NAME ____________________________________ PERIOD _______ DATE __________________

FINAL EXAM REVIEW (86)

1. A student designed an experiment to study how temperature affects the rate at which enzymes digest protein. She put equal masses of liver into four equal-sized test tubes, brought the test tubes to different temperatures, introduced equal amounts of enzyme into each tube and measured the duration of the chemical reaction. What factors were held constant in the experiment?

2. A student hypothesized that robins prefer large bird houses to small ones. He built four bird houses of different sizes to test his hypothesis. What was the independent variable in the student’s study?

Base your answers to the following questions on the information and diagrams below.

Saltwater plants of the same species were grown in soil in separate containers with 1 liter of water. All of the plants were the same height at the beginning of the experiment. Different amounts of salt were dissolved in each container as shown in the diagrams. All other conditions were held constant. Measurements for the final height of each plant are provided.

3. What is the problem or testable statement for this experiment?

4. Write a possible hypothesis for this experiment.

5. What is the dependent variable for this experiment?

6. What is the control for this experiment?

7. Define atom.

8. What is the difference between an element, a compound and a mixture? Give an example of each.

USE THE PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER QUESTION #9

9. Which element has 13 protons, 14 neutrons and 13 electrons? __________________________

10. Given a periodic table:

How do you find the number of protons in an element?

How do you find the number of neutrons?

How do you find the number of electrons?

________________________________11. The unit used to express liquid volume.

________________________________12. The unit used to express length.

________________________________13. The unit used to express density.

________________________________14. The unit used to express mass.

15. Which instrument is used to calculate:

______________________________________ Mass of an object

______________________________________ Volume of a liquid

______________________________________ Length of an object

16. ___________________ ______________________ is how to find the volume of an irregularly- shaped object. (Hint: putting it in a graduated cylinder and measuring the difference.)

17. Find the volume of the object using the graduated cylinders below.

Final Volume = ___________

Initial volume = ___________

Volume of object = ___________

18. Using the picture, the mass of the object is ____________

19. Given the mass from Q. #17 and the volume of the object from Q. #16, what is the density of the object?

20. Compare and contrast the 3 states of matter. Include information about each one’s shape, volume, the arrangement and motion of particles.

21. Convert 2.37 grams to:

kilograms ______________ centigrams _______________ milligrams ________________

22. Below are examples of physical and chemical changes. Place a Letter P next to the physical changes, and a Letter C next to the chemical changes.

______ rusting metal ______ripping paper _____burning wood _____water freezing

_______ salt dissolving in water _______ mixing 2 liquids and a gas evolves.

23. Define conduction, convection, radiation and give an example of each.

24. Using a colored pen/pencil, draw arrows to show how smoke would move if a lit punk was placed in tube A.

25. Why does the air flow in this direction?

A B

25. Define: renewable resource –

non-renewable resource –

26. How are rocks and minerals similar? How are they different?

27. Define:

Igneous rock

Sedimentary rock

Metamorphic rock

28. What is the relationship between cooling rate and crystal size in an igneous rock?

29. Name and describe the 5 agents of physical weathering.

30. Number the following in order from the most permeable (#1) to the least permeable (#4).

silt/mud ______ coarse sand _______ gravel _________ fine sand _____

31. How are continental crust and oceanic crust different? How does this affect the outcome (features formed) when they collide?

32. How did scientists get information about the interior of the Earth?

33. Describe the evidence Wegener used to support the Theory of Continental Drift. What evidence was he lacking to help prove his theory?

34. Define the three types of stress and identify the type of fault they create and which boundary they are associated with.

1.

2.

3.

35. According to the theory of sea-floor spreading, where on the ocean floor are the youngest and oldest rocks found?

36. If the difference in arrival times of the P and S waves is far apart, what is true about the distance to the epicenter? * Know how to read the chart on page 161 P and S waves and distance to epicenter.

37. Where are most earthquakes and volcanoes found?

38. Define a hot spot volcano.

39. How do temperature, gases and silica affect the viscosity of lava and how a volcano will erupt?

40. Describe the difference between a shield, cinder cone and composite volcano.

41. What are the four main layers of the atmosphere and what determines where one layer ends and another begins?

42. What happens to air pressure as you go from the surface of the Earth upward through the atmosphere?

43. What is air pressure and how do you measure it?

44. In what ways does burning fossil fuels negatively affect the Earth’s energy budget?

45. List and describe the four air masses that affect the United States in terms of temperature and humidity.

1.

2.

3.

4.

46. Which wind belt moves weather across the United States? _____________________________________

47. The deflection of the winds due to the Earth’s rotation is called : ________________________________

48. As the wet and dry bulb temperatures get closer together, what happens to relative humidity?

49. How do clouds form?

50. Name the cloud that is:

high in altitude and made of ice crystals _______________________________________

puffy _________________________________

layered and produces drizzle __________________________________________

a storm cloud _______________________________________________________

51. How do greenhouse gases affect the Earth’s temperature?

52. What kind of weather is associated with a low pressure system?

53. What kind of weather is associated with a high pressure system?

54. What kind of weather follows a cold front?

55. What kind of weather follows a warm front?

56. Define:

isobar –

isotherm -

57. Draw a station model: *refer to key on page 214 in Module F Earth’s Weather & Atmosphere book.

Air pressure 29.2 inches Overcast/cloudy skies Air temperature 65° F .3 inches of precipitation Dew point temperature 56° F Wind speed: 14 mph

Wind direction: southwest

58. How does the tilt of the Earth’s axis and revolution affect seasons?

59. During a lunar eclipse, the moon is in the _______________________________ phase.

During a solar eclipse, the moon is in the ________________________________ phase.

60. Which 2 positions would the moon be in during a Spring tide? _________ & ___________

Neap tide? _________ & __________

61. As the moon moves from position C to position A, the amount of light on the

moon’s surface _________________________________.

62. As the moon moves from position A back to position C, the amount of light on the

moon’s surface _________________________________.63. What two factors keep the planets in orbit around the sun?

C

D

B

A

64. The spinning of the Earth on its axis is called __________________________________________. 65. The Earth travelling once around the Sun is called _____________________________________.

66. The moon goes through phases because of its __________________________________around the Earth.

67. Night and day are caused by the Earth’s ___________________________________________.

68. Using the H-R Diagram:

Where are the brightest, hottest stars?

Where are the coolest, dimmest stars?

Compare Rigel to Sirius B.

69. A star the size of the sun will become a ______________________________ when it dies.

70. A massive star will become either a ___________________________ or

______________________________________ at the end of its life cycle.

Type X Type Y Type Z

71. Which galaxy is: _______ irregular _______ spiral ________ elliptical

72 Compare the inner planets with the outer planets.

73. How does distance from the sun affect a planet’s orbital period?

74. What is red shift and how does it support the Big Bang Theory?

75. What is the difference between a meteoroid, meteor and meteorite?