3 perek.bialas-praga perek-bialas_30.05.2012 to give

Combining paid work and family care-giving in Poland Jolanta Perek-Białas

Institute of Statistics and Demography, Warsaw School of Economics

Institute of Sociology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Poland

IFA, Prague, Czech Republic

30.05.2012

1 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of

Economics, Jagiellonian University

Four possible situations

CARE

YES NO

WORK YES Usually full time

working and caring as

primary carer

Not popular in PL

NO Not active – on

retirement – the

consequnces of early

exit from the labour

market

Not popular in PL

Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of


2

Dominant in the past and still at present

Dominant in the future

Less or even no problems for the state!

More problems for families

Main issue

This is important to think about conflict between

increased employment rate of workers (female) and

increased need for giving a care to older family members

– solutions?

There is a need to think not only on macro organization

of health care system but as well on mezo and micro level

in these countries beyond the health care systems

(regional differences)



Polish society with its traditional family model considers

care of a dependant older persons to be an obligation of

a society and of primary importance to the wellbeing of

seniors.

Different surveys show that the majority of society (like

in the study of Kotowska 2008 as much as 90 %) think

that the care of older people should be the duty of their

children or other relatives (respectively 80%).

How it is organized and what are

preferences?

4

Adult population who feel that dependent elderly

people have to rely too much on their relatives

Source: Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries) 5 Jolanta Perek-Bialas, Warsaw School of


The importance of the family as the primary caregivers

and the location of care in the household of the care

recipients is undoubtful in opposition to the

institutionalized care.

The study of Eurofamcare showed that 87% of

respondents - carers declared that they would not place

the older person in a care home institution under any

circumstances. Only 11% would consider such an option if

the condition of the person they cared for would worsen

(Czekanowski 2006: 105).

Family vs. institutions

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Attitudes regarding care for the

elderly Source: Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries)



Availability and access to nursing

homes Source: Health and long-term care in the European Union, Special Eurobarometer 283/ Wave 67.3 – TNS Opinion & Social, 2007 (selected countries)



WORK or/and CARE

Employers

(ASPA project)

Working care

giver (VW project)



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Not working persons who need to take care (Human Balance Capital)

Source: see Praca a obowiązki 2005, p. 39 and as well Szatur-Jaworska, Rysz-Kowalczyk 2007

Share of women and men who provide care for

persons aged 60 and more by age (% of persons in

age group)

10

Social policy context

Current situation: so far exisiting standard measures

including some financial allowonces and access to nursing

services and nursing homes

i.e. 14 days of paid leave per year if someone is employed

Proposal: nursing insurance – initiative of the MP (leading

party) and a group of experts – so called „Green book”

launched in September 2010

Working caregiver perspective

VW project

Typical conflicts at work

Lack of concentration and constant “thinking” of the

care

Tiredness and stress, worsened physical condition (e.g

spine aches)

Hindrance or limitation to their professional careers or

working opportunities (taking part in trainings, conferneces,

etc)

Changes to organization/hours of work („bringing work

home”, re-arranging work schedule, need to take a sick leave)

Lack of possibility for additional income

The self – employed : fewer conflicts, reconciliation easier

21 persons reported „no impact” on work

situation

Typical conflicts in private life

Lack of time „for everything”

Conflicts with family members (very often with siblings)

Everyday stress, hassle

Depression

Health deterioration

Abandonment of social life, limited possibility for relax

and leisure activities

Dimensions of help/support

Help with the care („sharing” care tasks)

Help to the carer (e.g exemption from other household duties)

Help on everyday basis

Occasional/emergency help

Active help (with caring tasks) Psychological help

Financial help

Support measures received by our

working carers

WORK – occasional & emergency

• No formal regulations, only informal agreements with line managers

• Co-workers as „potential substitution” at work

STATE - everyday basis

• Home carers (co-financed by the families of the elderly)

• Financial subsidy

FAMILY – everyday basis & emergency & occasional

• spouse and children

• extended family (including financial support)

FRIENDS, NEIGHBOURS

HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

THIRD SECTOR

Successful strategies

Instrumental strategies

Psychological strategies

Family:

„networking”

„supplementing”

„linking method”

Logistics and good organization

Time out (leisure, sports)

Stress management/positive thinking

Work as balance

Thinking ahead

Some needs and expectations

Towards different state stakeholders:

System of information

Daily care centers, especially in rural area

Increase number of hours of formal carers

Possibility to have support in case of emergency

Towards employers:

Work from home

Flexible working hours

Towards civil society:

Creating social networks (neighbouring support at local leven

needed)

Not working caregiver perspective

Balance of Human Capital Survey, 2011

NOT able to WORK because of CARE

7% of respondents is saying that it makes difficult to find a

job because of a need to take care of older family

member

Mostly:

Women (~70%)

rural and cities between 100-199 th (13.6%)

45-54 (31.5%)

Married/partners

Education



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Source: Human Capital Balance Survey, 2011, 2nd Wave

Employers perspective

ASPA project

Disruption from care responsibilities



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Source: ASPA project, own calculation for selected countries, sample size of PL = 1044

How often do family elder care responsibilities (e.g. towards parents, parents-in-law etc.) disrupt the daily work of older employees (50-plus)?

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

Never Occasionally Often

Men Women

Work – care options

(occasionally/often)

1. Abseentism/Sick leave - 46.9%

2. Reduce working hours - 28.2%

3. Retire early - 24%

4. Give up working - 9.5%

5. Increase working hours - 9.5%



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Source: ASPA project, own calculation for selected countries, sample size of PL = 1044

Q: Employees cope differently with the combination of work and family elder care responsibilities. To balance work and care, how often do older employees (50-plus) choose to ...

Some recommendations

1. Various, tailored and adequate solutions of helping

employed who have to work and care

2. More public debate with various actors to implement

various measures

3. More education and information to explain what could be

done to help working caregivers

General recommendations

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Introduction flexible forms of work (ie. different hours)

special leaves of absence and allowances (the risk that the

idea is great but who can finance it?)

support in care giving obligations (NGO’s)

special bonuses from employers (ie. financial and as well

additional help)

More concrete recommendations for

reconciliation work and care

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remuneration for the persons caring for their old

relatives

enabling non-full time employment

assuring (by the State) public services for the care givers

organization of trainings and workshops dealing with the

practical problems of caring for an older person

social actions promoting family bonds and raising

awareness about the duties towards elderly parents

More detailed recommendations for

reconciliation work and care

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References

Activating Senior Potentials in Ageing Europe

http://www.aspa-eu.com/



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Carers@Work

Between Job and Care: Conflict or Opportunity?

A Strategy for Securing Sustainable Future Care

and Productivity Potentials in an Ageing Society -

A European Comparison

Project with J. Stypińska at the Jagiellonian

University, Cracow, Poland

http://www.carersatwork.tu-dortmund.de/en/index.php

References

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