Natural Science 3 Learning Lab is a collective work, conceived, designed and created by the Primary Education department at Santillana, under the supervision of Teresa Grence.

WRITERS Belén Garrido Alan Martin

SCIENCE CONSULTANT Cristina Quincy

ILLUSTRATIONS Jordi Baeza Javier Hernández

EDITOR Beatriz García Hipólito

DIGITAL EDITOR Marcos Blanco

MANAGING EDITOR Sheila Tourle

BILINGUAL PROJECT COORDINATION Margarita España

Do not write in this book. Do all the activities in your notebook.

Natural Science3

Contents

Be a scientist! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

1 The human body . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

2 Food and health . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Learning Lab game . . . . . . . . 36

3 Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4 Plants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

Learning Lab game . . . . . . . . . . 66

5 Matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68

6 Energy and machines . . . . . 82

Learning Lab game . . . . . . . . . 96

Key vocabulary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98

three 3

UNIT CONTENTS RAP MINI LAB FINAL TASK / BE A SCIENTIST

1

The human body• What do you know about the senses?

• Life processes: nutrition

• Reproduction and sensitivity

• How do we see things?

• How do we hear things?

• Touch it!

• Can you smell it?

• How do we taste food?

Touch it, smell it! Mystery smells

Taste detection

Values education Take care of our senses

Task Protect our hearing

2

Food and health• What do you know about healthy food?

• What are nutrients?

• What is a healthy diet?

• The food wheel

• The food pyramid

• What is the Mediterranean diet?

• Digestion and the digestive system

The carrot rap Analyse food labels

Guidelines for food hygiene

Store food safely

Values education What keeps us healthy?

Task The healthy food game

REVIEW Learning Lab game

3

Animals• How do scientists study animals?

• What are the main characteristics of vertebrates?

• Vertebrates: mammals and birds

• Vertebrates: fish, reptiles and amphibians

• What are the main characteristics of invertebrates?

• Invertebrates: sponges, cnidarians, worms and molluscs

• Invertebrates: arthropods and the importance of insects

Creepy, crawly Animal tracks

Describe an insect

Make observation charts

Values education Respect animals

Task A unique habitat

4

Plants• What do you know about plants?

• What do plants need?

• What do the parts of plants do?

• What are seed-producing plants?

• How do flowering plants reproduce?

• The life cycle of a flowering plant

• Do all plants produce seeds?

• How do we study plants?

Hey, leaves! What do you do?

Do plants need water?

Do plants react to light?

Values education Respect nature

Task Make a field journal

REVIEW Learning Lab game

5

Matter• What is matter?

• The states of matter: solids, liquids and gases

• Changes of state: water

• Physical changes and chemical changes

• Pure substances and mixtures

Water, water everywhere! Experiment on changes of state

Make mixtures

Values education The importance of water

Task Stations to compare the properties of matter

6

Energy and machines• What do you know about machines?

• Simple and complex machines

• Machines in everyday life

• Inventions from the past

• What is energy?

• How is energy transformed?

• What is heat?

• Conductors and insulators

Clink-clank How does heat affect objects?

Compare the energy from light sources

Values education Energy conservation

Task Make a rubber band engine

REVIEW Learning Lab game

4 four

UNIT CONTENTS RAP MINI LAB FINAL TASK / BE A SCIENTIST

1

The human body• What do you know about the senses?

• Life processes: nutrition

• Reproduction and sensitivity

• How do we see things?

• How do we hear things?

• Touch it!

• Can you smell it?

• How do we taste food?

Touch it, smell it! Mystery smells

Taste detection

Values education Take care of our senses

Task Protect our hearing

2

Food and health• What do you know about healthy food?

• What are nutrients?

• What is a healthy diet?

• The food wheel

• The food pyramid

• What is the Mediterranean diet?

• Digestion and the digestive system

The carrot rap Analyse food labels

Guidelines for food hygiene

Store food safely

Values education What keeps us healthy?

Task The healthy food game

REVIEW Learning Lab game

3

Animals• How do scientists study animals?

• What are the main characteristics of vertebrates?

• Vertebrates: mammals and birds

• Vertebrates: fish, reptiles and amphibians

• What are the main characteristics of invertebrates?

• Invertebrates: sponges, cnidarians, worms and molluscs

• Invertebrates: arthropods and the importance of insects

Creepy, crawly Animal tracks

Describe an insect

Make observation charts

Values education Respect animals

Task A unique habitat

4

Plants• What do you know about plants?

• What do plants need?

• What do the parts of plants do?

• What are seed-producing plants?

• How do flowering plants reproduce?

• The life cycle of a flowering plant

• Do all plants produce seeds?

• How do we study plants?

Hey, leaves! What do you do?

Do plants need water?

Do plants react to light?

Values education Respect nature

Task Make a field journal

REVIEW Learning Lab game

5

Matter• What is matter?

• The states of matter: solids, liquids and gases

• Changes of state: water

• Physical changes and chemical changes

• Pure substances and mixtures

Water, water everywhere! Experiment on changes of state

Make mixtures

Values education The importance of water

Task Stations to compare the properties of matter

6

Energy and machines• What do you know about machines?

• Simple and complex machines

• Machines in everyday life

• Inventions from the past

• What is energy?

• How is energy transformed?

• What is heat?

• Conductors and insulators

Clink-clank How does heat affect objects?

Compare the energy from light sources

Values education Energy conservation

Task Make a rubber band engine

REVIEW Learning Lab game

5five

PlantsWhat do you know about plants?

Observe1 Talk about each photo.

Use these words.

• flowers• roots• fruit • leaves

4

You already know!• Most plants have stems, leaves

and roots.• Some plants produce flowers, fruits

and seeds.• Plants need the right conditions to grow.

A

C

B

D

52 fifty-two

Think about it2 What experiment can you do to

find out if plants need light?

3 Talk about what plans need. Tell your partner.

Final task

Make a field journal

What do plants need?

Do plants need water?

1 Place two plants in a sunny place.

2 Label the pots.

3 Water one of the plants. Do not water the other plant.

4 Observe the plants after one week. What changes can you see? Why?

Key words

• sunlight• water• soil• minerals• air

They need sunlight.

What do plants need?

Mini lab

53fifty-three

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What do the parts of plants do?

Leaves take in sunlight. They help the plant to make food.

The stem supports the plant. It carries water and minerals to the rest of the plant.

1 Let’s rap! Hey, leaves! What do you do?

2 What do leaves, roots and stems do? Match the functions to the parts.

a. They absorb sunlight.   The leaves. c. They support the plant.b. They absorb water from the soil. d. They absorb water and minerals.

3 Find pictures of plants. Classify them according to their stems: trees, bushes or grasses.

Roots fix the plant in the ground. They absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Some plants have flowers. Flowers produce fruits. The fruits have seeds. The seeds become new plants.

54

What are seed-producing plants?

Think about it4 Do all plants produce flowers?

Compare the photos on this page.

Key words• angiosperm • flower • conifer• gymnosperm • seed • cone

Angiosperms have flowers that produce fruit. The fruit has seeds inside. Angiosperms can be trees, grasses or bushes. A pear tree is an angiosperm.

There are two types of plants that produce seeds: angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Gymnosperms don’t have flowers. They produce cones. The cones have seeds inside. Gymnosperms can be bushes or trees. Conifers, like the pine tree, are gymnosperms.

5 Listen and say angiosperm or gymnosperm.

6 Describe different types of plants.

A poppy is an angiosperm.

It has red flowers.

Pear tree Pine tree

55

4

fifty-five

How do flowering plants reproduce?

2 Draw and write the missing part for each picture.

3 Listen, then answer the questions.

a. What do the sepals do?   They protect the flower.b. What does the pistil do? c. What do the stamens do?d. What does the ovary do?

A B C D

Flowers contain the reproductive organs of flowering plants. These organs produce seeds. The seeds grow into new plants.

Think about it1 What part of a plant attracts insects?

Petals are frequently colourful to attract insects.

Sepals are small and green. They look like leaves. They protect the flower.

The ovary contains ovules. The ovules become seeds.

The stamens produce pollen.

The pistil contains the ovary. The ovary becomes a fruit.

56 fifty-six

The life cycle of a flowering plant

6 Make a word puzzle. Copy the sentences about reproduction. Cut out each sentence. Your partner puts them in order.

a. The seeds germinate. b. Seeds grow inside the fruit.c. The pollen reaches the pistil.

d. An insect transports the pollen to another flower.

e. The ovule grows into a fruit.

Predict4 How many life stages does a plant have? Look at the diagram.

Think about it5 What disperses the pollen? Say wind, insect or bird.

The wind, insects or animals transport the pollen from the stamen of one flower to the pistil of another flower.

The pollen travels to the ovary. The pollen fertilises the ovules. The ovules become seeds. The ovary develops into a fruit. The fruit contains seeds.

The fruits falls to the ground. The wind, animals or insects disperse the seeds.

The seeds germinate: they begin to grow.

A B C

The plant grows into a tree. The life cycle begins again.

5

4

3

2

1

57

4

fifty-seven

Do all plants produce seeds?

Some types of plants do not produce flowers or fruits.

Mosses are very small plants. They do not produce flowers or fruits with seeds. Instead, they produce tiny spores in capsules. The spores grow into new plants.Mosses grow on rocks, tree trunks and on the ground. They look like a soft carpet. They grow in moist places.

Do mosses need a lot of water?

You need moss from a florist’s shop• Divide the moss into two lots.• Place the lots in two dishes. Water

one lot every day. Do not water the other lot.

• What happens to each group of moss plants after one week? And after two weeks?

1 Listen and point to the photos.

2 Make a class mural of the types of plants on pages 55, 58 and 59. In groups, choose angiosperms, gymnosperms, mosses or ferns.

• Find photos, classify and label them on the mural.

• Which plants grow near you?

Mosses on rocks Spores in the capsules

Capsules SporesMosses

Mini lab

58 fifty-eight

Ferns do not produce flowers, fruits or seeds. They have large leaves, called fronds. They produce spores. The spores grow on the underside of the fronds. The spores grow into new plants.Ferns grow in shady, moist places, like forests.

Compare3 Look at the photos of mosses and ferns. Tell your partner.

produce

Mosses

Gymnosperms spores

flowers

seeds

cones

Angiosperms

Ferns

Spores on the underside of the leaf

Fern

4 Write about the plants. Make sentences.

They are large.

Are fern leaves large or small?

Key words• moss • fern • spore• capsule • frond

spores

Fronds Spores

do not produce

59

4

fifty-nine

Do plants react to light?

Plants are living things. However, they do not have sense organs. They cannot move about. How do they react to their environment?

You need: • a shoebox with a lid      • 3 plants in plastic cups      • black tape

Preparation

• Cut a 2 cm hole in the centre of the shoebox lid.

• Water the three plants. Label them A, B and C.

• Put the plants in the shoebox, as in the picture.

• Close the lid. Seal the box with black tape. Light only enters through the hole in the lid.

Do your experiment1 Place the box in a sunny place for

one week.2 Predict. In which direction will

each plant grow? I think plant A will grow ...

3 After one week, open the box. 4 Draw the position of the three

plants.

Analyse your results• Make sentences

Plant Ais

growing

towards the left.

Plant B towards the right.

Plant C straight up.

• What are your conclusions? Write the correct answer.

Plants react /don’t react to light. Leaves and stems grow towards /away from the light.

Mini lab

60 sixty

1 Listen and identify the tools.

How do we study plants?

To study plants, we observe them, measure them and classify them. We watch them grow to see what conditions they need.

We can use different tools to study plants.

a magnifying glass a camera a ruler the Internet

2 Use a field guide. Read and answer the questions to identify three types of plants.

1. Does it have a hard trunk with high branches? Yes. It is a tree. / No. Go to number 2.2.  Does it have a short trunk with low branches near the ground? Yes. It is a bush. No. Go to number 3.3. Does it have a soft flexible stem with no branches? Yes. It is a grass plant.

A B C D

A B C

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4

sixty-one

Check your progressVocabulary

1 Listen and say angiosperm, gymnosperm, fern or moss.

2 Identify the drawings. Match the numbers to the words.

Concepts

3 Match the columns. Write sentences about angiosperms in your notebook.

fern stem seedsflower moss pine cone

The flowers

The trunk

The roots

The seeds

The stem

The leaves

growsgrow

aboveinsideunder

on

the fruits.the stem or branches.

the ground.

Example: Picture 1 is a moss.

1

4

5

6

2

3

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Apply what you know

4 Look at the photos of the life cycle of this tree. Put the stages in order.

Think about your work in this unit. Copy and complete.

PLANTS WITHOUT SEEDS

mosses

spores

…

• What tree is it?

5 Complete the mind map about plants.

PLANTS WITH SEEDS

…

angiosperms

no flowers

…

My progress How is my work?

1

Very well OK I need practice

I can describe the function of parts of plants. … … …

I can describe the life cycle of a flowering plant. … … …

63

4

sixty-three

Make a field journal

Final task

Visit an area where plants grow

1 Write on the first page of your field journal.

Include:• Your name, the date, the name

of the place, the season. • Write the weather conditions. Is the

soil wet or dry?

2 Choose a small area of land to study. Observe your area for ten minutes.

• What sounds can you hear? • What plants can you see?• What animals can you see?

3 Discuss with your partner.

• a notebook • a ruler• a pencil • a magnifying glass

You need:

NAME: DavidDATE: 8th April PLACE Sunford nature parkSEASON: springWEATHER: sunnySOIL CONDITIONS: dry

What can you see on that plant?

It’s a ladybird.

64 sixty-four

Record information in your field journal

Think about what you want to write in your field journal

4 Make drawings of the plants and animals.

• What plants can you see? Measure them, then draw them.

• Can you see any interaction between animals and plants?

• What other things attract your attention?

Write labels and descriptions

5 Describe each plant. Include information like:

• the type of plant: angiosperm, fern, moss...• the function of the parts: the sepals protect / the flowers contain ...• the number of leaves or flowers, their colour, size and smell.

6 Read a classmate’s journal. Exchange ideas. This is an angiosperm. The flowers are red.

Eight centimetres tall.

How tall is it?

Be a scientist!

65

4

sixty-five

Key vocabulary

99

one hundred

Animals

amphibian a vertebrate animal. Its body is covered with bare skin. It lives on land and in water. A frog is an amphibian.

beak the projecting jaw of a bird. All birds have a beak.

bird a vertebrate animal. Its body is covered with feathers. Most birds can fly.

carnivore an animal that eats meat.earthworm an invertebrate animal.

It has a long thin body divided into segments. It lives in the soil.

exoskeleton a protective covering of some invertebrate animals.

fish an animal that lives in water. Its body is covered with scales.

gills the organs through which fish and some amphibians breathe.

herbivore an animal that eats plants.insect an invertebrate animal. Its body

has three parts: the head, the thorax and the abdomen.

invertebrate an animal without a backbone or an internal skeleton.

lungs the organs of vertebrate animals that breathe in air.

mammal a vertebrate animal. Its body is covered with hair or fur. Most mammals live on land.

omnivore an animal that eats both plants and meat.

oviparous born from eggs. Birds are oviparous.

reptile a vertebrate animal that lives on land. Its skin is covered with scales.

shell a protective covering of some animals. A shell is hard and strong.

starfish an aquatic invertebrate. It has an exoskeleton.

vertebrate an animal with a backbone and an internal skeleton.

viviparous born from the mother’s womb. Mammals are viviparous.

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U N I T

3

Plants

angiosperm a flowering plant that has fruits and seeds.

bush a plant with a short trunk and low branches.

capsule a tiny part of a moss that contains the spores.

fern a plant with large leaves called fronds. A fern reproduces by spores.

flower the part of a plant that contains the reproductive organs.

frond the large leaf of a fern. It has spores on the underside of the leaf.

grass a plant with a soft stem, and no branches.

gymnosperm a plant that produces cones that have seeds. A conifer is a gymnosperm.

leaf the part of a plant that absorbs sunlight. Plants make their own food through the leaves.

moss a tiny plant. It reproduces by spores that are inside capsules.

ovary the part of a plant that contains the ovules. The ovary develops into a fruit.ovule the part of a plant that

becomes a seed.petal the colourful part of a flower

that attracts insects and animals.pistil the part of a plant that contains

the ovary.

pollen small grains that fertilise the ovules of a plant. Pollen is transported by the wind, insects, or other animals.

roots the parts of a plant that fix the plant in the soil. Roots grow underground.

sepal the small green part of the flower that look like leaves. They protect the flower.

stamen the organ of a flower that contains the pollen.

stem the part of a plant that supports it.tree a plant with a hard trunk and high

branches.

4

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U N I T

one hundred and one

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