3 Main Factors that affect show animal performance 1.) Genetics – Inherited performance potential...

3 Main Factors3 Main Factors that affect show animal that affect show animal

performanceperformance1.) 1.) GeneticsGenetics – – Inherited performance Inherited performance potential the prospect animal has from parents at potential the prospect animal has from parents at birth. Ex. Growth potential, frame size and muscle birth. Ex. Growth potential, frame size and muscle characteristics, maternal instincts, etc…characteristics, maternal instincts, etc…

2.) 2.) ManagementManagement – Providing feed, water, – Providing feed, water, housing and general care to maximize the animals housing and general care to maximize the animals comfort and therefore maximize production potential comfort and therefore maximize production potential and profit.and profit.

3.) 3.) NutritionNutrition – Maximizing an animals – Maximizing an animals performance through a complete and nutritionally performance through a complete and nutritionally balanced feed program.balanced feed program.

Nutrition Management for Nutrition Management for Show Cattle and SwineShow Cattle and Swine

Market trends change through out time….Market trends change through out time….

But the basic nutritional requirements of all livestock have not.

1950’s

2009

NutritionNutrition 6 Nutrient Classes essential for proper body function- 6 Nutrient Classes essential for proper body function-

1.Protein-Made up of Amino Acids, building blocks of Made up of Amino Acids, building blocks of complex proteins. Build Structure (frame and complex proteins. Build Structure (frame and

muscle), repair and regulation: muscle), repair and regulation:

Body frame and structureBody frame and structure

Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, fish meal, corn gluten Soybean meal, cottonseed meal, fish meal, corn gluten meal, whey products, animal protein products, plant meal, whey products, animal protein products, plant

protein products, etc…protein products, etc…


2. 2. Carbohydrates – – Primary function to provide energy, Primary function to provide energy, contribute small amounts to protein contribute small amounts to protein

and other nutrients. and other nutrients.

Fuel for the bodyFuel for the body and some structureand some structure

Corn, barley, oats, milo, grain by-products, Corn, barley, oats, milo, grain by-products, forage products, etc…forage products, etc…


3. 3. LipidsLipids (fats)– – Only function to provide energy, fatty acids aid Only function to provide energy, fatty acids aid

in skin condition, hair coat – 95% fat, allows in skin condition, hair coat – 95% fat, allows for economically increase the energy density for economically increase the energy density

of a feed without feeding more bulk .of a feed without feeding more bulk .

Fuel for the bodyFuel for the body

liquid vegetable oils, dried fats, animal liquid vegetable oils, dried fats, animal tallow, etc…tallow, etc…


4. and 5. 4. and 5. Vitamins and MineralsVitamins and Minerals Vitamins-Vitamins- Regulation of bodily function: Vitamin A, D, E, K, Regulation of bodily function: Vitamin A, D, E, K, C, B-Vitamins C, B-Vitamins (Thiamine, riboflavin, B12, etc…)(Thiamine, riboflavin, B12, etc…)

Minerals-Minerals- Building Stucture (skeletal), body repair, Building Stucture (skeletal), body repair, function and regulation: function and regulation: (Calcium, (Calcium, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Zinc, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Selenium, Iodine Iron, Selenium, Iodine, etc…)

Structural and Regulatory SupportStructural and Regulatory Support


6. 6. Water -Water -

MOST IMPORTANTMOST IMPORTANT nutrient, and most forgotten. Involved in nutrient, and most forgotten. Involved in the regulation of all bodily functions.the regulation of all bodily functions. Makes up largest Makes up largest

single component of body – average 60% in large livestock.single component of body – average 60% in large livestock.

Effects feed intake, ability to fight stress, illness and disease.Effects feed intake, ability to fight stress, illness and disease.

Never with-hold water for more than very short periods of Never with-hold water for more than very short periods of time with the exception of under a veterinarians instruction time with the exception of under a veterinarians instruction

and supervision.and supervision.

Complete and BalancedComplete and Balanced

How to Pick a FeedHow to Pick a Feed

SpeciesSpecies-Cattle, Dairy, Swine, Sheep, Goat, -Cattle, Dairy, Swine, Sheep, Goat,

Horse, Poultry, Horse, Poultry, Rabbit Rabbit. . For show animals, For show animals, general grain mixes or mixed species feeds may be cheaper, but are not general grain mixes or mixed species feeds may be cheaper, but are not specific in nutrients (especially vitamins and minerals) for optimum specific in nutrients (especially vitamins and minerals) for optimum growth and production.growth and production.

Type of digestive system: Type of digestive system: * Ruminant* Ruminant: : Beef and Dairy Cattle, Sheep, Goats. They have 4 Beef and Dairy Cattle, Sheep, Goats. They have 4 chambers in digestive tract (rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum). chambers in digestive tract (rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum). Primary feed is vegetative, plants. High fiber with large capacity.Primary feed is vegetative, plants. High fiber with large capacity.

* Non-ruminant (Simple stomach): * Non-ruminant (Simple stomach): Swine, dogs, fish, and Swine, dogs, fish, and humans. Have one stomach. Limited capacity. humans. Have one stomach. Limited capacity.

* Non-ruminant Herbivore:* Non-ruminant Herbivore: Horses, rabbits, guinea pig, Horses, rabbits, guinea pig, hamster: Have limited capacity, but primary feed is vegetative, hamster: Have limited capacity, but primary feed is vegetative, plants. Grazingplants. Grazing

Feeding Show Steers and HeifersFeeding Show Steers and Heifers

Purpose of Feed: Purpose of Feed: What is the desired end What is the desired end result? result?

**StarterStarter - For young animals under 300 pounds- - For young animals under 300 pounds- 18% crude protein, 3.0 – 3.5% crude 18% crude protein, 3.0 – 3.5% crude fatfat

Feeding steer and heifers calves at this stage the same. Feeding steer and heifers calves at this stage the same. High in protein, energy and vitamins and minerals to High in protein, energy and vitamins and minerals to

support support optimum structural and muscular growth. optimum structural and muscular growth.

Promote a good start, Promote a good start,

And it will carry on into later lifeAnd it will carry on into later life


**GrowerGrower – For animals between 300 to 900# depending upon breed, sex – For animals between 300 to 900# depending upon breed, sex and desired finished weight. At this phase, begin feeding steers and heifers and desired finished weight. At this phase, begin feeding steers and heifers differently.differently.

Steers:Steers: Moderate protein and energy with a high vitamin and mineral Moderate protein and energy with a high vitamin and mineral balance to still support optimum structural and muscular growth. balance to still support optimum structural and muscular growth.

15 to 16% crude protein, 3 – 3.5% crude fat15 to 16% crude protein, 3 – 3.5% crude fat ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Feeding Rate: Steers will be eat between 2.5 to 3% body weight per day, Feeding Rate: Steers will be eat between 2.5 to 3% body weight per day, Divided into 40% concentrate (grain mix)Divided into 40% concentrate (grain mix)

60% roughage (hay)60% roughage (hay)

For Example: a 600# steer will eat between 15 to 18# total feed per head per For Example: a 600# steer will eat between 15 to 18# total feed per head per day.day.

17# x 60% = 10# roughage, hay17# x 60% = 10# roughage, hay 17# x 40% = 7# grain mix17# x 40% = 7# grain mix

Feed at least 2 times per day.Feed at least 2 times per day. Provide free choice access to a clean, fresh water supply and salt at all times.Provide free choice access to a clean, fresh water supply and salt at all times.


Heifers:Heifers: Moderate Moderate proteinprotein and reduced energy. A high and reduced energy. A high vitamin and mineral vitamin and mineral balance to still support optimum structural and reproductive growth. balance to still support optimum structural and reproductive growth.

15 to 16% crude protein, 2.0 -2.5% crude fat15 to 16% crude protein, 2.0 -2.5% crude fat

Too high a fat level for heifers will cause them to finish out too soon, Too high a fat level for heifers will cause them to finish out too soon, put on too much weight that will interfere with reproduction and may put on too much weight that will interfere with reproduction and may

negativelynegatively influence development of milk production systems. Feed to breeding weight.influence development of milk production systems. Feed to breeding weight. ----------------------------------------------------------

Feeding Rate: Heifers will be eat between 2.5 to 3% body weight per day, Feeding Rate: Heifers will be eat between 2.5 to 3% body weight per day, Divided into 40% concentrate (grain mix)Divided into 40% concentrate (grain mix)


For Example:For Example: a 600# heifer will eat between 15 to 18# total feed per head per day. a 600# heifer will eat between 15 to 18# total feed per head per day. 17# x 60% = 10# roughage, hay17# x 60% = 10# roughage, hay 17# x 40% = 7# grain mix17# x 40% = 7# grain mix

Feed at least 2 times per day.Feed at least 2 times per day. Provide free-choice access to a loose or block form of vitamin and mineral Provide free-choice access to a loose or block form of vitamin and mineral

supplement – not tm salt.supplement – not tm salt. Provide free choice access to a clean, fresh water supply and salt at all times.Provide free choice access to a clean, fresh water supply and salt at all times.

Feeding Show SteersFeeding Show Steers

**Finisher-Finisher- For final phase of cattle growth. Protein requirements are lower, but energy For final phase of cattle growth. Protein requirements are lower, but energy requirements increase for marbling and finish conditioning (fattening). Vitamins and requirements increase for marbling and finish conditioning (fattening). Vitamins and minerals are still required but in lower amounts to maintain proper bodily function, such minerals are still required but in lower amounts to maintain proper bodily function, such as immune systemas immune system. .

12-13% crude protein, 4 to 5% crude fat.12-13% crude protein, 4 to 5% crude fat. ----------------------------------------------------------------------

Feeding Rate: Steers will still be eating between 2.5 to 3% body weight per day, Feeding Rate: Steers will still be eating between 2.5 to 3% body weight per day, BUT, nowBUT, now Divided into 60% concentrate (grain mix)Divided into 60% concentrate (grain mix)


For Example: a 900# steer will eat approximately 27# total feed per head per day.For Example: a 900# steer will eat approximately 27# total feed per head per day. 17# x 40% = 11# roughage, hay17# x 40% = 11# roughage, hay 17# x 60% = 16# grain mix17# x 60% = 16# grain mix Feed at least 2 times per day.Feed at least 2 times per day. Provide free choice access to a clean, fresh water supply and salt at all times.Provide free choice access to a clean, fresh water supply and salt at all times. Watch carefully at this stage. When your feeding 25 to 30 # per day, watch for Watch carefully at this stage. When your feeding 25 to 30 # per day, watch for

scours, feed scours, feed refusal, any change in regular behavior. These signs could indicate serious digestive refusal, any change in regular behavior. These signs could indicate serious digestive

upset and need to upset and need to addressed quickly.addressed quickly. Keep sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) on hand for acidosis and Thera-Bloat for bloat Keep sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) on hand for acidosis and Thera-Bloat for bloat

control.control.

Feeding Show SwineFeeding Show Swine

**StarterStarter - - For young animals under 40 pounds-For young animals under 40 pounds-

20% to 23% crude protein, 3.5 – 4.5% crude 20% to 23% crude protein, 3.5 – 4.5% crude fatfat

High in protein, lysine and methionine, energy and vitamins and High in protein, lysine and methionine, energy and vitamins and minerals to support optimum structural and muscular growth. minerals to support optimum structural and muscular growth.

A combination of protein sources such as soybean meal, blood or A combination of protein sources such as soybean meal, blood or plasma, and whey make for a better amino acid profile.plasma, and whey make for a better amino acid profile.

Lysine and methionine are the most important amino acids to Lysine and methionine are the most important amino acids to growing swine. growing swine.

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Feeding rate: Feed free choice during this period. Provide Feeding rate: Feed free choice during this period. Provide free-choice access to a clean, fresh water supply at all free-choice access to a clean, fresh water supply at all times.times.

Promote a good start, Promote a good start, And it will carry on into later And it will carry on into later lifelife

Feeding Show SwineFeeding Show Swine**Grower/Finisher -Grower/Finisher - For hogs from 40 pounds to market weight- For hogs from 40 pounds to market weight- 16% to 20% crude protein, 4.5 – 6.0% crude fat16% to 20% crude protein, 4.5 – 6.0% crude fat

High quality protein, lysine and methionine, energy and vitamins and minerals to continue High quality protein, lysine and methionine, energy and vitamins and minerals to continue optimum structural and muscular growth. optimum structural and muscular growth.

Lysine and methionine are still limiting amino acids and are required for muscle development.Lysine and methionine are still limiting amino acids and are required for muscle development. ------------------------------------------------Feeding directions: Feed free-choice to 160 pounds, then…Feeding directions: Feed free-choice to 160 pounds, then… Evaluate for average daily gain and body condition.Evaluate for average daily gain and body condition.

If on track, continue with same feed, hand feed at 3 – 4% of body weight per day in 2 If on track, continue with same feed, hand feed at 3 – 4% of body weight per day in 2 equal feedings.equal feedings.

example: For a 180 pound pig, feed 6 pounds (3.5%)example: For a 180 pound pig, feed 6 pounds (3.5%) OROR If needing to push for extra weight or need a “softer” carcass, hand feed at 4% of body If needing to push for extra weight or need a “softer” carcass, hand feed at 4% of body

weight per day and add a weight gain supplement such as liquid fat (golden energizer), weight per day and add a weight gain supplement such as liquid fat (golden energizer), Calf Manna, Sumo as label recommended. You may need to feed 3X per day, make any Calf Manna, Sumo as label recommended. You may need to feed 3X per day, make any changes gradually over a 5 – 7 day period.changes gradually over a 5 – 7 day period.

OROR If needing to slow down growth and hold, reduce the amount of complete feed by ¼ to ½ If needing to slow down growth and hold, reduce the amount of complete feed by ¼ to ½

and replace with beet pulp, Full Tank, Bloom and Fiber, etc. If using beet pulp shreds, and replace with beet pulp, Full Tank, Bloom and Fiber, etc. If using beet pulp shreds, best to soak before feeding. best to soak before feeding.

Slows down daily gain and growthSlows down daily gain and growth Maintains happier pigs due to feeling full, not hungry, easier to work with.Maintains happier pigs due to feeling full, not hungry, easier to work with.

Important:Important: Provide free-choice access to a clean, fresh water supply at all times. Provide free-choice access to a clean, fresh water supply at all times. Limiting access to water during weigh-in and on show day is a common practice and should Limiting access to water during weigh-in and on show day is a common practice and should

be exercised carefully. Dehydration will be made worse by stress, and can be dangerous.be exercised carefully. Dehydration will be made worse by stress, and can be dangerous.

Feeding Show Steers, HeifersFeeding Show Steers, Heifersand Swineand Swine

**SupplementsSupplements-- Feed additives top dressed or mixed into Feed additives top dressed or mixed into primary feed to produce a more specific result.primary feed to produce a more specific result.

- Vegetable Oil- Vegetable Oil – added to increase energy (fat) density of – added to increase energy (fat) density of primary feed. primary feed.

- Prebiotics and Probiotics- Prebiotics and Probiotics – addition of microbial products – addition of microbial products to to strengthen digestive health and balance strengthen digestive health and balance during times of stress.during times of stress.

Probios, Manna E, BioMos, AcidifiersProbios, Manna E, BioMos, Acidifiers - - Other additivesOther additives – Calf Manna, Beet Pulp, Rolled Oat Groat, – Calf Manna, Beet Pulp, Rolled Oat Groat,

Sumo, Sumo, Full Tank, MEDICATIONS, etc….Full Tank, MEDICATIONS, etc….

All of these feeds have specific purposes. All of these feeds have specific purposes. Using a product by mistake or inappropriatelyUsing a product by mistake or inappropriately

can not only be expensive, it can prevent a can not only be expensive, it can prevent a successful project.successful project.

Call your feed store or contact the manufacturer for any Call your feed store or contact the manufacturer for any questions.questions.

MedicationsMedications Medications are added to feed for specific reasons. Do not assume Medications are added to feed for specific reasons. Do not assume

that if it works in one species, it automatically would work in that if it works in one species, it automatically would work in another. another.

For example: asprin in dogs vs. catsFor example: asprin in dogs vs. cats

Do not misuse or abuse any medications. Do not misuse or abuse any medications. * Do not use in unapproved species. Not only is this * Do not use in unapproved species. Not only is this

unlawful, but it is unlawful, but it is unethical and may be causing undo unethical and may be causing undo harm to an animal and you won’t harm to an animal and you won’t know it. know it.

* Always follow label instruction for proper use. Off label use * Always follow label instruction for proper use. Off label use is is against the law. Don’t forget that you are raising against the law. Don’t forget that you are raising “food”!“food”!

* Do not over-dose. “Well, it this much works this good, more * Do not over-dose. “Well, it this much works this good, more should work should work even better.” Not necessarily, some medications even better.” Not necessarily, some medications when over-dosed when over-dosed become harmful, even lethal. become harmful, even lethal. * Always check expiration dates on medications. Some expired * Always check expiration dates on medications. Some expired drugs get drugs get weaker the older they get, but some get weaker the older they get, but some get stronger and even lethal . Even stronger and even lethal . Even check the dates when your at check the dates when your at the feed store. the feed store.

* ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS pay attention to warning * ALWAYS, ALWAYS, ALWAYS pay attention to warning about personal about personal safety when using a product. safety when using a product.

* Special warnings about Paylean.* Special warnings about Paylean.

ManagementManagement Figuring (ADG) Average Daily Gain needed Figuring (ADG) Average Daily Gain needed

to make fair weight. to make fair weight. 1. Get accurate start weight of animal. 1. Get accurate start weight of animal. Example 40# piglettExample 40# piglett

2. Determine finished weight desired at fair time. 2. Determine finished weight desired at fair time. Example 230# pigExample 230# pig3. Check calendar and determine how many days until fair check in. 3. Check calendar and determine how many days until fair check in.

Example: 4 months and 8 days = 128 days totalExample: 4 months and 8 days = 128 days total

Calculation:Calculation: 2 parts 2 parts Part 1:Part 1: Finish weight – Start weight = Total weight needed to gain Finish weight – Start weight = Total weight needed to gain (230#) - (40#) = (230#) - (40#) = 190 pounds needed to gain190 pounds needed to gain

thenthen

Part 2: Pounds needed to gain ÷ Number of day until fair check in = Part 2: Pounds needed to gain ÷ Number of day until fair check in = AAverageverage D Daily aily

GGain (ADG)ain (ADG)

190# ÷ 190# ÷ 128 days128 days = 1.48 # ADG = 1.48 # ADG

Meaning: Your pig needs to gain at a minimum 1.48# a day until fair to hit the target Meaning: Your pig needs to gain at a minimum 1.48# a day until fair to hit the target weight of 230#. weight of 230#.

Do this exercise regularly!!!Do this exercise regularly!!! 2 – 3 x per month is not too often with animals that may be 2 – 3 x per month is not too often with animals that may be smaller, slower growers or fast growers and easy keepers. This will help determine how smaller, slower growers or fast growers and easy keepers. This will help determine how well your animal is growing and will prevent any surprises at the check-in scales. It is well your animal is growing and will prevent any surprises at the check-in scales. It is

easier to hold or slow down versus pushing hard.easier to hold or slow down versus pushing hard.

Estimating weight – without a scaleEstimating weight – without a scale

Dana Moore-YoungDana Moore-Young

The Greeley Elevator The Greeley Elevator CompanyCompany

(970) 352-2575(970) 352-2575

[email protected]@gmail.comom

3 Main Factors that affect show animal performance 1.) Genetics – Inherited performance potential...

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