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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH MANAGEMENT
• Concepts of Safety Management• Safety & Health Committee – Section 30• Roles of the Management• Safety Training
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S&H MANAGEMENT Management is the science of getting things done
through other people. S&H Professionals management is learning to use
and apply the technical skills to address safety & health issues in the workplace
PERSONNEL
DEPARTMENT
SA
FETY
O
RG
AN
IZA
TIO
NU
NIO
NS
SUPERVISORPRODUCTIO
N
COMPA
NY HEALT
H
CARE SERVIC
ES
WORKING ENVIRONME
NT
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
3
INDUSTRY’S MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
In industry, 3 common management systems are;1. General/Financial management2. Quality management3. Safety management
New system introduced / implemented environment
GENERALMANAGEMENT
QUALITYMANAGEMENT
(ISO 9001)
SAFETY MANAGEMENT
(ISO 18001)
ENVIRONMENTALMANAGEMENT
(ISO 14000)
COMMON CONCERNS
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
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SUCCESSFUL S&H MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
MANAGEMENTREVIEW
CHECKING &
CORECTIVE ACTION
IMPLEMENTATION &
OPERATION
PLANNING
S&H POLICY CONTINUALIMPROVEME
NT
CONTINUALIMPROVEME
NT
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
5
S -Management SystemsA -Proper AttitudeF -Understand FundamentalsE -ExperienceT -Time to do things safely Y -Your Participation
S –Serious about safetyA –Alert to all hazardsF –Focus on what you do !E –Educated choicesT –Team mindedY –You !
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
KEHENDAK PERUNDANGAN
Seksyen 30 OSHA 94 mengkehendaki majikan yang mempunyai 40 (atau lebih) orang pekerja , atau majikan yang diarahkan oleh Ketua Pengarah Jabatan Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan, untuk menubuhkan satu Jawatankuasa Keselamatan dan Kesihatan di tempat kerja yang berkenaan.
JAWATANKUASA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
Untuk meningkatkan kerjasama dan permesyuarahan di antara majikan dan pekerja didalam meningkatkan keselamatan dan kesihatan di tempat kerja
Untuk mengadakan saluran komunikasi dua-hala yang menyalurkan maklumat yang bersangkutan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan
Untuk meningkatkan minat dan motivasi semua kumpulan pengurusan dan pekerja didalam isu berkenaan keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerjaan
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
OBJEKTIF
BAGI SYARIKAT YANG MENGAMBIL100 ORANG PEKERJA ATAU KURANG: minima 2 wakil pekerja dan 2 wakil majikan
DAN
BAGI SYARIKAT YANG MEMPUNYAI LEBIH DARI 100 ORANG PEKERJA: minima 4 wakil pekerja dan 4 wakil majikan
SYARIKAT YANG MENGAMBIL 40 ORANG ATAU LEBIH PEKERJA ADALAH DIKEHENDAKI MEWUJUDKAN JAWATANKUASA KESELAMATAN & KESIHATAN
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE
Duty of employer to set up a safety committee if more than 40 workers are employed
Composition of the committeeCHAIRMAN
SECRETARY
WORKERS REPS
MANAGEMENT REPS
LESS THAN 100 EMPLOYEES : MINIMUM 2 REPS EACH
MORE THAB 100 EMPLOYEES : MINIMUM 4 REPS EACH
LET ALL SECTIONS BE REPRESENTED, INCLUDING WORKSHOP.
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
APPOINTMENT OF CHAIRMAN AND SECRETARY OF
COMMITTEECHAIRMAN – an employer or his
authorised manager
SECRETARY – safety and health officer or appointed by the chairman or appointed among the members
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
APPOINTMENT OF OTHER MEMBERS OF COMMITTEE
EMPLOYER REPRESENTATIVES – appointed by employer
EMPLOYEES REPRESENTATIVES – selected by workers or appointed by employer
Note: Employer shall not penalize a member of the committee in any manner for being absent from his normal duties at work while carrying out the functions of the committee
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
FUNCTIONS OF COMMITTEE (Reg.1996)
Assist in the development of rules and safe systems of work
Review the effectiveness of programsCarry out studies on the trends of
accident, near-miss accident, dangerous occurrence, occupational poisoning/disease and shall report to the employer of any unsafe or unhealthy condition/practices at the workplace together with recommendations for corrective actions
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
FUNCTIONS OF COMMITTEE (Reg.1996)
Review the S&H policies at the place of work and make recommendations to the employer for any revision of such policies
Inspect the workplace at least once in every 3 months and recommended preventive and corrective measures
Discuss reports and matters from safety officer, enforcement officers, etc
Practices and recommend corrective actions
Assist to organise promotional activities
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
FUNCTIONS OF COMMITTEE (Reg.1996)
Meetings of SHCEarly circulation of agenda and
discussion papersMinutes circulated soon, not later
than 2 weeks after meetingMinutes kept for 7 years for
purposes of inspection by an OSH officer
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF OSH
Management commitmentPolicy, Plans & ProceduresConsultationHazard Identification, Risk
Assessment and ControlTraining
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
SAFE SYSTEM OF WORK
PTW (PERMIT TO WORK)
SOP (STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE)
Flow Chart / Check list
Audit / Workplace inspection
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
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Permit Untuk Bekerja sentiasa diperlukan untuk menjalankan kerja-kerja ditempat tertentu bagi mengelakkan kemalangan dari berlaku yang boleh mengganggu operasi loji.
Permit Utama (Panas/ sejuk) – Hot/ Cold Work - Sijil kelulusan kerja – diperlukan untuk sebarang kerja yang hendak
dilakukan di kawasan tersebut
Sijil Sokongan - Untuk kerja yang berbahaya – kerja yang memerlukan peraturan dan
pengawalan khas yang lebih ketat tidak cukup dengan hanya permit kelulusan kerja; ia perlu disokong oleh sijil tambahan yang diluluskan terlebih dahulu oleh pihak yang berkenaan selain dari penyelia tempat kerja tersebut.
- Misalnya permit untuk hazard/api (ruang terkurung, kerja panas), permit untuk mengorek, permit untuk kerja radiasi, permit untuk membaiki jalan, permit untuk kerja elektrik dll
PERMIT KERJA (PERMIT TO WORK)
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
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SOP adalah merupakan satu kaedah pentadbiran yang menyediakan panduan dan cara yang selamat untuk melakukan sesuatu kerja dan mencegah dari perlakuan yang tidak selamat.
SOP memberi panduan menyeluruh bagi setiap langkah, bagaimana hendak melaksanakan kerja / menggunakan alat tertentu dengan selamat.
PERATURAN KERJA SELAMAT (SOP)
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
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CONTOH SOP CARA MENGGUNAKAN PANCUTAN AIR TEKANAN TINGGI
1 Pastikan sambungan paip kuat dan tidak mudah tanggal. 2. Jangan tinggalkan mesin (pump) semasa ia masih berjalan/beroperasi. 3. Operator pump menghidupkan enjin hanya setelah diarah oleh operator pancutan. 4. Pastikan alat pancutan dalam keadaan baik dan tidak bengkok, sebelum digunakan. 5. Jangan pijak paip dan alat-alat lain. 6. Perhatikan hazad yang boleh menjatuhkan seperti sesuatu yang boleh tersepak atau tersangkut kaki, ditempat kerja tersebut. 7. Gunakan cara mengangkat yang betul untuk memindahkan peralatan. 8. Setelah digunakan, mesin hendaklah dicuci bersih. 9. Pastikan semua injap keselamatan (dead man shut-off valves) berfungsi dengan baik. 10. Elakkan mesin berat menghimpit paip pancutan. 11. Jangan arahkan paip pancutan ke arah tempat orang lain bekerja. 12. Pastikan rantai keselamatan di ikat pada tempatnya .
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
PENYIASATAN KEMALANGANOSHA MENGHENDAKI SEMUA KEMALANGAN INDUSTRI DI SIASAT:
TUJUAN PENYIASATAN:• Untuk mengetahui punca kemalangan• Untuk mengambil langkah pencegahan
supaya kemalangan yang serupa tidak berulang
Untuk merekodkan semua fakta berkenaan kemalangan tersebut untuk berbagai tujuan (tuntutan dll)
• Untuk menganalisa trend dan kos kemalangan bagi perancangan jangka panjang
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
PENYIASATAN KEMALANGAN
SIAPA PERLU MENYIASAT:• Penyelia, • Pegawai Keselamatan &
Kesihatan, Ahli Jawatankuasa
Keselamatan & Kesihatan, • Pasukan khas
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
PEMERIKSAAN DI TEMPAT KERJA
PERATURAN JAWATANKUASA KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN MENGHENDAKI PEMERIKSAAN KESELAMATAN DAN KESIHATAN DI TEMPAT KERJA PERLU DILAKUKAN SETIAP TIGA BULAN SEKALI
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
PEMERIKSAAN DI TEMPAT KERJA SIAPA PERLU MELAKUKANNYA ?
Ahli Jawatankuasa Keselamatan, Pegawai Keselamatan, Pasukan Pemeriksa Khas
BAGAIMANA? : Gunakan senarai semak yang disediakan khas
untuk tujuan tersebut
KEKERAPAN?: Sekurang-kurang nya sekali setiap tiga bulan
LAPORAN?: Mesti disediakan dan diserahkan kepada
pengurusan
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
Penalty under Section 15 & 16 (Duties of Employers) : RM 50 K or 2 yrs, or both
Penalty under Section 24 (Duties of Employees) : RM 1 K or 3 mths, or both
Penalties under Section 28 (Medical Surveillance), Section 29 (Safety and Health Officer), and Section 30 (Safety and health Committee) : RM 5 K or 6 mths, or both
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
AN EFFECTIVE COMMITTEE Basic knowledge and interest of members On-going training and education of members Availability of relevant information to members Regularity and frequency of meetings Fast decision making and follow-up actions Wide publicity of committee activities Recognition of members Leaderships of chairman Stick to safety and health only
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
METRO, 21.05.2009
JOHOR BAHRU: Sebanyak 5,559 notis dikeluarkan kepada majikan sepanjang 2008 di seluruh negara kerana gagal mematuhi piawaian keselamatan mengikut Akta Keselamatan dan Kesihatan Pekerjaan 1994.
Daripada jumlah itu, 135 kes dibawa ke mahkamah dan 14 majikan dikenakan tindakan kompaun.
Timbalan Ketua Pengarah (Dasar) JKKP Malaysia, Zabidi Md Adib, berkata notis dikeluarkan itu membabitkan majikan di bawah semua 11 sektor yang termaktub dalam bidang kuasa jabatan berkenaan dikesan melalui audit dan pemeriksaan mengejut secara berterusan.
“Kebanyakan notis dikeluarkan dan tindakan mahkamah dikenakan ke atas pemilik syarikat kerana mereka masih gagal memenuhi dasar asas berhubung keselamatan dan kesihatan pekerja yang mana ia komitmen majikan terhadap pekerja,” katanya.
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
November 27, 2006
Experience of the 10 businesses selected to be Occupational Hazards' 2006 America's Safest Companies :
From their top executives all the way down to the factory floor, these companies understand the importance of Safety Committees, Training, Job-Hazard Analyses, Audits, Stop-work Authority and Management Visibility. They get the symbiotic relationship between safety and productivity, profits, morale and employee retention.
Comment by one of the managers :
"Amazingly, when we focused on safety, all the other measurements (aka productivity) improved. It's just good for business."
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
STRATEGIES1.SAFETY COMMITTEES, 2.TRAINING, 3.JOB-HAZARD ANALYSES, 4.AUDITS, 5.STOP-WORK AUTHORITY, AND 6.MANAGEMENT VISIBILITY.
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
SAFETY AND HEALTH COMMITTEE
Meetings at least once every 3 months, more often in the early stages or in dangerous occupations
Carryout Plant Inspection before meeting, and suggest improvements to the management
Review effectiveness of control measures
Review safety policy Minutes of meetings to be
distributed within 1 week
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
COMMITTEE MEETINGS
Items for discussion : Audits : unsafe acts, unsafe conditions Maintenance : plant, machinery OSH Programs : Induction Training, Safety
campaign Status of actions from previous meeting Safety concerns from the management
Section reports : Incidents : accident investigations Complaints by the workers
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
REASON FOR ACCIDENTS ...1. Have no procedures yet
2. Have procedures, but not adequate
3. Have adequate procedures, but no training
4. Have training, but did not understand
5. Have understood, but forgotten
6. Have remembered, but “lazy to follow”…
Management : to do “gap analysis” & follow up
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
JHA DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE
1. SELECT the job or task
2. CHOOSE the team members
3. DEVELOP new or modify existing JHA RECORD the steps IDENTIFY, ASSESS & CONTROL the hazards in
every step
4. JHA REVIEW by Supervisor
5. COMMUNICATE the JHA & JSP / JSI Training
6. FIELD VERIFICATION and Validation
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
3 THINGS TO AUDIT1. UNSAFE ACTS
2. UNSAFE CONDITIONS
3. UNSAFE PROCEDURES
HEINRICH : DOMINO THEORY UNSAFE CONDITION : HOUSEKEEPING / 5S
UNSAFE WORKER : Behaviour Based Safety; “You See, You Act” (UC/UA) PROGRAM; STOP, SAM…
SOCIAL UPBRINGING : OSH MS
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
OSH MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
BS 8800OHSAS
18000:2007HSE MSILO OSH MSMS 1722:2005
POPEAAUDITS
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
A : UNSAFE CONDITIONS
Full scale audit of an organisation’s safety management system : compliance to requirements
Mini audit of a specific unit or work areaCheck on particular aspects of control
such as : Fire-fighting system and related equipment Evacuation system and emergency exits Emergency facilities (generator, lighting, exhaust system,
etc…. ) Warning notices ( adequacy / relevancy ) PPE program
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
B : UNSAFE PROCEDURES
IDENTIFY WHAT PROCEDURES EXIST ( OR SHOULD EXIST )
EVALUATE THOSE PROCEDURES :Are they in place ?Are people aware of them ?Are the Procedures being complied
with ?Are the Procedures adequate ?
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
C : UNSAFE ACTS An Unsafe Act is an intentional or an unintentional violation of
an established safe work practice, procedure, method or
system
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
THE RED FLAG THEORY :A PERSON CAN NORMALLY
HANDLE ONLY ONE RED FLAG AT A TIME
HELICOPTER ACCIDENTTHE SUPERMAN SYNDROME :CAR ACCIDENTSTHE MILITARY SYSTEMMINE IS NOT TO REASON WHY,
MINE IS JUST TO DO AND DIE ...
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
40 / 79
STOP WORK POLICY
PROVISION OF BUDGET ...1. The people to do the job
2. The time to do the job
3. The resources required for the job
4. The training (skills and knowledge) required to do the job
5. Empowerment to do the job
6. Commitment, involvement, and visibility of top management in the execution of the job
O S H M A N A G E M E N T
PROGRAM FAILUREPROGRAM FAILURE
“THE MOST FREQUENT REASON FOR THE FAILURE OF QUALITY PROGRAMS IS THE FAILURE OF THE UPPER MANAGEMENT TO HAVE PERSONAL INVOLVEMENTS IN THE PROGRAMS”
DR JM JURAN
The same is true for safety and health programs
O S H M A N A G E M E N T