3 Stupa

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Early Buddhist Stupas and Their Decoration

ArtH 160: Introduction to Asian Art

Thursday, September 8, 2011

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Maurya Dynasty

ca. 322-185 BCE

King Ashoka (r. 273-232 BCE))

Paliputra

Sarnath

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Basic Buddhist Concepts

Gautama Siddhartha (ca. 556-c. 486 BCE)

ShakyamuniBuddha

Karma and rebirth

Dependent origination: nothing exists independent of everything

else

Impermanence: everything changes; permanence is an illusion

Enlightenment and nirvana

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The First Sermon at Sarnath

(Putting in motion the wheel of the law)

First Sermon at Sarnath: Four Noble Truths and Eightfold Path

1. Life is suffering;

2. Suffering is caused by attachment/desire;

3. One can end suffering by eliminating attachment/desire;

4. The way to ending suffering is the Eightfold Path: 1. Right

knowledge/understanding; 2. Right purpose/resolve; 3.

Right speech; 4. Right conduct; 5. Right livelihood; 6.

Right effort; 7. Right self-awareness; 8. Right meditation

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Bharhut

Sanchi

Indus Valley (ca. 2500-1500 BCE)

Vedic Period (ca. 1500-500 BCE)

Maurya Dynasty (c. 382-185 BCE)

Shunga Dynasty (ca. 185-73 BCE)

Sarnath

Bhaja

Buddhist Architecture

Stupa

Chaitya Hall

Vihara

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The Early Buddhist Stupa

Stupa #2 at Sanchi

Shunga Dynasty, 2nd century BCE

Stupa inside hall at Bhaja

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Principal Components of the Buddhist Stupa

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Cosmological Orientation of the Buddhist Stupa

axis mundi "world axis"

mandala

sacred circle

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The Bodhi Tree at Bodh Gaya

Harmika of Stupa 1 at Sanchi

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Great Stupa at Sanchi

plan and elevation

Four Gates:East: Birth

South: Enlightenment

West: First Sermon

North: Death

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Stupa #1 (the Great Stupa) at Sanchi

Founded by King Ashoka, completed during

Early Andhra Period, ca. 50 BCE 50 CE

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Ritual of circumambulation

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Decoration of Stupa Railings at Bharhut, Sanchi

Bharhut,

2nd century BCE

height of railing c. 9',

torana c. 20'

Sanchi Stupa 1,

1st century CE

height of pillars c. 12',

torana c. 34'

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Sanchi Stupa 1, South Gate

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Sanchi Stupa 1, South Gate, 1st

century CE

Ashokan Lion Capital at

Sarnath, 3rd century BCE

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East Gate of Stupa #1 at

Sanchi

Early Andhra Period, ca.

50 BCE 50 CE

Yakshi

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Yakshi on East Gate of Sanchi Stupa #1

Yakshi (female) nature, fertility spirit

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Stupa Gate from Bharhut


Red sandstone, h. ca. 7

Indian Museum, Calcutta

St ili f Bh h t

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Stupa railing from Bharhut


Red sandstone, h. ca. 7

Indian Museum, Calcutta

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Yakshi on East Gate of Sanchi Stupa #1 Yakshi from railing of Bharhut Stupa

1st century CE 2nd century BCE

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Yakshi on pillar

from Bharhut (?);

Norton SimonMuseum

Bh h t S hi

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Yaksha male nature,

fertility spirit

Bharhut Sanchi

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Jataka of the Monkey KingFrom the railing of the Bharhut

Stupa


jataka story (previous

lives of the Buddha)

continuous narrative

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Mandala: "map" of the cosmos

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Sand Mandala at the Pacific Asia Museum

Mandala of Avalokiteshvara (Bodhisattva of Compassion)

Blessing Ceremony 9/7/11

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Sand Mandala at LACMA, Oct. '03 Jan. '04

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3 Stupa

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