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Analele Universitatii Constantin Brncusi din Trgu Jiu, Seria Stiinte Juridice, Nr. 1/2011

SUSPENDAREA, REVOCAREA SI RECESS, RESCISSION AND

ANULAREA ACTELOR INVALIDATION OF THE

ADMINISTRATIVE ADMINISTRATIVE DOCUMENTS

Prof. univ. dr. Pantelimon MANTA Univ. prof.PhD. Pantelimon MANTA

Facultatea de Stiinte Juridice si Litere Faculty ofJuridical Sciences and LettersUniversitatea Constantin Brncusi Tg-Jiu University Constan

tin BrncusiTg-Jiu

Abstract: Suspendarea actelor Abstract: The recess of the administrativeadministrative presupunea ntreruperea temporara, documents suppose

s the temporary, provisional cessationprovizorie a execut arii actelor administrative si se of the administrative documents and can be disposedpoate dispune atunci cnd exist a un dubiu, o when there isa doubt, an incertitude regarding theincertitudine cu privire la, legalitatea sau lawfulness

and opportunity of an administrativeoportunitatea unui act administrativ. document.

Suspendarea se poate de organul emitent , The recess can be realized by the issuing organ,de organul ierarhic superior si nu de instanta by the super

ior hierarchic body and not by the trialjudec atoreasca. instance.

Revocarea actelor administrative Therescission of the administrative documentsdesemneaza operatiunea juridica prin care organul appoints the ju

ridical operation through which the issuingemitent dispune retragerea propriului act fie ca body disposes t

hat the withdrawal of its own document tourmare a dispozitiilor organului ierarhic superior. be as resul

t of the disposals of the superior hierarchicDaca, n principiu, actele administrative body.sunt revocabile, exista si exceptii de la aceasta Incase that, principally, administrativeregula, care privesc actele administrative documents are r

evocable, there are also exceptions fromindividuale, cele normative fiind ntotdeauna this rule, concer

ning individual administrative documents,revocabile. the normative o

nes being always revocable.

Cuvinte cheie: act administrativ, Keywords: administrative document,

suspendare, revocare, legalitate, exceptii de la adjournment,rescission, lawfulness, exceptions fromprincipiul revocabilit atii. revocability pr


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inciple

n mare masura, regimul juridic In a great measure, the juridical regimeaplicabil actelor administrative este that canbe applied to administrativecuprins n dispozitiile Legii nr. 554/2004, documents

is a part of Law no. 554/2004,privind contenciosul administrativ. n concerningthe contentious administrativeconformitate cu prevederile acestei legi, matters. Acco

rding to the provisions of thisactele administrative pot face nu numai law, the

administrative documents can beorganele administratiei publice, ci si alte realized not on

ly by the public administrationorgane ale statului si chiar organizatii bodies, butalso other organs of the state andparticulare, atunci cnd realizeaza o even particular o

rganizations, when realized anactivitate de organizare a executarii si de activity ofexecution and for the concreteexecutare n concret a legii. execution of thislaw.

Suspendarea actelor admnistrative Adjournment of the administrative

Obligatia de executare pentru actele documentsadministrative poate sa nceteze fie n mod Theliability of execution for

Annals of the Constantin Brncusi University of Trgu Jiu, Juridical Sciences Series,

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temporar, fie n mod definitiv. ncetarea administrative documents can cease eithertemporara a obligatiei de executare a temporary or

in a definitive manner. Theactelor administrative constituie o temporary cessatio

n of the execution liabilitysuspendare a executarii lor. of the administrativ

e documents represents anDeci, prin suspendare se ntelege adjournment of their e

xecution.operatiunea juridica, care determina So, bytemporary adjournment wencetarea temporara, provizorie a understand the juridical operation, determiningefectelor actelor administrative. Ea este the temporary,provisional cessation of the

dispusa, de regula cnd exista un dubiu administrative documents effects. It iscu privire la legalitatea sau oportunitatea disposed, as a


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rule, when there is a doubtunui act. Cnd exista certitudinea n ce regarding the lawfulnessor the opportunity ofpriveste aceasta nelegalitate sau a document.inoportunitate se ia o masura definitiva de When there i

s certainty concerning thisncetare a efectelor actului administrativ, illegality or inopport

uneness would be taken acum ar fi revocarea, anularea. 1. Pentru definitive measu

re for cessation of thedezvoltare , a se vedea Antonie Iorgovan, administrativedocument effects, likeTratat de drept administrativ, Editura All rescission or invali

dation. 1. For enlargement,Beck, Bucuresti, 2005. to be seen Antonie Iorgovan, Administrative

n sfera notiunii de suspendare a law treaty, AllBeck Publishing House,actelor administrative se cuprind n Bucharest, 2005.

primul rnd toate cazurile de ncetare In the area of the notion of adjournmenttemporara a obligatiei de executare dupa of the administr

ative documents, would beintrarea n vigoare a actului administrativ, contained, first of al

l, the cases for temporaryadica dupa nceperea producerii de efecte cessation of th

e execution liability, afterjuridice, dar trebuie cuprinse si cazurile entering in force the administrative document,de amnare temporara a producerii namely after ce

ssation of juridical effectsefectelor si deci si a executarii, atunci cnd production, but must b

e contained all cases ofaceasta ar fi putut sau ar fi trebuit sa fie temporary postp

one of producing effects andnceputa. this way for execution, when this might have

Singura conditie necesara n ambele been or might have notbeen started.cazuri este ca ncetarea obligatiei de The onlynecessary condition in allexecutare sa fie temporara, limitata si cases is that the ce

ssation of execution liabilitydeterminata n timp, fiind indiferent daca should be temporary,limited and determinedtermenul pna la care opereaza este in time, no matt

er if the term until whichprevazut expres sau depinde de ndeplinirea would be processedis specifically mentionedunei anumite conditii. or depends o

n the execution of certainmpotriva posibilitatii si necesitatii conditions.

institutiei suspendarii actelor administrative Against thepossibility and necessity tos-ar putea argumenta ca aceasta ar duce la adjourn the admi

nistrative documents, mightsuspendarea nsasi a legii, deoarece aceasta be argued that

this would lead to these realizeaza n principal de organele suspension of law, as

these are mainly realized


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administratiei publice. by the public administration bodies.

Totusi trebuie aratat ca nsasi It shouldalso be showed that law andlegea si respectarea legalitatii cer ca respecting it require that the activity of publicactivitatea organelor administratiei publice administration bodie

s to be according to them.sa fie conforme acestora. To thisextent, sometimes, it is

n acest sens, uneori, este absolut absolutely necessary to be adjourned thenecesar sa se suspende executarea unui act execution of an administrative document on

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administrativ asupra caruia exista dubii, which are doubts, incertitude regarding itsincertitudini cu privire la legalitatea sau lawfulness and opportunity, to give theoportunitatea sa, tocmai pentru a se da opportunity forthe competent body to verifyposibilitatea organului competent sa these requirements, i

n order not to breach theverifice aceste cerinte spre a nu se ajunge la lawncalcarea legii. So, by adjournment, not only that law

Asadar, prin suspendare nu numai is not breached,but, on the contrary, it isca nu se "ncalca" legea, ci dimpotriva se strengthened the activity of law execution,ntareste activitatea de executare n concret which is the mostimportant mission of the

a legilor care constituie cea mai importanta public administration bodies.misiune a organelor administratiei publice. The adjournment can be disposed

Suspendarea poate fi dispusa printr- though a juridical document, but can also actun act juridic, dar poate opera si n temeiul based on law.legii. Samplesof ope legis adjournment are

Exemple de suspendare ope legis the ones from the GEO no.2/2001, concerningsunt cele cuprinse n OUG nr.2/2001, the establishm

ent and sanctioningprivind stabilirea si sanctionarea contraventions. So, according to art. 24 : thecontraventiilor. Astfel, conform art. 24 : report to e

stablish a fine and theprocesul-verbal de stabilire a amenzii si indemnification becomes executor only after


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despagubirilor nu devine executoriu dect 15 days fromcommunication. In the samedupa 15 zile de la comunicare. Tot way, according to art.31, parag.3 the complaintastfel, potrivit art.31, a l i n . 3 plngerea headed to thecompetent body against theadresata organului competent mpotriva report for appli

cation of an administrativeprocesului-verbal de aplicare a unei sanctions leads to the suspension of thissanctiuni administrative atrage administrativedocuments execution. Itsuspendarea executarii acestui act represents an a

djournment operating directlyadministrativ. Este deci o suspendare care by the effect of the law text, from the momentopereaza direct prin efectul textului de of introducing thecomplaint at the competentlege, din momentul introducerii plngerii la organ and until

this is pronounced, either byorganul competent si pna cnd acesta se rejecting the complaint, of by invalidating thepronunta, fie respingnd plngerea, fie attacked document,

or by modifying it. Inanulnd actul atacat, fie modificndu-l. n ce respect of the possibility of adjournment,priveste posibilitatea suspendarii dispuse disposed bylaw, we can make differenceprin acte juridice, distingem mai multe between severalsituations, depending on thesituatii, n functie de organul administratiei public administra

tion body, disposing the

publice care dispune suspendarea. adjournment.n primul rnd, suspendarea Primarily,

the adjournment of theexecutarii actelor administrative o poate administrativedocuments execution can bedispune organul de la care emana. Daca disposed by the

body issuing it. In case thenorma juridica prevede expres aceasta juridical norm men

tions this possibility, thereposibilitate, nu se pune nici o problema. is no problem

. Discussions can appearDiscutii se pot naste cu privire la situatia concerning thi

s situation, when the juridicalcnd norma juridica nu face nici o referire norm does not refer r

egarding the possibility ton ce priveste posibilitatea suspendarii unui adjourn an admin

istrative document, exactlyact administrativ chiar de catre organul by the body issuingit.care l-a emis. In thejuridical literature, it has been

n literatura juridica s-a opinat ca stated that cannot be admitted as theea este inadmisibila pentru ca possibility of adjournment, of execution of the



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"posibilitatea suspendarii, executarii actului administrative document by the body issuingadministrativ chiar de catre organul care l-a it, remained at itsappreciation, as the juridicalemis, lasata la absolut libera apreciere a norm does not have anything, can give birth toacestuia, pentru ca norma juridica nu abuses, committing them on large scale, todispune nimic, poate usor da nastere la release the adjournment of the administrativeabuzuri, la comiterea lor pe scara larga, la document at degree i

f principle2. ( Romulusridicarea suspendarii actelor Ionescu, Adminis

trative law, Didactic andadministrative la rangul de principiu" . 2. pedagogic publishing house, Bucharest, 1970,( Romulus Ionescu, Drept administrativ, pag.27).Editura didacticasi pedagogica, Bucuresti, Such apoint of view cannot be1970, pag.27). accepted even fr

om theoretical and practicalUn asemenea punct de vedere nu points of view.

poate fi acceptat nici din considerente Therefore,since the public

teoretice si nici practice. administrationorgan has, according to the

Astfel, din moment ce organul general principles of administrative law, theadministratiei publice are conform right to invalidate

or revoke documents issued,principiilor generale de drept the more they shouldhave the right to adjournadministrativ, dreptul de a anula sau such documents.revoca actele pe care le emite cu att mai This is nothi

ng but an application of themult trebuie sa aiba si dreptul de a principle " qui pote

st majus potest et minus ".suspenda astfel de acte. From pr

actical aspects it is imposedAceasta nu este dect o aplicatie a such a solution

as the public administrativeprincipiului " qui potest majus potest et body has no other wa

y to temporary cease theminus ". effects of an a

ction that is supposed to beSi din considerente practice se illegal or inappropr

iate. It would be abnormalimpune o astfel de solutie pentru ca organul not to create to theissuing body the possibility

administratiei publice nu are alta cale de and the periodthat is necessary to decide ona opri temporar efectele unui act banuit a the lawfulness or th


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e opportunities of such anfi ilegal sau inoportun. Ar fi anormal sa nu administrativedocument, provisional andse creeze organului emitent posibilitatea si temporary period whe

n the document does nottimpul necesar deliberarii asupra legalitatii produce its effects,but is not annulled, and in

sau oportunitatii unui act administrativ, which that bodyhas the material necessary

perioada provizorie si temporara n care time to eliminateserious doubts existing

actul nu si produce efectele, dar nu e regarding the lawfulness and opportunity of andesfiintat, si n care organul respectiv are administrative document.timpul material necesar pentru a elimina Theremust be shown that thendoielile serioase care exista cu privire la administrativedocuments adjournment

legalitatea si oportunitatea actului measure realized bythe issuing bodies cannotadministrativ. and would not be raised at principle positions

Trebuie nsa aratat ca masura in this case, the responsibility of publicsuspendarii actelor administrative de catre administrativebodies in issuing theseorganele emitente nu poate si nici nu documents would be more diminished.trebuie ridicata la rang de principiu pentru Knowing abinitio that they have theca n aceasta situatie, responsabilitatea possibility to ad

journ documents that theyorganelor administratiei publice n issue, the publicadministration bodies mightemiterea acestor acte ar fi mult diminuata. easily proceedat realizing these operations.Stiind ab initio ca au posibilitatea de a Indeed, in th

is case, the administrativesuspenda actele pe care le emit, organele documents adjournm

ent might be equal with


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administratiei publice ar putea sa the law execution adjournment, which isprocedeze cu usurinta la efectuarea inadmissible.acestei operatiuni. ntr-adevar, n acest The adjournment of administrative

caz suspendarea actelor administrative ar documents executioncan be also disposed byputea echivala cu nsasi suspendarea superior hierarchic


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bodies like and, in someexecutarii legii, ceea ce este inadmisibil. cases, by the trialinstances. The adjournment

Suspendarea executarii actelor of the administrative documents, realized byadministrative poate fi dispusa si de the bodiesof public administration,

organele ierarhic superioare precum si, n hierarchically superiorto the ones issuing theanumite cazuri, de instantele judecatoresti. document, is conceptually accepted, as a resultSuspendarea actelor administrative de of the effectsof the effects of the hierarchyorganele administratiei publice ierarhic that would be established, between the organsuperioare celor care au emis actul, este issuing the document and the one havingacceptata conceptual ca urmare a efectelor control regardingits activity according to its

ierarhiei care se stabileste, ntre organul hierarchical positions.care a emis actul si cel care are controlul The controlhas as purpose ensuring theactivitatii acestuia potrivit pozitiei sale conformity ofthe administrative documentsierarhice. with the provisions of law. When there are

Controlul vizeaza tocmai asigurarea doubts regardingthe lawfulness of the

conformitatii actelor administrative cu administrative document, issued by an inferiorprevederile legii. Atunci cnd exista ndoieli body, the hierarchi

c body can decide itscu privire la legalitatea actului adjournment.administrativ, emis de organul inferior, Certainly,

when the juridical normorganul ierarhic superior poate hotar foresees expressly

such adjournment, thesuspendarea acestuia. public administration body that is

Desigur, n situatia cnd norma hierarchically superiorhas such a right, in anjuridic a prevede expres asemenea incontestable way. The problem, most delicatesuspendare, organul administratiei publice from this pointof view is, as in the previousierarhic superior are n mod incontestabil sample, regarding thepossibility of adjourn theun asemenea drept. Problema mai delicata execution of such an administrative documentdin acest punct de vedere se pune, ca si n by the hierarchically superior body, in caseexemplul anterior, cu privire la posibilitatea juridical norms

do not foresee suchsuspendarii executarii unui act possibilities. Thesame arguments debated inadministrativ de catre organul ierarhic the previous paragrap

h, enable us to appreciatesuperior n situatia n care normele that also here, inapplication of the principle


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juridice nu dispun nimic asupra acestei "qui potest majus potest et minus", theposibilitati. Aceleasi argumente pe care le- hierarchic superior bodies can adjourn theam dezbatut n paragraful anterior, ne administrative documents of the subordinatedndreptatesc sa apreciem ca si aici, n organs, as much as these

can be also cancelled.aplicarea principiului "qui potest majus Certainly,the situation is another whenpotest et minus ", organele ierarhic speaking aboutadministrative bodies whichsuperioare, pot suspenda actele are not directly

hierarchically superior.administrative ale organelor subordonate, Speaking aboutcompetence rules, of strictcu att mai mult cu ct ele le pot si anula. interpretation, thecase in which these organs

Desigur, alta este situatia cnd e might invalidate or

adjourn the documents ofvorba de organe administrative care nu some bodies which, even if having a moresunt nsa n mod "direct ierarhic restricted competenceare not subordinated tosuperioare". Fiind vorba de reguli de the first. So,for example, the town council


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competenta, care sunt de strica interpretare, cannot invalidate the administrative documentsnu se justifica cu nimic solutia ca aceste of some localcouncil as between them thereorgane sa poata anula sau suspenda actele are not subordination rapports.unor organe care chiar daca au o As anexception, the adjournment ofcompetenta mai restrnsa nu se the administrative documents can be disposedsubordoneaza primelor. Asa, de exemplu. also by othe

r bodies of the publicconsiliul judetean nu poate suspenda administration,which are not positioned inactele administrative ale unor consilii hierarchy with the organ issuing the document.locale deoarece ntre ele nu exista raporturi In this case, the adjournment is admitted onlyde subordonare. if the law offers the adjournment competence.

Prin exceptie, suspendarea actelor Such an example isbeing offered by Law no.administrative poate fi dispusa si de alte 340/2004 rega


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rding the prefect and theorgane ale administratiei publice, care nu institution of the prefect. In this art. 19, par. 1,se situeaza n ierarhie cu organul care a let. a and e foresee:

s representative ofemis actul. In acest caz nsa, suspendarea the government,

the prefect fulfills the

este admisa numai daca legea confera following mainattributions: - ensures, at

competenta suspendarii . Un asemeneaf

district levelor, depending on case, oexemplu este oferit de Legea nr. municipality Bucharest, the application and340/2004 privind prefectul si institutia observance of the Constitution and of the lawsprefectului. n acest art. 19 alin.1 lit. a si e and ordinancesand of the Government

prevad:

n calitate de reprezentant al decisions, of the othernormative document, asguvernului, prefectul ndeplineste well as of public order;urmatoarele atributii principale: - asigura - Verifies the justifiability of the, la nivelul judetului sau, dupa caz, al administrative document of the city council, o

fmunicipiului Bucuresti, aplicarea si the local council or of the Mayor. 3. Forrespectarea Constitutiei si a legilor , a enlargement, t

o be seen, Verginia Vedinas,ordonantelor si a hotarrilor Guvernului, AdministrativeLaw, Revised fifth edition,a celorlalte acte normative , precum si a Juridical Universe Publishing House,ordinii publice; Bucharest 2009, page443-445

- Verifica legalitatea actelor Theadministrative document, likeadministrative ale consiliului judetean , any other juridical document should not beale consiliului local sau ale primarului. conceived asa definitive, stable and3. Pentru dezvoltare, a se vedea , Verginia unchangeable document. The dynamics of theVedinas, Drept administrativ, Editia V evolution of the social, economic and politicalrevizuita, Editura Universul juridic, phenomena, influencing the complex activityBucuresti 2009, pag. 443-445 of the public administration bodies, makes that

Actul administrativ, ca orice act administrativedocuments ensuring the

juridic nu trebuie conceput ca un act organization of theexecution and the concrete

definitiv, fix, imuabil. Dinamica evolutiei organization of lawto be changed, modified.fenomenelor sociale, economice, politice, On rever


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se, the public administrationce influenteaza activitatea deosebit de is made by people and for people. No mattercomplexa a organelor administratiei how well organized and managed it would be,publice face ca si actele administrative care the subjectivismcan be diminished, but not

asigura organizarea executarii si executarea completely eliminated. From this point ofn concret a legii sa poata fi schimbate, view, it is beyond anydoubt that the bodies ofmodificate. the public administration can make efforts in

Pe de alta parte, administratia the concrete activity, errors which can bepublica este facuta de oameni si pentru transposed in

the adoption of some


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oameni. Ct ar fi ea de bine organizatasi administrativedocument not totally

condusa, subiectivismul poate fi diminuat, correspondingto the requirements of the

dar nu eliminat complet. Prin aceasta moment and even to the laws imperatives.prisma este n afara de orice ndoiala ca The public administration bodiesorganele administratiei publice pot face should have the right to issue administrativeerori n activitatea concreta, erori ce se documents inthis period and in implicittranspun n adoptarea unor acte manner, the authority to invalidate or calladministrative ce nu corespund n totalitate back when

their unlawfulness orcerintelor momentului si chiar imperativelor inopportunity can be observed, that is to saylegii. they do notcorrespond to the duties that

Organele administratiei publice should be fulfilled and so becoming a break intrebuie sa aiba dreptul de a emite n orice realizing them.moment acte administrative si n modimplicit, puterea de a anula sau retracta Rescission of the administrativeatunci cnd constata ilegalitatea sau documentsinoportunitatea lor, adica nu corespund sau Rescission indicates the juridical

nu mai corespund sarcinilor ce trebuie sa le operation through which the issuing bodyndeplineasca si devin deci, o frna n disposes the withdra


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wal of own action as arealizarea acestora. result of hisown initiative, or as a result of

the decisions of the superior hierarchic body.

Revocarea actelor administrative In thejuridical literature it has been

Revocarea desemneaza operatiunea states that the rescission of the administrativejuridica prin care organul emitent dispune documents m

ight be realized also by theretragerea propriului act fie din proprie superior body

of the state organization. Forinitiativa, fie ca urmare a dispozitiilor a the justificatio

n of this opinion it has beenorganului ierarhic superior. considered t

hat since hierarchic superiorn literatura juridica s-a exprimat authorities have the

right to give orders to the

parerea ca revocarea actelor administrative subordinatedbodies, to issue administrativear putea fi facuta si de organul superior documents, t

he same authorities having theadministratiei de stat. n justificarea right to ordinat

e the reconstruction of theacestei opinii s-a considerat ca din moment documents realizedwithout obedience of theirce autoritatile ierarhic superioare au dreptul commands.

In this sense, the order ofde a da ordine organelor subordonate, de a reformationof the document would beemite acte administrative, aceleasi realized based on

its competence to direct andautoritati au si dreptul de a ordona control theactivity of the inferior inrefacerea actelor care s-au facut cu conditions wherethe superior organism has

nerespectarea ordinelor lor. n acest sens, the main visionof the problem forming theordinul de reformare a actului, se face pe object of the admi

nistrative document and canbaza competentei acestuia de a ndruma si estimate if this document solved the problemcontrola activitatea inferiorului n in a proper ma

nner. We cannot totally agreeconditiile n care organul superior are with these point

s of view. It is true that theviziunea generala a problemei care superior hierarchic bodies can give guidanceformeaza obiectul actului administrativ si which someti

mes is really binding, thepoate estima daca acest act a rezolvat n inferior bodiesto issue or, in our case, tomod oportun problema. Nu putem fi de withdraw certain administrative documents.acord n totalitate cu aceste puncte de 4. To this extent, t

o be seen Antonie Iorgovan

vedere. Este adevarat ca organele ierarhic , Administrative law treaty, vol. II. All Becksuperioare pot da ndrumari uneori chiar Publishing House, Bu


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charest, 2005, page 83-


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obligatorii, organelor inferioare de a emite 85.sau, n cazul nostru, de a retracta anumite But in case these are not conformed, itacte administrative. 4. n acest sens , a se should not be conceived that superior bodiesvedea Antonie Iorgovan , Tratat de drept would be themselves to issue or to withdraw

administrativ, vol. II. Editura All Beck, these documents.So, in case the inferior dieBucuresti, 2005, pag. 83-85. not act orissued or withdrew the

Dar n situatia n care acestea nu se administrative document, the superior mightconformeaza, nu este de conceput ca not act instead

of him, the competence ruleorganele superioare vor putea ele nsele sa being absolute.No procedure allows theemita sau sa retracteze aceste acte . Deci, superior to act inst

ead of the inferior.daca inferiorul n-a actionat si nu a emis sau We also

estimate that the rescissionnu a retractat actul administrativ, superiorul notion should

be used only for cases ofnu poate actiona n locul acestuia, regula de cancelling the ad

ministrative documents forcompetenta fiind absoluta. Nici o unsuitabilitycauses; meanwhile theprocedura nu permite superiorului sa invalidation sho

uld appoint the annulmentactioneze n locul inferiorului. document, on illegalit

y reasons.Apreciem de asemenea ca notiunea The judi

cial practice and even thede revocare ar trebui folosita numai pentru supreme instance have pronounced in thiscazurile de scoatere din vigoare a actelor sense. Therefore, the juridical organization ofadministrative pentru cauze de the social economic and administrative lifeinoportunitate n timp ce anularea ar trebui supposes the ensuring of a stability of thesa desemneze desfiintarea actului, pe juridical rapports.motive de ilegalitate. To realizethis stability, the principle

Si practica judecatoreasca si chiar of revocability

of the administrativeinstanta suprema s-a pronuntat n acest documents executed or

of the ones producing


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sens. Astfel, organizarea juridica a vietii effects in other fields, exiting from the area ofsocial-economice si administrative, exclusive settle

ment of the administrativepresupune asigurarea unei stabilitati a law, is a principle

of general applicability. Byraporturilor juridice. the dedication

of this principle would ben realizarea acestei stabilitati, limited the possib

ility of the administrativeprincipiul revocabilitatii actelor body to return on theissued documents, beingadministrative puse n executare sau a celor able to rescind

them, either for illegality orcare au produs efecte n alte domenii, for the inadequatenessonly until the momentiesind astfel din sfera de reglementare in which the a

dministrative documents haveexclusiva a dreptului administrativ, este un produced their

effects and put underprincipiu de aplicabilitate generala. Prin execution or by entering them in the circuit ofconsacrarea acestui principiu se limiteaza other juridical rapports.posibilitatea organului administrativ de a For th

e case in which thereveni asupra actelor ce le-a emis, putndu- administrative documen

t has been released byle revoca , fie pentru ilegalitate, fie pentru breaching a

fraction of imperative orinoportunitate numai pna n momentul n prohibitive norm o

r has been issued bycare actele administrative si-au produs fraudulent means or

as a result of a will vice-efectele pun executare sau prin intrarea lor error, two, viol

ence and the administrativen circuitul altor raporturi juridice body observesthis situation, but the

Pentru ipoteza n care actul document hasproduced its effects byadministrativ a fost emis prin ncalcarea execution, by passing them into the area ofunei norme de drept imperative sau other law departments, producing otherprohibitive sau a fost emis prin mijloace juridical effects,the legal way of cancelling


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frauduloase sau ca rezultat al unui viciu de the illegal administrati

ve document cannot bevointa - eroare, doi, violenta - iar organul the rescission ofthe document but the


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administrativ constata aceasta situatie, dar observance of nullity ofits invalidation by theactul si-a produs efectele prin executare, trial instance, atthe request of the

prin trecerea lor n sfera altor ramuri de administrative body.drept, producnd alte efecte juridice, calea Support in the sense that the issuing

legala de desfiintare a actului administrativ body can rescind the administrative documentilegal nu mai poate fi revocarea actului, ci and after this has entered in the civil circuit inconstatarea nulitatii ori anularea lui de case it has been obtained by fraudulent meanscatre instanta judecatoreasca, la cererea or as a result of an error, is not conformant toorganului administrativ. the principles of administrative law.

Sustinerea n sensul ca organul In case thisidea might be accredited

emitent poate sa-si revoce actul this means that,after the administrativeadministrativ si dupa ce acesta a intrat n document has been executedor entered in thecircuitul civil daca a fost obtinut prin area of the juridical rapports, including in themijloace frauduloase sau ca rezultat al civil circuit, producingother juridical effects,unei erori, este neconforma principiilor de the issuing administrative body, without anydrept administrativ. jurisdictional control to be able to rescind the

Daca s-ar acredita aceasta idee ar document, invalid

ating newly creatednsemna ca, dupa ce actul administrativ a juridical situations,which is inadmissible,fost executat ori a intrat n sfera altor being contrary to the principle of stability ofraporturi juridice, inclusiv n circuitul civil, juridical rapports and laworder.producnd alte efecte juridice, organul The rescission causes can be anterior,administrativ emitent, fara nici un control concomitant orposterior to issuingjurisdictional sa-si poate revoca actul, administrative documents. When causes aredesfiintnd situatiile juridice nou create, anterior or concomitant with the moment ofceea ce este inadmisibil, fiind contrar issuing the document, the rescission has ex exprincipiului stabilitatii raporturilor juridice tunc effects.si ordinii de drept. Rescissionis different from

Cauzele de revocare pot fi adjournment andof invalidation. Theanterioare, concomitente sau posterioare adjournment determines the temporaryemiterii actelor administrative. Cnd cessation of the adm

inistrative documentscauzele sunt anterioare ori concomitente effects meanwhilerescission leads to their


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cu emiterea actului, revocarea are efecte ex definitive cessation.As shown, we considertunc. that rescission receivesthe opportunity of an

Revocarea se deosebeste att de administrative document and is disposed onlysuspendare ct si de anulare. Suspendarea by the issuing body,

meanwhile cancellationdetermina ncetarea temporara a efectelor refers to getting out of force an administrativeactelor administrative n timp ce revocarea document, on illegal grounds, being alsoduce la ncetarea lor definitiva. Asa cum disposed by the hierarchic superior body ofam aratat, punctul nostru de vedere este ca the state administration of power, inrevocarea priveste oportunitatea actului conditions foreseen by law, as well as by theadministrativ si este dispusa numai de trial instance.

organul emitent n timp ce anularea se In case,on principle, therefera la scoaterea din vigoare a unui act administrative documentsare revocable, thereadministrativ pe motive de ilegalitate ea are also exceptions fromthis rule, concerningputnd fi dispusa si de organul ierarhic individual administrative documents, thesuperior al administratiei sau puterii de stat, normative ones being always revocable.


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n conditiile prevazute de lege, precum si The first exception from thede instanta judecatoreasca. revocability ofthe administrative documents

Daca, n principiu actele refers to jurisdictional administrativeadministrative sunt revocabile, exista documents. Th

e reason for which thesensasi exceptii de la aceasta regula, care documents arenot submitted to rescissionprivesc actele administrative individuale, derives from theirspecific characteristics:cele normative fiind ntotdeauna - throughthem would be solvedrevocabile. litigations supposing contradiction and

Prima exceptie de la excluding the p

ossibility of perception fromrevocabilitatea actelor administrative se the office;refera la actele administrative - the j


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urisdictional administrativejurisdictionale. Ratiunea pentru care aceste documents enjoy a judged work poweracte nu sunt supuse revocarii deriva din ensuring them a hig

h stability.trasaturile lor specifice: Thefact that jurisdictional

- prin ele se solutioneaza litigii care administrativedocuments are irrevocablepresupun contradictorialitate si exclud does not meanthat they are definitive and

posibilitatea sesizarii din oficiu; cannot be cancelled or modified. On the

- actele administrative jurisdictionale contrary, law provides the administrative orse bucura de putere de lucru judecat care le judicial attackmodality and the speciallyasigura o stabilitate mai mare. settled procedurefor each of them, by those

Faptul ca actele administrative juridical norms.jurisdictionale sunt irevocabile nu nseamna A secondexception from revocabilityca ele sunt definitive si nu pot fi n nici un principle is m

ade by those individualmod desfiintate sau modificate. administrativedocuments based on whichDimpotriva, legea prevede calea de atac civil juridical,work or procedural rapportsadministrativa sau judecatoreasca si appeared andwhich in a common mannerprocedura special reglementata pentru give birth to some

subjective rights warranted

fiecare din ele de normele juridice by the actionpossibility in front of the trialrespective. instance. Theadministrative documents are

A doua exceptie de la principiul able to generate civil law rapports, of workrevocabilitatii o formeaza acele acte law, proceduralrapports, etc. Once these

administrative individuale pe baza carora rapports haveappeared, the documents

s-au nascut raporturi juridice civile, de generating them become irrevocable.munca sau procesuale si care n mod For exa

mple, an administrativeobisnuit dau nastere unor drepturi document as

a result of which has beensubiective garantate prin posibilitatea granted, by ce

ssion, based on the auctionactiunii n fata instantei de judecata. according to law, a c

onstruction field, shouldActele administrative pot genera raporturi not be rescinde

d. This way, would not bede drept civil, de drept al muncii, raporturi rescinded a re

partition order for a locativeprocesuale etc. Odata nascute aceste surface realized

with lease contract or withraporturi, actele care le-au generat devin the work dist

ribution document from the


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irevocabile. Provincial Agencyfor Occupying the Work

De exemplu, un act administrativ Force, materialized by concluding a workprin care s-a atribuit prin concesionare, pe contract.baza licitatiei potrivit legii, un teren The reas

on to exclude such situations

pentru constructie nu va putea fi revocat. from the revocability principle of theTot astfel, nu va putea fi revocat un ordin administrative d

ocuments is the care of thede repartitie a unei suprafete locative care legislator to

ensure the stability of these


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s-a finalizat prin ncheierea unui contract de rapports whichmeans nothing but a

nchiriere sau actul de repartizare n protection of the physical person participatingmunca din partea Agentiei Judetene in these rapports.pentru Ocuparea Fortei de Munca, care Also part

of this category might be thes-a materializat prin perfectarea unui attributive docum

ent of personal statute. Forcontract de munca. example, it

would not be justified theRatiunea excluderii unor astfel de possibility to

rescind a graduation diplomasituatii de la principiul revocabilitatii from a superioreducation institute, personalactelor administrative consta n grija statute attributivedocument, through which

legiuitorului de a asigura stabilitatea the titular iscertified of having followed-upacestor raporturi care nu nseamna nimic and graduated the cou

rses of a faculty.altceva dect o protejare a persoanei fizice Also a

n exception from theparticipante la aceste raporturi. administrative

documents revocabilityTot n aceasta categorie s-ar putea principle is also

the case of the documentsncadra si actele atributive de statut being materially reali

zed.personal. De exemplu, n-ar fi cu nimic These cann

ot be rescinded on groundsjustificata posibilitatea revocarii unei of the simple reaso

n that no previous material

diplome de absolvire a unei institutii de situation might beestablished.nvatamnt superior, act atributiv de statut As shown


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, the administrativepersonal, prin care titularul ei este atestat ca documents represent the jurid

ical modality toa urmat si a absolvit cursurile unei facultati. organize theexecution and to concretely

Tot o exceptie de la principiul execute law.That is why, between the

revocabilitatii actelor administrative o administrativedocuments and law there isconstituie si situatia actelor care au fost always a

subordination rapport, therealizate material. lawfulness ofthe administrative document

Acestea nu pot fi revocate pentru being an essential condition for their validity.simplul motiv ca nu s-ar mai putea stabili First itshould be showed that law issituatia materiala anterioara. not able and shouldntalways pre-establish all

Asa cum am aratat, actele conditions and modalities for the interventionadministrative reprezinta modalitatea of public bodies byadministrative documents.juridica de organizare a executarii si de If such proceeded, the publicexecutare n concret a legii. De aceea, ntre administration bodieswould be transformed

actul administrativ si lege exista in simple automatics and couldnt adapt attotdeauna un raport de subordonare, time and efficiently such multiple duties,legalitatea actelor administrative fiind o always in move

that the evolution of socialconditie esentiala pentru valabilitatea lor. life supposes.

Mai nti trebuie aratat ca legea nu That is why, public administrationpoate si nici nu trebuie ntotdeauna sa bodies should have a certain initiative and theprestabileasca n detaliu toate conditiile si possibility to appreciate cases in which themodalitatile de interventie a organelor administrativedocuments would be issued,administratiei publice prin acte but in any

situations the administrativeadministrative. Daca s-ar proceda asa, documents sho

uld have the support of theorganele administratiei publice s-ar law, should beissued based and to executetransforma n simple automate si n-ar putea law.sa se adapteze la timp si eficientsarcinilor asa de multiple si mereu n Bibliography

schimbare pe care le presupune evolutiavietii sociale. Antonie

Iorgovan, Administrative


Issue 1/2011

55


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De aceea organele administratiei Law treaty, All Bec

k Publishing House,publice trebuie sa dispuna de o anumita Bucharest, 2005.initiativa si sa aiba posibilitatea de a Romulus Ionescu, Administrativeaprecia situatiile n care vor emite actele Law, Didactic and pedagogic publishingadministrative, dar n oricare situatii actele House, Bucharest, 1970.administrative trebuie sa se sprijine pe lege, Verginia Vedinas,Administrativesa fie emise n baza si n vederea executarii Law, Revised fifth e

dition, Juridicallegii. Universe publishing

House, Bucharest, 2009.Bibliografie

Antonie Iorgovan, Tratat de dreptadministrativ,Editura All Beck, Bucuresti, 2005.

Romulus Ionescu, Dreptadministrativ, Editura didactica sipedagogica, Bucuresti, 1970.

Verginia Vedinas, Dreptadministrativ, Editia V revizuita,Editura Universul juridic, Bucuresti

2009.


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3 Pantelimon Manta

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