpuk ns ldrs gSaA ;g QkStnkjh dksVZ gS

tks 'kknh dks jksdus dk vkns'k ns ldrk gSA

v ftyk ds dysDVj@Mh-,e- Hkh cky fookg dks jksdus ds

fy, dksbZ Hkh dne mBk ldrs gSaA

v ;g tkudkjh Fkkus esa Hkh nh tk ldrh gSA

v jksdus ds vkns'k ds ckotwn lEiUu dh xbZ 'kknh 'kwU;

gksxh ;kfu dkuwu dh utj esa 'kknh ugha ekuh

tk,xhA

18

cky fookg dks jksdus ds vkns'k fn, tkus ds ckn Hkh

vxj dksbZ cky fookg djokrk gS rks mls nks lky dh

lk/kkj.k ;k dM+h dSn ;k ,d yk[k :i;s rd dk

tqekZuk ;k nksuksa gks ldrs gSaA

v fdlh ukckfyx dh 'kknh mldk vigj.k djds] mls

cgyk&Qqlyk dj ;k tksj&tcjnLrh ls dgha ys tkdj

;k 'kknh ds fy, ;k 'kknh ds jLe ds cgkus cspdj ;k

vuSfrd dke ds fy, dh tk,] rks ,slh 'kknh Hkh 'kwU;

ekuh tk,xhA

ljdkj }kjk ^^cky fookg fu"ks/k vf/kdkjh** fu;qDr fd,

tk,axs tks cky fookg dks jksdus ds dne mBk,axsA

lekt ds fdlh izfrf"Br O;fDr tSls iapk;r lnL;] dksbZ

vf/kdkjh ;k xSj ljdkjh laLFkk ds lnL; dks cky fookg

fu"ks/k vf/kdkjh dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, ljdkj }kjk

fu;qDr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

19

rykd

dHkh&dHkh ,slk gksrk gS fd fookg dkuwuu ekU; vkSj

oS/k gksrk gS ysfdu fookfgr thou ds nkSjku vR;Ur dM+os vkSj

nq%[kh gkykr iSnk gks tkrs gSaA lHkh

tkurs gSa fookfgr thou ds nkSjku

nEifr ds vkilh lEcU/k curs&fcxM+rs

jgrs gSaA ysfdu dbZ ckj ekeyk bl

gn rd [kjkc gks tkrk gS fd ifr

vkSj iRuh dk ,d lkFk jguk vlEHko

cu tkrk gSA ,sls gkykr dks lqy>kus ds fy, dkuwu es rykd

dk izcU/k j[kk x;k gSA vki vnkyr tkdj viuh 'kknh dks

[kRe djkus dh ekax dj ldrh gSA rykd }kjk vki fookfgr

thou ls eqDr gks tk;saxhA dksVZ }kjk rykd ysus ds fy;s

dqN vk/kkj gSaA bu vk/kkjksa ij ihfM+r ifr ;k iRuh

rykd dh ekax dj ldrs gSaA iRuh ds fy;s rykd ds dqN

fo'ks"k vk/kkj Hkh gSaA

L=h fdu&fdu vk/kkjksa ij rykd ns ldrh gS \

v O;fHkpkj ;k nwljh L=h ds lkFk laHkksx % 'kknh gks

tkus ds ckn ifr dk fdlh vU; L=h ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd

20

lEcU/k tksM+us ij iRuh rykd dh vthZ ns ldrh gS %

ifr vxj dgs fd mlus igys ml L=h ds lkFk fookg

fd;k gS] rc Hkh ,sls lEcU/k dks O;fHkpkj ekuk tk;sxk]

D;ksafd iRuh ds gksrs gq, nwljk fookg] fookg ugha ekuk

tkrkA

v ifjR;kx % ;fn ifr fcuk otg iRuh dks NksM+dj pyk

tkrk gS rks L=h rykd ys ldrh gSA fcuk mfpr dkj.k

ds vius tksM+s ls vyx jgus dks ifjR;kx dgrs gSaA gk¡

rykd ysus ds fy, t:jh gS fd ifr us viuh iRuh dks

nks lky ;k vf/kd le; ls NksM+ j[kk gksA

lqjs'k vkSj vuhrk dh 'kknh gq, rhu lky gks pqds FksA

'kknh ds ,d lky ckn lqjs'k us vuhrk ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj djuk

'kq: dj fn;k FkkA og vuhrk dks ekjrk FkkA dqN le; ds ckn

lqjs'k vkSj vuhrk ds chp ifr&iRuh dk lEcU/k jgk gh ughaA

lqjs'k ?kj NksM+dj vyx jgus yxkA mlus vuhrk dks [kpkZ

ikuh nsuk Hkh cUn dj fn;kA lqjs'k us vuhrk dk ifjR;kx

fd;k] ftlds vk/kkj ij vuhrk dks rykd fey ldrk gSA

v Øwjrk % ;fn ifr iRuh ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd ;k ekufld

nqO;Zogkj ;k vR;kpkj djs rks og rykd ys ldrh gSA

v 'kkjhfjd Øwjrk dk eryc gS ekjuk ;k fdlh vU; rjg

'kjhj dks ihM+k nsukA

21

v ekufld Øwjrk dk eryc gS fdlh Hkh rjg dk ekufld

ncko ;k ruko cuk;s j[kuk] tSls fd iRuh ij xSj

oQknkjh ;k pfj= ghurk ds

bYtke yxkuk] ngst dh ekax

djuk] xkyh&xykSp djuk

bR;kfnA bl rjg vR;kpkj

dk eryc dsoy ekjuk gh

ugha] cfYd ekufld :i ls

lrkuk Hkh gksrk gSA fQj] pkgs

mls ekjus ;k lrkus dk dksbZ dkj.k gks ;k u gksA

ehuk dh 'kknh egs'k ds lkFk gqbZA 'kknh ds dqN fnu

ckn egs'k us ehuk dks cqjh rjg ekjuk 'kq: dj fn;kA og mls

ngst ds fy, rkus ekjrk vkSj mls pfj=ghu dgdj lrkrkA

egs'k us ehuk ds ?kj ls ckgj dne

j[kus ij Hkh ikcUnh yxk nhA egs'k ds

bl O;ogkj dks dkuwu esa Øwjrk dgsaxsA

egs'k dk ;g vR;kpkj ehuk ls lgu

u gksus ij og vnkyr esa xbZ vkSj

mlus rykd dh vthZ nhA egs'k us

22

ehuk ds lkFk nqO;Zogkj fd;k FkkA bl vk/kkj ij ehuk dks

rykd fey x;kA

v /keZ cnyuk % ifr /keZ cny ys ;k lalkj R;kx ns rks

rykd fy;k tk ldrk gSA

v vlk/; ikxyiu % ;fn ifr vlk/; ¼ykbykt½

ikxyiu dk f'kdkj gks tk;s] rks rykd fy;k tk

ldrk gSA

v dks<+ % Hk;kud vkSj ykbykt dks<+ dk jksx rykd dk

vk/kkj gks ldrk gSA

v lkr lky rd ykirk jguk % ;fn ifr lkr lky ;k

mlls vf/kd le; rd ykirk gks] rks vnkyr }kjk

rykd fy;k tk ldrk gSA ykirk ;kfu fd mlds lxs

lEcU/kh ;k mlds fe=ksa dks Hkh mldh dksbZ [kcj u gksA

v jfrt jksx % vxj ifr jfrt jksx ls ihfM+r gks rks iRuh

rykd ys ldrh gSA

yrk dk ifr jes'k dke djus ds fy, nwljs 'kgj x;kA

23

tkus ds ckn dqN eghuksa rd rks jes'k ds i= ?kj ij cjkcj vkrs

jgsA vpkud mldh vksj ls [kcj feyuh cUn gks x;hA yrk

jes'k ds ?kj ykSVus dk bUrtkj djrh jgh] ijUrq u rks jes'k ?kj

vk;k u gh mldk dksbZ lekpkjA jes'k ds ekrk&firk vkSj

fe=ksa dks Hkh jes'k dh dksbZ [kcj ugha feyh FkhA vius ifr ds

tkus ds ckn yrk vkB lky rd vius llqjky esa jghA mlds

llqj dks ml cM+h n;k vkrh FkhA blfy, ,d fnu llqj yrk

dks ysdj vnkyr x;s vkSj yrk dks rykd fnyokus esa enn

dhA vkt yrk dk nwljk fookg gks pqdk gS vkSj og lq[kh gSA

v 'kknh ds ckn vxj fdlh dk ifr vnkyr }kjk cykRdkj

;k cndkjh dk nks"kh ik;k tkrk gS rks mldh iRuh bl

vk/kkj ij rykd ys ldrh gSA

v cM+s gksus ij cky&fookg dk fujkdj.k

;fn fdlh yM+dh dh 'kknh 15 lky ls de mez esa gks

x;h gks rks og 15 lky dh mez gksus ds ckn vkSj 18 lky dh

24

gksus ls igys ml fookg dks ekuus ls badkj dj ldrh gSA

xqfM+;k 12 lky dh Fkh] rHkh mlds ek¡&cki us mldh

'kknh dj nhA og i<+ jgh Fkh blfy, og vius llqjky esa ugha

jgrh FkhA vius ekrk&firk ds ?kj esa jgdj mlus nloha rd

i<+kbZ dhA og vkxs i<+us ds fy, cgqr mRlqd FkhA mls irk

pyk fd ftl yM+ds ds lkFk mldh 'kknh dh x;h Fkh]og

fudEek vkSj vui<+ gSA mlus viuh ekLVjuh th dks ;g ckr

crkbZA ekLVjuh th ds ifr odhy gSaA mUgksaus xqfM+;k dks rykd

fnyok fn;kA

ifr&iRuh ds le>kSrs ls rykdtgk¡ ifr vkSj iRuh nksuksa le>rs gSa fd mudk fookg

lQy ugha gks ldrk] ;kfu fd fdlh Hkh dkj.k ls mudk ,dlkFk fookfgr thou esa jguk vlEHko gS] os feydj rykd ysldrs gSaA ifr vkSj iRuh nksuksa QSlyk dj ldrs gSa ,d nq%[khfookfgr thou xqtkjus ds ctk; rykd ysdj 'kknh dks [kRedj fn;k tk,A ,sls rykd ds fy, vnkyr dks dksbZ dkj.k

crkuk t:jh ugha gSA gk¡] blesa dqN ckrsa t:j gS %

25

v ifr&iRuh de ls de ,d lky ls vyx jgs gksaA

v ifr&iRuh nksuksa lger gksa fd mudk lkFk jguk vc

laHko ugha gSA

v ifr ;k iRuh ij ;g vthZ nsus ds fy, ncko ugha Mkyk

x;k gksA

v blds fy;s ifr&iRuh dks ,d lkFk ftyk U;k;ky; esa

rykd dh vthZ nsuh gksxhA vthZ esa dksbZ dkj.k crkus

dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA

v ml vthZ ij 6 eghuksa rd dksVZ dksbZ dk;Zokgh ugha

djsxhA ;g blfy;s fd ifr&iRuh dks le>kSrs dk ,d

vkSj ekSdk fey ldsA

v de ls de 6 eghus chr tkus ij dksVZ ifr&iRuh ls

iwNsxh fd og rykd pkgrs gSa ;k ughaA ;fn og pkgrs

gksa] rks rqjUr rykd dh vthZ eatwj gks tk;sxhA

ftu dkj.kksa ls rykd fy;k tk ldrk gS] mUgha dkj.kksa

ls vnkyr dsoy vyx jgus dk vkns'k Hkh ns ldrh gSA

rykd feyus ls 'kknh [kRe gks tkrh gS] ifr iRuh

vfookfgr dgyk,¡xsA ijUrq ^vyx jgus* ds vkns'k ls

'kknh [kRe ugha gksrhA bl nkSjku ;fn le>kSrk gks tk;s

rks 'kknh cuh jgsxhA

26

rykd dSls gksrk gS \

rykd ds fy, vthZ fdl dksVZ es nsuh gksxh \

dksVZ rykd dh vthZ ds fy;s fuEu ckrsa ;kn j[kuh pkfg;s %&

v efgyk dks vkRe&fo'okl j[kuk pkfg;sA mls vius

lxs& lacaf/k;ksa ls lykg e'ojk dj ysuk pkfg;sA og

pkgs] rks fdlh lekt&lsoh laLFkk ls lykg ys ldrh

gSA os mldk ifr ds lkFk le>kSrk djokus dh Hkh

dksf'k'k djsaxsA

v ;fn le>kSrk u gks lds] rks efgyk dks vnkyr tkus ls

drbZ ugha Mjuk pkfg;sA vnkyr mlds izfr lgkuqHkwfr

ls O;ogkj djsxhA

v vnkyr dh Hkh igyh dksf'k'k ;gh gksrh gS fd ifr&iRuh

dk le>kSrk gks ldsA le>kSrk u gks lds] rHkh rykd

dh dk;Zokgh vkxs c<+kbZ tk,xhA

v rykd dh vthZ 'kknh ds ,d lky ckn gh nh tk

ldrh gS] igys ughaA gk¡] iRuh dks fo'ks"k dfBukbZ dk

lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gks] rks dksVZ ,d lky ls igys Hkh

vthZ Lohdkj dj ldrh gSA

v dksVZ dh lkjh dk;Zokgh xqIr j[kh tkrh gSA dsoy

eqdnes ls lacaf/kr yksx ogk¡ ekStwn gksaxsA

27

v rykd dh vthZ fuEu txgksa esa ls fdlh ,d txg ds

ftyk U;k;k/kh'k ¼fMfLVªDV dksVZ½ esa nh tk,xh %&

v tgk¡ 'kknh lEiUu gqbZ gks ;k

v tgk¡ nwljs i{k ¼ftlds f[kykQ vthZ nh xbZ gks½ dk

fuokl gks ;k

v tgk¡ ifr&iRuh vkf[kj esa lkFk jgs gksa ;k

v ;fn vthZ iRuh dh gS] rks tgk¡ mldk fuokl gks

v rykd dh vthZ nsus ij] vnkyr nwljs i{k dks ,d

uksfVl nsxhA nksuksa i{kksa dh ckr lquus ds ckn] xokgksa

vkSj lcwrksa dks tk¡pusa ds ckn gh rykd dk QSlyk

gksxk

v dqN jkT;ksa esa dkSVqfEcd vnkyrsa ¼QSfeyh dksVZ½ LFkkfir

gqbZ gSaA ogk¡ rykd dh vthZ mUgha vnkyrksa esa nsuh

gksxh

rykd jLeksa & fjoktksa ds eqrkfcd] tkfr iapk;r ds

}kjk Hkh gks ldrk gSA blesa Hkh dqN ckrsa ;kn j[kuk

t:jh gSa%

v ifr iRuh ds leqnk;ksa esa iapk;rh rykd dh jLe dh

ekU;rk gksuh pkfg;sA

28

v rykd nksuksa i{kksa dh ethZ ls gksuk pkfg;sA iapk;r ,d

i{k ds dgus ls rykd ugha ns ldrhA

v iapk;r dks nksukas i{kksa dh lquokbZ djds gh rykd nsuk

gksxkA

v ;fn ,d i{k dh ethZ ds fcuk rykd ns fn;k tk;s rks

iapk;r dksbZ vkSj ukbalkQh djs rks dksVZ esa eqdnek

fd;k tk ldrk gSA

;kn j[ksa % fcuk dksVZ ;k lgh tkfr iapk;r dh

dk;Zokgh ds dksbZ rykd ekU; ugha gSaA dksbZ Hkh O;fDr

;k lewg rykd dk QSlyk ugha ns ldrkA rykd

dsoy LVkEi isij bR;kfn ij fy[k dj nksuksa ds

le>kSrs ls Hkh ugha gks ldrkA

29

fookfgr thou ds vf/kdkjksa dh izR;kLFkkiuk

fookfgr thou esa ifr vkSj iRuh ds ,d nwljs ds izfr

dqN drZO; gksrs gSaA mnkgj.k ds rkSj ij ifr dk drZO; curk

gS fd og vius ifjokj dk Hkj.k&iks"k.k djsA ifr vkSj iRuh

,d nwljs ds lkFk jgus pkfg, vkSj muds chp 'kkjhfjd laca/k

gksus pkfg,A vxj fdlh Bksl dkj.k ds fcuk ifr ;k rks

iRuh dks NksM+dj pyk tkrk gS ;k fQj iRuh ds lkFk

jgdj Hkh fookfgr thou ds drZO; iwjs ugha djrk] rks

vnkyr ifr dks mlds fookfgr thou ds drZO; fuHkkus

dk vkns'k ns ldrh gSA

gfj vkSj jkeI;kjh ,d lky ls 'kknh'kqnk FksA lky Hkj

ds fookfgr thou ds ckn gfj jkeI;kjh ds lkFk ykijokgh

cjrus yxkA mlus jkeI;kjh dks ?kj pykus ds fy, iSls nsus cUn

dj fn,A jkeI;kjh ls ckr rks D;k djuk] mldh laxr ls Hkh

fdukjk djus yxkA ;s nksuksa ,d ?kj esa jgrs t:j Fks] ysfdu

muds chp dksbZ lEidZ ugha jgkA dqN fnuksa ds ckn gfj viuk

?kj NksM+dj fdlh fj'rsnkj ds ?kj tkdj jgus yxkA jkeI;kjh

fcYdqy vdsyh iM+ x;hA ,sls gkykr esa jkeI;kjh us vnkyr dk

njoktk [kV[kVk;kA vnkyr us gfj dks vkns'k fn;k fd og

30

vius ?kj ykSV tk;s vkSj jkeI;kjh ds lkFk jgsA

vnkyr us ,slk vkns'k blfy, fn;k D;ksafd %&

v gfj dk fookg jkeI;kjh ls gqvk Fkk]

v jkeI;kjh ls ,slh dksbZ xyrh ugha gqbZ Fkh ftlds dkj.k

gfj dks ?kj NksM+uk iMs+A

v blfy;s] gfj dk ?kj NksM+uk] iRuh dk ifjR;kx FkkA

vnkyr D;k deyk dks eksgu ds ikl ykSVus dk vkns'k ns

ldrh gS \

gk¡! ;fn deyk dks Hkh ifr dks NksM+us dk dksbZ dkj.k

ugha gS rks deyk dks Hkh ,slk vkns'k fn;k tk ldrk gSA

D;k dksbZ ,sls dkj.k gSa ftuds gksrs gq, vnkyr ,slk

vkns'k ugha nsxh \

31

gk¡! iRuh ds ikl ,sls dkj.k gSa %&

v ifr ds fdlh vkSj L=h ds lkFk 'kkjhfjd laca/k gSa]

v ifr ykbykt dks<+ dk ejht gks] ;k

v ifr viuh iRuh ls tku&cw>dj ykijokgh cjrrk gks]

;k

v ifr viuh iRuh ds lkFk vR;kpkj djrk gks] bR;kfn

v vxj ifr jfrt jksx ls ihfM+r gS rks iRuh rykd ys

ldrh gSA

ifr ds ikl ,sls dkj.k gSa %&

v iRuh nwljk fookg dj ysrh gS] ;k

v iRuh ykbykt dks<+ dh ejht gks] ;k

v iRuh vius ifr ls tku&cw>dj ykijokgh cjrrh gks] ;k

v iRuh vius ifr ds lkFk vR;kpkj djrh gks] bR;kfn

jkuh vius ifr jes'k dks NksM+dj pyh xbZ gS D;ksafd

jes'k nwljh vkSjr ds lkFk jgrk gSA D;k vnkyr jkuh dks

jes'k ds ikl ykSVus dk vkns'k ns ldrh gS \

ugha! vnkyr jkuh dks ,slk vkns'k ugha nsxh D;ksafd

32

mlds ikl jes'k dks NksM+us dk ,d Bksl dkj.k gSA

ysfdu gfj ds ikl ,slk dksbZ dkj.k ugha gSA fQj Hkh og

jkeI;kjh ds ikl ykSVuk ugha pkgrkA D;k vnkyr mls

etcwj dj ldrh gS \

ugha! vnkyr mls Hkh etcwj ugha dj ldrh D;ksafd

iRuh dks Hkh ifr ds lkFk jgus ds fy, etcwj ugha fd;k tk

ldrkA

gekjs lekt esa 'kknh vkSj 'kknh'kqnk thou dh vkM+ esa

L=h ds lkFk gj izdkj dk nqO;Zogkj gksrk gSA fL=;ksa dks ;gh

le>k;k tkrk gS fd mldk thou ifr ds lkFk tqM+k gS & pkgs

og mls ekjs] lrk;s ;k Hkw[kk j[ksA ysfdu] lp rks ;g gS fd

fdlh dks Hkh nwljs ij vR;kpkj djus dk gd ugha gSA blfy;s

dksbZ Hkh L=h vxj fookfgr thou ls ihfM+r ;k ijs'kku gks]

dkuwu dh lgk;rk ys ldrh gSA dkuwu fdlh ds ?kj esa vkdj

lgk;rk ugha dj ldrkA gj L=h dks igys viuh fgEer

cVksjuh gksxhA ,slk djus ls gh dqN vR;kpkj can gks tk;saxsA

vkSj vxj og nwljk dne mBkdj vR;kpkj ds thou ls

fudyuk pkgs rks dkuwu mldh enn djsxkA

33

fo'ks"k fookg dkuwu

/kkfeZd jhfr fjoktksa ls rks fookg gks gh ldrk gSA

ijUrq ;fn dksbZ bu jhfr fjoktksa ls gVdj fookg djuk

pkgrk gks] rks og D;k djs \ ;k fQj nks vyx&vyx /keZ ds

yksx] /keZ cnys fcuk fookg djuk pkgrs gksa] rks os fookg dSls

djsa \ ,slh fLFkfr;ksa ds fy, ,d vyx dkuwu gS ftldk uke

gS ^^fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e] 1954**A

bl dkuwu ds vuqlkj fookg dkSu dj ldrk gS \

dksbZ Hkh nks O;fDr bl dkuwu ds vuqlkj fookg dj

ldrs gSaA bl izdkj ds fookg ds fy, O;fDr ds futh /keZ dk

dksbZ ek;us ughaA

vk'kk vkSj v:.k fgUnw /keZ dks ekurs gSaA os nksuksa

fo'ks"k fookg vf/kfu;e ds vuqlkj fookg dj ldrs

gSaA

xksih fgUnw /keZ dks ekurk gS vkSj lyek dk

etgc bLyke gSA os nksuksa fo'ks"k fookg dkuwu ds

vUrxZr fookg dj ldrs gSaA

tQj vkSj lchgk nksuksa eqlyeku gSaA os nksuksa pkgsa

rks bl dkuwu ds eqrkfcd 'kknh dj ldrs gSaA

dSFkjhu vkSj tkstQ bZlkbZ /keZ dks ekurs gSaA

mudh 'kknh bl dkuwu ds eqrkfcd gks ldrh gSA

:gh eqlyeku gS vkSj ihVj bZlkbZ gSA os nksuksa

34

bl dkuwu ds vUrxZr fookg dj ldrs gSaA

jkds'k ,d fgUnw gSA og ,d bZlkbZ yM+dh izsek ls

'kknh djuk pkgrk gSA jkds'k vkSj izsek Hkh fcuk viuk

/keZ R;kxs bl fo'ks"k dkuwu ds vuqlkj 'kknh dj ldrs

gSaA

tks nks O;fDr bl dkuwu ds vUrxZr fookg djuk pkgrs

gksa] mUgsa fuEu 'krsZa iwjh djuh gksaxh %

v nksuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh 'kknh'kqnk u gksA ;kfu] ,d thfor

iRuh vFkok ,d thfor ifr ds gksrs gq, nwljh 'kknh

ugha jpkbZ tk ldrhA gk¡] fo/kok] fo/kqj ;k rykd'kqnk

O;fDr bl dkuwu esa 'kknh t:j dj ldrs gSaA

v nksuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh ikxyiu ds dkj.k fookg ds fy,

lgefr ;k jtkeUnh nsus esa vleFkZ u gksA

v nksuksa esa ls dksbZ Hkh ,slh fnekxh chekjh dk f'kdkj u

gks] ftlls fd og 'kknh ds fy, lgefr rks ns lds]

ijUrq 'kknh fuHkkus ds ;k ifjokj c<+kus ds dkfcy u

gks

v nksuksa esa ls fdlh dks vlk/; ikxyiu u gksA

v 'kknh djus okys iq:"k dh mez de ls de 21 lky

gksuh pkfg;s vkSj efgyk dh mez de ls de 18 lky

gksuh pkfg,A

v 'kknh djus okys O;fDr ,d nwljs ds utnhdh fj'rsnkj

35

ugha gksus pkfg;s] tSls fd ekrk] firk] HkkbZ] cgu] Hkkatk]

Hkkath] Hkrhth] Hkrhtk] ukuh] nknh bR;kfnA ftu yksxksa

ls fookg ugha fd;k tk ldrk] mudh lwph bl dkuwu

esa nh xbZ gSA

fo'ks"k fookg fdl rjg lEiUu gksrk gS \

fo'ks"k fookg ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr ,d vf/kdkjh }kjk

lEiUu fd;k tkrk gSA bUgsa ^fookg vf/kdkjh* dgrs gSa vkSj

budk dk;kZy; vkerkSj ij ftyk dh dpgjh ¼^fMfLVªDV

dksVZ*½ esa gksrk gSA

fookg fdl ftys esa lEiUu gks ldrk gS \

ftl ftys esa fookg djus okys O;fDr;ksa esa ls dksbZ ,d

O;fDr fookg dh lwpuk dh rkjh[k ls igys de ls de 30

fnu ls jg jgk gks] ogk¡ fookg gks ldrk gSA

bl izdkj ds fookg ds fy, fuEu dne mBk, tkrs gSa %

v fookg djus ds bjkns dh lwpuk

fookg djus okys O;fDr vius bl bjkns dh fyf[kr

lwpuk nsaxsA bl lwpuk dk ,d QkeZ feyrk gSA ;g

QkeZ Hkj dj] fookg vf/kdkjh dks nsuk gksxkA QkeZ esa

vius uke] irk] vk;q] O;olk;] bR;kfn t:jh lwpuk,¡

fy[kuh gkasxhA

v lwpuk feyus ij] fookg vf/kdkjh viuh fdrkc esa ;g

lwpuk ntZ djsaxs fQj ml lwpuk dks izlkfjr djsaxsA

36

;kfu lwpuk dks vius dk;kZy; ds fdlh eq[; LFkku ij

yxk;saxsA

v lwpuk ds izlkj.k ds 30 fnu ckn gh fookg lEiUu

fd;k tk;sxkA ;g 30 fnu dk le; blfy;s fn;k

tkrk gS] fd dksbZ O;fDr pkgs] rks fookg dh 'krsZa iwjh u

gksus dk nkok dj ldrk gSA tSls] fookg djus okyksa dh

mez 21 ;k 18 lky ls de gS] ;k mudh igys 'kknh gks

pqdh gS] bR;kfnA

;fn ,slk dksbZ nkok ugha fd;k tkrk rks 30 fnu ds ckn

fookg lEiUu fd;k tk;sxkA

v rhl fnuksa dk le; iwjk gksus ds ckn izkfFkZ;ksa dks nks

eghus ds vUnj 'kknh djuh iM+sxh vFkok mUgsa u;k

uksfVl nsdj iwjh dk;Zokgh nqckjk ls djuh iM+sxhA

v fookg lEiUu gksus ds igys nksuksa O;fDr;ksa dks ,d QkeZ

esa ?kks"k.kk djuh gksxh fd og fookg dh lc 'krsZa iwjh

djrs gSaA xyr ?kks"k.kk nsus ls ltk o tqekZuk gks ldrk

gSA

v fookg dk LFkku fookg vf/kdkjh ds dk;kZy; esa gks

ldrk gSA fookg vf/kdkjh dks vthZ nsdj vkSj dqN

'kqYd nsdj] fdlh vkSj LFkku ij ;k ?kj ij Hkh fookg

fd;k tk ldrk gSA fookg ds le; rhu xokgksa dk

gksuk t:jh gSA fookg djus okys pkgsa rks fdlh Hkh

37

izdkj dh jLe dj ldrs gSaA ijUrq ml jLe ds lkFk

lkFk ;s 'kCn dgus vko';d gSa ^^eSa ¼viuk uke½] vki

¼iq:"k ;k efgyk dk uke½ dks viuk@viuh dkuwuu

ifr@iRuh ekurh gw¡@ekurk gw¡A^^

;g 'kCn cksyus ds ckn fookg lEiUu gks tkrk gS vkSj

fookg vf/kdkjh bls viuh fdrkc esa fy[k ysrs gSaA fookg

djus okys O;fDr] vkSj rhuksa xokg ml fdrkc esa gLrk{kj

djsaxsA

bl izdkj fookg djus ls D;k ykHk gks ldrk gS \

bl izdkj ds fookg ls dbZ ykHk gks ldrs gSa] tSls fd %

v fookg ljy rjhds ls gks ldrk gSA

v fookg ljdkjh vf/kdkjh }kjk fd;k tkrk gS vkSj

mudh fdrkc esa fy[kk tkrk gSA fookg dk izek.k i=

¼eSfjt lfVZfQdsV½ Hkh feyrk gSA blfy;s ckn esa ,sls

fookg dks dksbZ Hkh i{k udkj ugha ldrkA 'kknh dk

izek.k i= 'kknh dk iDdk lcwr gksrk gSA

v nks vyx&vyx /keksaZ ds O;fDr fcuk vius /keZ ds cnys

fookg dj ldrs gSaA

v fo'ks"k fookg dkuwu ds vuqlkj 'kknh djus ls lHkh

O;fDr;ksa dks] pkgs os fdlh Hkh /keZ dks ekurs gksa] ,d gh

rjg ds rykd ds vk/kkj feyrs gSaA

38

fo'ks"k fookg dkuwu esa dkSu&dkSu ls rykd ds vk/kkj

feyrs gSa \

bl dkuwu esa fuEu rykd ds vk/kkj feyrs gSa %

v O;fHkpkj] ;k 'kknh ds ckn fdlh vU; O;fDr ls 'kkjhfjd

lEcU/k tksM+ukA

v nks lky rd yxkrkj ifjR;kxA

v fdlh vijk/k ds fy;s lkr lky ;k vf/kd dh ltk

dkVukA

v Øwjrk ;kfu 'kkjhfjd ;k ekufld nqO;Zogkj

v ikxyiu ;k vU; fdLe dh ekufld chekjh

v Nwr ls gksus okys jfrjksx

v dks<+

v lkr lky rd ykirk gksuk

v ifr 'kknh ds ckn cykRdkj ;k cndkjh dk vijk/kh

gksA

v dksVZ us ifr dks [kpkZ&ikuh nsus dk vkns'k fn;k gks]

vkSj ml vkns'k ds ckn ,d lky ls vf/kd le; ls

ifr&iRuh vyx jg jgs gksaA

v vkilh le>kSrs ls rykd] ;kfu] tgk¡ ifr&iRuh nksuksa

fey ds vthZ nsa fd os ,d lky ls Åij lkFk ugha jgs

vkSj os nksuksa 'kknh dks [kRe djuk pkgrs gSaA blesa dksbZ

dkj.k crkus dh vko';drk ugha gksrhA

39

[kpsZ&ikuh dh O;oLFkk

^[kpsZ ikuh* dk eryc gS Hkj.k&iks"k.k ;k thou cljdjus ds lk/ku] tSls& jksVh] diM+k] edku] cPpksa dh f'k{kkbR;kfnA

gekjs lekt esa vf/kdka'k efgyk;sa [kpsZ ikuh ds fy,fookg ls igys vius firk ij vkSj fookg ds ckn vius ifr ijfuHkZj jgrh gSaA vxj L=h vius ifr ls rykd ysrh gS rks iz'u;g mBrk gS fd mldk [kpkZ ikuh dkSu nsxk \ vly esa blheqís dks ysdj cgqr lh efgyk;sa u pkgrs gq, Hkh vius ifr lkFknq%[kh gksdj fookfgr thou fcrkuk tkjh j[krh gSA

dqN vkneh viuh ifRu;ksa dks NksM+ nsrs gSa ;k rykd ns nsrsgSaA dqN ifr lkFk jgrs gq, Hkh iRuh vkSj cPpksa dks [kpkZ& ikuhugha nsrsA bu fLFkfr;ksa esa L=h cslgkjk ;k etcwj u cu tk;sblds fy, Hkh dkuwu esa O;oLFkk dh x;h gSA rykd'kqnkL=h dks Hkh vius ifr ls vius vkSj vius cPpksa ds fy,

[kpkZ&ikuh izkIr djus dk vf/kdkj gSA

40

[kpkZ&ikuh dkSu nsxk \

rykd nsus okyh vnkyr vkns'k tkjh djxh fd ifr

iRuh dks [kpsZ&ikuh dh jde nsxkA

[kpkZ fdruk vkSj fdl fglkc ls fn;k tkrk gS \

[kpkZ nsus ds fy;s vnkyr bu ckrksa dks /;ku esa j[krh gS %

v vkSjr viuh vko';drk,¡ Lo;a iwjh djus esa vleFkZ gS

v vkneh dh vkenuh ;k tk;nkn fdruh gS]

v vkSjr dh vko';drk,¡ D;k gSa

ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks ns[krs gq, vnkyr [kpsZ dh jde bdB~Bs

;k ekfld :i ls nsus dk vkns'k ns ldrh gSA

;g [kpkZ dc rd feyrk gS \

v tc rd [kpkZ ikus okyk ftUnk jgrk gSA

vxj dksbZ L=h [kpkZ ikus ds ckn nksckjk 'kknh dj ys] rks

D;k rc Hkh mls [kpkZ feyrk jgsxk \

ugha! ml gkyr esa [kpkZ nsus okyk vnkyr dh eatwjh

ysdj [kpkZ nsuk cUn dj ldrk gSA ;fn rykd'kqnk L=h fdlh

vkSj ls 'kkjhfjd lEcU/k j[krh gS] rks Hkh [kpkZ cUn gks ldrk

gSA vxj L=h vius cPpksa dk ikyu&iks"k.k dj jgh gks] rks

mudk [kpkZ ifr dks gj gkyr esa nsuk iM+sxkA

rykd'kqnk L=h dks [kpsZ dh jde dkSu&lh vnkyr

41

fnyok;sxh \

ftl vnkyr esa rykd fy;k x;k gS] ogh vnkyr [kpsZ

dh jde fnyok ldrh gSA rykd dh dk;Zokgh ds nkSjku ;k

mlds ckn] mlh vnkyr esa ,d vthZ nsuh gksxhA vkSj eqíksa ds

lkFk&lkFk vnkyr [kpsZ ds vkns'k Hkh nsxhA

iRuh dk [kpsZ dk vf/kdkj

iRuh dks ifr ls [kpkZ ysus dk vf/kdkj gksrk gSA ;fn

ifr iRuh dks [kpkZ u ns] rks og vnkyr ds tfj;s ifr ls

[kpkZ ys ldrh gSA ;g vf/kdkj fgUnw nÙkd vkSj Hkj.k&iks"k.k

vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds varxZr fn;k tkrk gSA

;fn iRuh fdlh Bksl dkj.k ls ifr ls vyx jgrh gks]

rks Hkh og ifr ls [kpkZ ekax ldrh gSA ,slk Bksl dkj.k gks

ldrk gS %

v ifr us NksM+ fn;k gks

v ifr ds nqO;Zogkj ls Mj ds iRuh vyx jgus yxh gks

v ifr dks dks<+ gks

v ifr dh vkSj dksbZ thfor iRuh gks

v ifr dk fdlh nwljh vkSjr ls vuSfrd lEcU/k gks

v ifr us /keZ cny fy;k gks

iRuh vxj O;fHkpkjh gks ;k /keZ cny ys rks og

[kpkZ ekaxus dh gdnkj ugha jgrhA ¼/kkjk 18½

42

fo/kok dks [kpkZ ikus dk vf/kdkj¼fgUnw nÙkd rFkk Hkj.k&iks"k.k vf/kfu;e] 1956½

fgUnw fo/kok vxj viuh dekbZ ;k lEifr ls viuk [kpkZ ugha

pyk ldrh rks mls bu yksxksa ls [kpkZ feyus dk gd gS %

v ifr dh lEifr esa ls ;k vius ekrk&firk ls

v vius csVs ;k csVh ls ;k mudh lEifr esa ls

bu yksxksas ls ;fn mls [kpkZ u feys rks mlds llqj dks

mldk [kpkZ nsuk gksxkA ;fn og nksckjk fookg dj ysrh gS]

rks llqj ls [kpkZ ysus dk dksbZ gd ugha gksxkA ¼/kkjk 19½

cPpksa] cw<+s ;k nqcZy ekrk firk dk [kpkZ ikusdk vf/kdkj

cPpksa] cw<+s ;k nqcZy ekrk firk dks fuEufyf[kr yksxksa ls

fgUnw nÙkd rFkk Hkj.k iks"k.k vf/kfu;e] 1956 ds rgr

fuEufyf[kr yksxksa ls [kpkZ&ikuh ikus dk gd gS %

v vfookfgr csVh] pkgs mldh mez fdruh Hkh gks] dks

vius ekrk&firk ls [kpkZ feyus dk gd gSA

v tk;t vkSj uktk;t ukckfyx ¼18 lky ls de mez

ds½ cPpksa dks ekrk&firk ls [kpkZ feyus dk gd gSA

v cw<+ ;k 'kkjhfjd :i ls nqcZy ek¡&cki dks vius cPpksa

ls ¼csVs gks ;k csfV;k¡½ [kpkZ feyus dk gd gSA

;g [kpkZ ysus dk gd flQZ ,sls yksxksa dks gS tks viuh

dekbZ ;k lEifr esa ls viuk [kpkZ ugha pyk ldrsA¼/kkjk 20½

43

[kpkZ ikus ds fy;s nhokuh ¼flfoy½ vnkyr esa vthZ

nsuh gksxhA blds vykok ;k blds lkFk&lkFk QkStnkjh

vnkyr esa naM izfØ;k lafgrk dh /kkjk 125 ds varxZr Hkh

vthZ nh tk ldrh gSA vxj dksbZ efgyk viuk [kpkZ mBkus

esa vleFkZ gks] rks QkStnkjh dkuwu esa [kpsZ dh vthZ ns ldrh

gSA ;g [kpkZ ifr ls] firk ls ;k vius iq= ls ekaxk tk ldrk

gSA vthZ nsus ij vnkyr vkns'k nsxh fd ml efgyk dks gj

eghus [kpsZ ds :i esa dqN iSls fn;s tk;saA fdlh O;fDr dks

vnkyr }kjk uksfVl tkjh gksus 60 fnu ds vanj vfxze [kpkZ

ikuh nsuk 'kq: gks tkuk pkfg;sA ;g vthZ igys ntsZ ds

eftLVªsV ds dksVZ esa nsuh gksxhA

44

cPpksa dh vfHkj{kkrykd ds ckn cPpksa dk D;k gksxk \

rykd ds ckn ifr&iRuh vyx&vyx jgrs gSaA blfy;s

muds cPpksa ds flyflys esa dqN leL;k;sa mBrh gSaA cPps fdlds

ikl jgsaxs \ mudk [kpkZ&ikuh dkSu mBk;sxk vkSj dc rd \

rykd ds le; L=h vnkyr dks vthZ ns ldrh gS fd ;s

lc ckrsa Hkh r; dh tk;saA

lHkh gkykrksa dks ns[kdj vnkyr r; djsxh fdcPpk ek¡ ds ikl jgsxk ;k vius firk ds iklA vnkyr;g tkuus dh dksf'k'k djsxh fd cPpk [kqn fdlls ikljguk ialn djrk gSA vkerkSj ls ek¡ dks dkuwuh vf/kdkjgS fd 5 lky dk gksus rd cPpk mlh ds ikl jgsA

ik¡p lky dh mez ds ckn cPpk fdlls ikl jgsxk blckr dk fu.kZ; vnkyr cPps dk fgr /;ku esa j[krs gq, ysxhA

cPps ds fgr dk eryc gS] ek¡ ;k firk esa ls dkSu cPpsdh ns[kHkky csgrj dj ldrk gSA bldk eryc cPps dhftLekuh t:jrsa iwj djuk tSls fd f[kykuk&fiykuk] Ldwy

45

Hkstuk oxSjg vkSj cPps dh ekufld o HkkoukRed t:jrsa iwjhdjuk tSls fd [ksyuk] I;kj djuk] mlds lkFk ckrsa djukA cPpsdh Hkkoukvksa dks dkSu vPNh rjg le> ldrk gS] bl ckr dkHkh /;ku j[kk tkrk gSAvxj ek¡ dh viuh dksbZ vkenuh u gks] rks D;k cPpk mlsugha fn;k tk;sxk \

,slh ckr ugha gSA cPps dk fgr vxj viuh ek¡ ds ikljgus esa gS] rks cPpk ek¡ dks gh fn;k tk;sxkA ,slh fLFkfr esacPpk pkgs firk ds lkFk u jgrk gks] rks Hkh firk dks mldk[kpkZ&ikuh nsuk gksxkAifr vDlj vnkyr ls dgrs gSa fd choh dk pfj= cqjk gS

blfy;s mls cPpk ugha fn;k tkuk pkfg;sA rks D;k vnkyr

;g ckr ekudj cPpk ek¡ dks lkSaius ls bUdkj djsxh \

vnkyr ek¡ dks cPpk lkSaius ls rHkh bUdkj djsxh tc mlsokLro esa tkudkjh feys fd %&v ek¡ dk pfj= cqjk gS] flQZ fdlh L=h dks cqjs pfj=okyh

dgus ls mldk pfj= cqjk ugha ekuk tk ldrk gSA L=hvxj fdlh iq:"k ds lkFk fn[kkbZ Hkh ns rc Hkh bldk;g eryc ugha fudyrk fd mldk pfj= cqjk gS ;k

v ek¡ fdlh fnekxh jksx dh ejht gS] ftlls fd cPps ijcqjk vlj iM+ ldrk gSA ;k

v vxj vkSj dksbZ ,slk dkj.k gks ftlls cPps dks gkfuigq¡p ldrh gS] rks Hkh vnkyr cPpk lkSaius ls bUdkj djldrh gSA

46

lEifÙk dk vf/kdkj

47

lEifÙk dk vf/kdkjgekjs dkuwu gesa ;g gd nsrk gSa fd ge vius fy;s] vius uke ls

tk;nkn [kjhn ldsaA vknfe;ksa dh rjg gh] vkSjrksa dks Hkh lEifÙk dk ekfyd

gksus dk gd gSA

dkuwu ds vuqlkj %&

v gj vkSjr dks vius fy;s] vius uke ls lEifÙk [kjhnus vkSj j[kus dkvf/kdkj gSA

v dksbZ vkSjr viuh lEifÙk dk tks pkgs dj ldrh gS & pkgs og lEifÙkmls feyh gks] ;k mldh dekbZ dh gksA

v gj vkSjr dks ;g gd gS fd viuh dekbZ ds iSls og [kqn ysA og iSlksals tks Hkh djuk pkgs dj ldrh gSA

v vkSjrksa dks Hkh ;g vf/kdkj gS fd vknfe;ksa dh rjg os Hkh lEifÙk[kjhnsa ;k cspsaA

v vkSjrksa dks vius ekrk&firk ;k nwljs fj'rsnkjksa dh lEifÙk dk fgLlkHkh fey ldrk gSA mudks fdlls vkSj fdruk fgLlk fey ldrk gS ;gmuds futh dkuwu ij fuHkZj djrk gSA futh dkuwu dk eryc gS] ogdkuwu tks fdlh ds leqnk; ij ykxw gksrk gSA

lEifÙk esa D;k&D;k phtsa 'kkfey gSa \

ehrk ds firk us mldh 'kknh ds le; mls dqN lksus dh pwfM+;k¡ vkSj,d flykbZ dh e'khu nh FkhA os pwfM+;k¡ vkSj flykbZ dh e'khu ehrk dh lEifÙkgSA

vehuk ,d O;kikjh ds ;gk¡ 'kkyksa ij d<+kbZ djrh gSSA mls gj 'kkydh d<+kbZ ds 50@& :i;s feyrs gSaA vehuk dh ;g dekbZ mldh lEifÙk gSA

tlchj dkSj ds ukuk us mls viuk NksVk lk [ksr nku esa fn;kA og [ksrtLchj dkSj dh lEifÙk gSA

fyyh ,d fey esa dke djrh gSA viuh dekbZ ls mlus dkexkj dkyksuhesa ,d ?kj [kjhnus dk QSlyk fd;kA mlds ifr MsfoM us dgk] ̂ ^;g ?kj esjs ukels gksuk pkfg;s D;ksafd eSa ifjokj dk eqf[k;k gw¡A** ysfdu fyyh dks vius uke ls ?kjysus dk iwjk vf/kdkj gSA og mlds fy;s vkSj mlds cPpksa ds fy, lqj{kk gSA

vc ge futh dkuwu esa tk;nkn ds vf/kdkjksa dks foLrkj ls ns[ksaxsA

48

fgUnw fL=;ksa ds lEifÙk ds vf/kdkjekyk vkSj vk'kk cpiu esa ,d gh Ldwy esa i<+rh Fkha vkSj

rc ls vPNh lgsfy;k¡ gSaA vc ekyk ,d odhy gS vkSj vk'kk

,d Ldwy esa i<+krh gSA yEch chekjh ds ckn ,d fnu vk'kk ds

firk dh e`R;q gks x;hA tc ekyk mlds ?kj vQlksl djus x;h

rks vk'kk cksyh] ̂ ^firkth dh e`R;q ds ckn ls esjk HkkbZ ek/ko ?kj

dh lHkh vkSjrksa ls vPNk O;ogkj ugha djrkA ?kj esa nknh] ek¡]

HkkHkh] esjh fo/kok cgu xkSjh vkSj NksVh fceyk gSaA ek/ko ?kj

pykus ds fy, iwjs iSls Hkh ugha nsrk gS vkSj dgrk gS fd lkjh

lEifr mldh gSA**

ekyk cksyh] ^^D;ksa \ D;k firkth olh;r esa lc dqN mlds

uke fy[k x;s gSa \**

vk'kk us iwNk] ^^olh;r D;k gksrh gS \**

ekyk us dgk] ̂ ^olh;r ,d dkxt gksrk gS ftlesa dksbZ O;fDr

;g fy[krk gS fd mldh e`R;q ds ckn mldh lEifr fdls nh

tk;sA**

rc vk'kk cksyh] ^^ughaA firkth us rks dksbZ olh;r ugha

fy[kok;h FkhA**

ekyk cksyh] ^^vPNkA fQj rks mudh lEifr dk fgLlk ^fgUnw

mÙkjkf/kdkjh vf/kfu;e] 1956* ds vuqlkj gksxkA** ;g ,d

dkuwu gS ftlesa dqN fu;e r; fd;s x;s gSaA ;s fu;e crkrs gSa

49

fd fgUnw iq:"kksa vkSj fL=;ksa dh lEifr dk mudh e`R;q ds ckn

D;k gksxkA

9 flrEcj 2005 rd dkuwu ds vuqlkj %&

v [kkunkuh lEifr og lEifr gksrh Fkh tks fgUnw iq:"k dks

vius iq:"k iwoZtksa ls feyrh FkhA

v fdlh Hkh fgUnw iq:"k dk tUe ls

gh vius ifjokj dh [kkunkuh

lEifr ij vf/kdkj gksrk FkkA

v yM+fd;ksa dk [kkunkuh lEifr

ls tUe ls dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha

FkkA mUgsa [kkunkuh lEifr esa ls

[kkus&ihus] jgus] i<+kbZ o 'kknh dk [kpkZ feyus dk gd

FkkA

vc bl dkuwu esa cnyko vk;k gSA

bl cnyko ds vuqlkj

v yM+fd;ksa dks [kkunkuh lEifr esa mlh izdkj tUe ls

vf/kdkj gS] tSls fdlh fgUnw iq:"k dksA

v ;fn dksbZ [kkunkuh lEifr fnukad 20 fnlEcj 2004 ls

igys csph ;k olh;r dh xbZ gS rc og dkuwu bl

lEifr ij ykxw ugha gksxkA

v ;fn dksbZ [kkunkuh lEifr dk caVokjk dksVZ }kjk ;k

50

fdlh jftLVMZ MhM ls gqvk gS rc ;g dkuwu bl lEifr

ij ykxw ugha gksxkA

v [kkunkuh lEifr esa ls dksbZ O;fDr vius fgLls dh

olh;r fy[k ldrk gSA ;kfu ;g r; dj ldrk gS fd

mldh e`R;q ds ckn [kkunkuh lEifr esa mlds vius

fgLls dk D;k fd;k tk;sA

v ysfdu vxj mlus vius fgLls dh olh;r u fy[kh gks

rks] mlds fgLls dh lEifr mlds okfjlksa esa cjkcj&cjkcj

caV tk,xhA iq:"k ds igys ntsZ ds okfjl gSa]

v mlds csVs

v mldh csfV;k¡

v mldh iRuh

v mldh ek¡

v mlds ejs gq, csVkas ds cPps

v mlds ejh gq, csfV;ksa ds cPps

51

v mldh fo/kok cgq,¡

v mlds ejs gq, iksrksa ds cPps

;fn buesa ls dksbZ okfjl u gks] rks lEifr mlds vU;

lxs&lacaf/k;ksa dks feysxhA

v dksbZ O;fDr ¼iq:"k ;k efgyk½ viuh dekbZ dh lEifr

dh Hkh olh;r fy[k ldrk gSA rc mldh lEifr mlh

dks feysxh ftldk uke olh;r esa gksxkA

v ij ;fn olh;r u fy[kh gks rks mldh viuh dekbZ dh

lEifr Hkh mlds Åij fn, okfjlksa esa ckaVh tk,xhA

lcdks cjkcj fgLlk feysxk & yM+dk gks ;k yM+dhA

ekyk % vPNk vk'kk vki fdrus HkkbZ o cgu gks \

vk'kk % jke HkbZ;k] ek/ko] esjh cgu js[kk vkSj eSaA

ekyk % rks] rqEgkjh [kkunkuh lEifr rqEgkjs firk] rqEgkjs

nksuksa HkkbZ vkSj nksuksa cguksa dh gSA

vk'kk us% vPNk! 9 flrEcj 2005 ls igys gekjs ifjokj dh

dgk [kkunkuh lEifr ds rhu cjkcj fgLls gksrs&

ckcwth dk] esjs HkkbZ jke dk vkSj nwljs HkkbZ

ek/ko dkA ckcwth dks feys 1@3 fgLls esa ls ge

lc ;kfu fd ek¡] nknh] esjh fo/kok HkkHkh] esjk

HkkbZ ek/ko esjh cgu vkSj eq>s cjkcj dk fgLlk

feyrkA Bhd gS uk \ ysfdu dkuwu ds cnyus ds

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ckn [kkunkuh lEifr esa esjs firk vkSj Hkkb;ksa ds

lkFk eq>s cjkcj dk fgLlk feysxkA

vk'kk us fQj iwNk % ij geus rks lquk gS fd yM+fd;ksa dk

firk dh lEifr esa dksbZ vf/kdkj ugha gksrk D;ksafd mudh 'kknh

esa [kpkZ fd;k tkrk gSA

ekyk us le>k;k % iqjkus dkuwu ds eqrkfcd yM+fd;ksa dks

flQZ [kpZs dk vf/kdkj FkkA lu~ 1956 ds ckn vc lEifr esa

fgLls dk Hkh vf/kdkj gS] pkgs 'kknh esa [kpkZ fd;k gks ;k ughaA

vkSj 2005 ds ckn u, dkuwu ds vuqlkj yM+fd;ksa dks [kkunkuh

lEifr esa Hkh viuk fgLlk feysxkA

vk'kk us iwNk % D;k ge vius fgLls dk dqN Hkh dj ldrs gSa\

ekyk us crk;k %

v rqEgkjk fgLlk rqEgkjk viuk gS vkSj rqe mldk tks pkgs

dj ldrh gksA

v o"kZ 1956 ds igys ds dkuwu esa fgUnw fL=;ksa dks ,slh

lEifr ij iwjk vf/kdkj ugha FkkA mUgsa flQZ muds

ftUnk jgus rd lEifr dks bLrseky djus dk gd FkkA

ij 1956 ds ckn ls vkSjrksa dk lEifr ij iwjk gd gSA

v dksbZ vkSjr pkgs rks bls csp ldrh gS] pkgs rks fdlh dks

ns ldrh gS ;k olh;r esa fdlh ds uke NksM+ ldrh gSA

v vxj fo/kok nwljh 'kknh dj ys] rks Hkh xqtjs gq, ifr ls

53

feyh lEifr mldh viuh gh jgsxhA

vk'kk dh ek¡ % ;g crkvks fd bl le; ge ftl ?kj eas jg

jgs gSa mldk D;k gksxk \ ek/ko rks dgrk gS fd ;g iwjk ?kj

mldk gSA D;k og gesa ?kj ls csn[ky dj ldrk gSA

ekyk us le>krs gq, dgk] ^^ij pkph og ,slk ugha dj

ldrk gSA dkuwuu ,slh fLFkfr esa ek/ko tSls O;fDr dh ek¡] nknh

ek¡] vfookfgr cgusa] HkkbZ] muds choh cPps] fo/kok ;k ifr }kjk

NksM+h gqbZ cgusa] fo/kok HkkHkh lHkh ml ?kj esa rc rd jg ldrs

gSa tc rd fd ?kj gSA bl ?kj esa jgus dk gd vkidks] nknh dks]

jke HkS;k dh choh vkSj cPpksa dks] xkSjh dks vkSj fceyk dks Hkh

gSA ek/ko vkidks ;gk¡ ls ugha fudky ldrkA**

vk'kk us iwNk] ^^D;k bldk eryc ;g gS eq>s ;gk¡ jgus dk

vf/kdkj ugha gS \**

ekyk us crk;k] ugha] 'kknh ds ckn rqe ;gk¡ gd ds rkSj ij

54

rks ges'kk ugha jg ldrh gksA gk¡ rqEgsa ;g gd gS fd ?kjokyksa

ls feyus vk;k djksA tc edku fcd tk;sxk rks rqEgsa vius

fgLls ds iSls fey tk;saxsA

xkSjh us iwNk] ^^eSa rks fo/kok gw¡A ek/ko dgrk gS fd eSa ml

ifjokj dh gw¡ tgk¡ esjk fookg gqvk FkkA og eq>s Hkh ?kj ls

fudkyus dh /kedh ns jgk gSA**

bl ij ekyk us le>k;k] ^^ugha] og ,slk ugha dj ldrkA

vxj og rqEgsa fudkyus dh dksf'k'k djrk gS rks rqEgsa dksVZ esa

vthZ nsuh pkfg;sA dksVZ ek/ko dks ,slk djus ls jksd nsxkA vxj

,slk gksus dh laHkkouk yxs rc rqe eq>s crkuk] eSa rqEgkjh enn

d:¡xhA**

55

vk'kk dh ek¡ us dgk] ̂ ^eq>s yxrk gS fd ek/ko gesa ges'kk rax

djrk jgsxkA vPNk rks ;gh gksxk fd ge bl ?kj ds fgLls dj

ysaA ge lkjh vkSjrsa vyx ls lkFk jgdj xqtkjk dj ysaxhA**

[kkunkuh lEifr dk dksbZ Hkh gdnkj ?kj ds caVokjs dh

ekax dj ldrk gSA vk'kk Hkh caVokjs dh ekax dj ldrh gSA

fQj vk'kk us iwNk] ^^,d ckr vkSj crk ekyk] ek/ko dgrk gS

fd nknh] ek¡] xkSjh vkSj HkkHkh ds xgus ifjokj dh lEifr gSaA

D;k ;g lp gS \**

bl ij ekyk us crk;k] ugha xgus ;k dksbZ vU; migkj tks

fdlh vkSjr dks fn;s tkrs gSa] L=h/ku dgykrk gSA ml ij

ges'kk L=h dk gh vf/kdkj gksrk gSA L=h dk mu ij iwjk

vf/kdkj gksrk gSA L=h dks iwjk vf/kdkj gS fd vius L=h/ku dk

tSlk pkgs mi;ksx djsA og pkgs mls csp ns] pkgs fdlh dks nku

dj nsA caVokjs dh ckr flQZ ml lEifr dh gS tks firkth NksM+

x;s gSaA L=h/ku caVokjs ls ijs gS vkSj ml ij flok; ml L=h ds

ftlds xgusa vkfn gSa fdlh vkSj dk dksbZ gd ugha gSA**

56

vk'kk dh ek¡ us ,d vkSj iz'u fd;k] ^^vxj vk'kk ds

firkth olh;r NksM+ tkrs gSa rks D;k gesa T;knk fgLlk feyrk\

ekyk us crk;k] ^^;g bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrk gS fd olh;r

esa fy[kk D;k gSA dksbZ O;fDr olh;r esa vxj viuh lEifr

fdlh ds uke dj ns] rks ftudk uke olh;r esa u gks mudk

ml ij dksbZ gd ugha gksrk gSA**

vk'kk dgus yxh] ^^esjh lgsyh ds firk us viuh lkjh lEifr

viuh cgw ds uke dj nh Fkh D;ksafd mUgsa ;dhu Fkk fd mudk

'kjkch csVk muds ifjokj dks ugha laHkky ik;sxkA**

ekyk us dgk] ̂ ^gk¡ olh;r cukrs le; O;fDr dks ;g /;ku esa

j[kuk pkfg, fd mldh lEifr lgh yksxksa ds ikl tk;sA**

nhnh cksyh] ^^csVh] D;k vkSjrsa Hkh olh;r fy[k ldrh gSa \**

ekyk us dgk] ^^gk¡ nhnh t:jA gj O;fDr dks iq:"k gks ;k

efgyk] viuh bPNk ds vuqlkj viuh lEifr dh olh;r djus

dk gd gSA**

vk'kk dh ek¡ us iwNk] ^^vxj dksbZ vkSjr olh;r u fy[ks] rks

mldh lEifr dk D;k gksxk \

ekyk cksyh] fdlh fgUnw L=h ds ejus ij mldh lEifr mlds

okfjlksa dks feysxhA vkSjr ds igys ntsZ ds okfjl gSa %

v csVk v csVh

v ifr v xqtjs gq, csVs ;k csVh ds cPps

buesa ls dksbZ okfjl u gks] rks vkSjr ds ifr ds fj'rsnkjksa

dks lEifr feysxhA

57

olh;r dSls fy[ksa v viuk iwjk uke fy[ksaa

v vius firk ;k ifr dk uke fy[ksaa

v viuk iwjk irk fyf[k;s

v viuh tk;nkn ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls fyf[k;s

v ftUgsa tk;nkn nsuk pkgrh gSa mudk uke vkSj irk lkQ

rjhds ls fyf[k;s

v ;g t:j fyf[k;s dh olh;r vki viuh [kqyh ethZ ls]

fcuk ncko ds vkSj iwjh gks'k esa fy[k jgh gSa

v olh;r fy[kus dh rkjh[k Mkfy;s

v olh;r ij gLrk{kj dhft;s

v nks xokgksa ds gLrk{kj] uke vkSj irk gksuk pkfg;s

;kn jf[k;s] olh;r ls flQZ O;fDr dh e`R;q ds ckn tk;nkn

fdlh dks fey ldrh gSA

dsoy olh;r fy[kus ls dksbZ vkidh lEifr dk gdnkj ugha gks

tkrkA

olh;r fdlh lk/kkj.k dkxt ij fy[kh tk ldrh gSA bls

fy[kus ds fy;s odhy dh t:jr ugha gSA gk¡] lgh <ax ls

fy[kus ds fy;s odhy dh lgk;rk ys ldrs gSaA

olh;r dks iathd`r ¼jftLVj½ djokuk t:jh ughaA gk¡] iathd`r

djokus ls olh;r xqe ugha gks ldrh] u gh xyr gkFkksa esa iM+

ldrh gSA

58