Normans: The Second Generation

R ob ert IID u ke o f N orm an d y

(1 0 8 7 -1 1 0 6 ){c . 1 0 5 1 -1 1 3 4 }

R ich ard{< 1 0 5 6 -1 0 7 5 }

W illiam II{1 0 5 6 -1 1 0 0 }

H en ry IE n g lan d (1 1 0 0 -1 1 3 5 )

N orm an d y (1 1 0 6 -1 1 3 5 ){1 0 6 8 -1 1 3 5 }

A d e lam . S tep h en o f B lo is

d . 1 1 3 7

W illiam Im . M atild a

William Rufus

White Tower Completed

White Tower Completed

Tower Fireplace

Tower garde-robe

Investiture Controversy

1075 Pope Gregory declares and the Lateran Council agrees that only the Pope:

Can appoint, remove or move churchmenQuestion of homage

Rufus and Anselm

• Archbishop of Canterbury 1093

• Refuses request for £2000, offers £500

• 1095 Differences over Pope

Rufus and Anselm

• Rufus refuses to hold church council- Issues– simony– sodomy– vacant churches

• Anselm to Rome 1097• Return refused

Rufus and the C

hurch

[ Anselm ]

Henry I

Robert Curthose, effigy, Gloucesster

From Flickr

Henry I and the Church Investiture

1100 Recall of Anselm – Persuades barons to support Henry over

Robert. Ultimatum to Henry that any waiver of investiture depended upon the Pope.

1101 Henry threatens to break with the Pope if he does not yield.

Investiture (2)

1102 Pope gives primacy to Anselm. Adamant on investiture but softer on clerical homage.

1102 Henry supports synod Council of London • Denounce simony, sodomy, lax discipline

and wild dress and enforce celibacy.

Investiture (3)

1103 Anselm again goes into exile.

1103-5 Three warning letters from the Pope to Henry threatening excommunication.

1105 Anselm goes to Rome

1106 Compromise–no investitures but clerical homage.

1107 Agreement of London

Hugh the Chanter on the investiture settlement

But at length the king renounced investitures because of [the threat of] interdict and anathema by the Roman church, a renunciation by which he lost little or nothing, a little indeed of his royal dignity but absolutely nothing of his power to enthrone whomever he wished.Professor Timothy Reuter, University of Southampton. Hugh the Chanter, The History of the Church of York, 1066-1127, ed. C. Johnson, revised ed. by. M. Brett, C.N.L. Brooke and M. Winterbottom, Oxford Medieval Texts (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990), p. 22. Translated by T. Reuter.

http://www.keele.ac.uk/history/currentundergraduates/tltp/PAPACY/COMMENTS/CD4COM11.HTM

Monetary Reform (1108)

• “he who was caught passing bad denarii should not escape by redeeming himself but should lose his eyes and members “

• “…since denarii were often picked out, bent, broken, and refused, he decreed that no denarius or obol, which he said were to be round, or even a quadrans, if it were whole, should be refused “

Monetary Reform (1107-1108)

• Cut edges to prevent plating• Round half penny replaces

split penny

Monetary Reform (1124)

• Enforcement “…the Bishop Roger of Salisbury sent over all England, and bade [moneyers] come to Winchester at Christmas. … were they [the ones judged guilty of false coinage] taken one by one, and deprived each of the right

hand and the testicles beneath.” • Elimination of some mints and of periodic

changes in coinage. Control of mints on Welsh border.

Administrative ReformExchequer

• 1110-1 First recorded exchequer – marriage of his daughter

• 1130 Oldest extant pipe roll

Components – Tally Sticks

Components – Court of Audit

Components – Abbreviato

The Abbreviato is a working version of Domesday with notes. Used by Exchequer.

13th C., Westminster Abbey

Components – Pipe Rolls

• Not yet• 1826 George IV• 1399 Henry IV• 1535 Henry VIII• 1461 Edward IV

When Did This System End?

✔

Turner

Bastard Diplomacy

• Sybil (1107) Alexander of Scotland• Juliane (1103) Eustace, lord of Breteuil • Maud Fitzedith (1103) Rotrou II, Count of

Perche • Maud (c1113) Conan III 'le Gros', Duke of

Brittany

Bastard Diplomacy

• Aline (1126) - Matthew de Montmorenci, constable of France

• Daughter - Fergus, Lord of Galloway• Maud of Cornwall (c1165) - Robert de

Beaumont, Earl of Mellent (Count of Meulan)