3 G DATA ACCESS

3 G DATA ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES

WHAT IS 3 G3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G.

To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving.

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Technologies3G is superior to the other digital standards like:-

GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide .And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America. 3G Technologies:-WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct SpreadCDMA2000 - 1x-EvDO/EvDV---Multi carrierUMTS TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code4G Technologies:-Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area broadcasting Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS) Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

Route to 3G1G: analog2G : 1st digital mobile telephony2.5G: transition from 2G to 3G3G standard: IMT 2000

THE GENERATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIESWireless communication revolutionChanging the way we liveCapabilities not possible in the past

5In the last 30 years, we've evolved from a basic cellular phone system that only made phone calls that only very few individuals could obtain, to mobile devices that allow us to plan our day, send E-mails, take pictures, listen to music, watch video.History of Mobile Telephony First Generation (1G)Early 1980'sAnalog transmissions (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)824 - 890MHzCellular modemsCellular Digital Packet Data (9600 bps)

Motorola DynaTAC 8000X AMPS

Motorola MicroTAC9800X AMPS6Family of standardsFirst generation:-

Almost all of the systems of this generation were Analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic.

1G wireless networks used analog radio signals. Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers. This is done using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA).

These systems could often be listened to by third parties.

3.DRAWBACK OF 1G 1G compares unfavorably to its successors. It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice links, and no security at all since voice calls were played back in radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted eavesdropping by third parties.History of Mobile Telephony Second Generation (2G)Early 1990'sDigital AMPS Personal Communications Service1.9GHz band; 20-70Kbps typicalUtilized CDMA & TDMA AdvantagesCompressionLess power consumption Short Messaging Service / MMSSecurity DisadvantagesPoor signal conditionsLossy compression

Motorola StarTAC Second generation:-2G refers to second generation wireless telecommunication technology. While its predecessor, 1G, made use of analog radio signals, 2G uses digital radio signals.

Based on what type of multiplexing (the process of combining multiple digital data streams into one signal) is employed, 2G technologies may be categorized by whether they are based on time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA).

Around 60% of the current market is dominated by standards. of second Generation.

TDMA-based 2G standards

It includes the following:

Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), used worldwide;

Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (IDEN), developed by Motorola and used in the United States and Canada;

Interim Standard 136 (IS-136) or Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), used in North and South America; and

Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), used in Japan.

IS-95, on the other hand, is CDMA-based. It was developed by Qualcomm, and is alternately known as TIA-EIA-95 or cdmaOne.

ADVANTAGES OF 2G

2G cellphone units were generally smaller than 1G units, since they emitted less radio power.

Another advantage of 2G over 1G is that the battery life of a 2G handset lasts longer, again due to the lower-powered radio signals

2G also offered additional services such as SMS and e-mail.

Its lower power emissions also made 2G handsets safer for consumers to use.2G WirelessThe technology of most current digital mobile phonesFeatures includes:- Phone calls- Voice mail- Receive simple email messagesSpeed: 10kb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 31-41 min2.5 Generation

2.5G, which stands for "second and a half generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G.

"2.5G" is an informal term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G" which are officially defined standards based on those defined by the International Telecommunication (ITU). The term "2.5G" usually describes a 2G cellular system combined with General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), or other services not generally found in 2G or 1G networks.

GPRS is a service commonly associated with 2.5G technology. It has data transmission rates of 28 kbps or higher. Improved 2G networks (GPRS) manages to support few of applications like web browsing, emailing, video streaming, Multimedia messaging service etc. therefore GPRS can also be said that it is 2.5 generation technology.

GPRS came after the development of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) service, which is classified as 2G technology, and it was succeeded by the development of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS), which is classified as 3G technology.

2.5G WirelessThe best technology now widely availableFeatures includes:- Phone calls/fax- Voice mail-Send/receive large email messages- Web browsings- Navigation/maps- New updatesSpeed: 64-144kb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 6-9min

3G: OverviewInternational Mobile Telecommunications-2000

850, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100 MHz bands

Introduces packet-switching (sharing)

Increased security

Typical speeds300Kbps - 1.4Mbps download100Kbps - 800Kbps uploadStreaming multimediaThird generations:-

3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G.

To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving.

It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programmer, IMT-2000.

3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services.

Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.

3G WirelessCombines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TVFeatures includes:- Phone calls/fax- Global roaming- Send/receive large email messages- High-speed WebNavigation/mapsVideoconferencing- TV streaming- Electronic agenda meeting reminder.Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/secTime to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min

Evolution Paths2.5G2G3GcdmaOneIS-95ATDMAcdmaOneIS-95B Cdma2000 1XCdma2000 1xEV-DV

Cdma2000 1xEV-DO

GSMGPRSEDGEWCDMAGSM Map Core NetworkIS-41 Core Network W-CDMA also known as UMTS CDMA2000 TD-CDMA / TD-SCDMA UWC (often implemented with EDGE) DECT

STANDARDS USED IN THE 3G MOBILES ARE FOLLOWING CDMA basicsMultiplexing - allowing multiple transmitters to send data simultaneously using the same frequencyEach transmitter assigned a unique code to distinguish its transmissions over the mediumAllows for a larger bandwidth than TDMA (Time division multiple access) and FDMA (Frequency division multiple access)

CDMA analogyA room full of people speaking to each other.

Methods to distinguish conversations:

Speaking one at a time: TDMA

Speaking in different pitches: FDMA

Speaking in different languages: CDMACDMA2000

Developed By the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)Defines an Air Interface- set of protocols used between mobile units and their network A Form of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)Used by over 250 Million Users world wideThe first version of CDMA2000 enabled up to 100 callers to share a single 1.25 MHz CDMA channel and provided a peak data rate of 153 KbpsEvolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) technology increased the peak data rate to 3.1 Mbps per channel, with the average user experiencing from 500 to 800 Kbps UMTSDeveloped by 3rd Generation Partnership Projects Describes a network topology Builds on GSMAdds additional functionalityComplex network structure3 physical layer (air interface) protocols W-CDMATD-CDMATD-SCDMAW-CDMA OverviewInitially developed by NTT DoCoMo in the late 1990's as the 3G air interface for their FOMA networkLater added to the IMT-2000 family of standardsChosen for UMTS Most widely used UMTS air interfaceHigh service flexibilityVariable data ratesConnections can use multiple channelsUsed as basis for HSPA family of protocols W-CDMA TechnicalUses the 1920-1980, 2110-2170 MHz frequency range'W' stands for wide band- 5MHz wide channelsFull duplexFrequency Division Duplexing (FDD)Time Division Duplexing (TDD)Uses CDMA protocolOriginally was capable of speeds of 2 MbpsWith HSPA, rates of 14.4 Mbps have been achievedHSPA+ yields peak rates of 58 Mbps 293G TD-SCDMAIn china, more than 8 millions GSM subscribers were added in just 1 month.chinas desire to craft its own wireless vision.Chinese CATT and Siemens jointly submitted IMT-2000 3G standard based on Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple AccessRelies on existing GSM infrastructure1.6 MHz channel and smart antennas to yield more spectral efficiency.5 ms frames divided into 7 slots allocated to single data only user or several slow usersTD-SCDMA allows easy upgrade to GSM.High Speed Packet AccessHSPA is built on W-CDMASoftware construct- requires minimal base station upgrades Provides much faster data rates 14.4 Mbps downlink and 5.8 Mbps uplinkSystem capacity increased 5x for downlink and 2x for uplink Stands for 2 different protocolsHSDPA - downlinkHSUPA - uplinkHSPA+Evolved HSPA, 58 Mbps downlink 22 Mbps uplinkUtilized by the iPhone 3G CapabilitiesVoice quality comparable to the public switched telephone network144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly over small areasUp to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office useSymmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission ratesSupport for both packet switched and circuit switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time video

THE EXPECTED GROWTH OF 3 G IN INDIA

India is seeing an unprecedented increase in the mobile users. According of one of the latest TRAI reports released in November 2008, the total number of mobile users in India has reached 325 million. In October 2008 alone, 10.42 million new subscribers added. These figures are bound to shoot up with the launch of 3G network.

SERVICE PROVIDERS OF 3G IN INDIA

Some of the major mobile players in India are BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile, Reliance mobile and Tata mobile. At one time Aircel mobile was leading the market; however, it has now lost the market share to BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile and other leading mobile players.

3G ENABLED HANDSETS IN INDIA

Here are the top ten 3G phones of 2009 and their price in Indian Rupees1. Nokia E 71 Rs. 19,700 2. Apple iphone 3G Rs. 298003. Samsung Pixon Rs.309994. Nokia N85 Rs.22,0005. Blackberry Bold Rs 349906. Blackberry Storm Rs 27990 (Only available bundled with Vodafone connection)7. LG Secret Rs. 220008. INQ 1 (Price not available)9. Sony Ericsson C905 Rs.31,00010. Samsung Omnia Rs.31,2003G in India by mid 2009 but with spectrum curbs

With the Government issuing guidelines for 3G, high speed mobile downloads and live television on mobile will finally become a reality by middle of 2009. But customers in Delhi or Mumbai may not have much to look forward to.

Due to spectrum constraints, there are merely three Global System for Mobile (GSM) operators that can offer 3G services. With one slot already reserved for MTNL and the other two open for global bids, customers in Delhi and Mumbai may end up missing the 3G bus if they dont switch operators.ADVANTAGES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY

The Operations Utilizing the TechnologyGetting InfoFaster SpeedOn Price

UtilizationAT&T utilizes HSPA which yields speeds upwards of 14.4 MbpsQUALCOMM companies utilize EV-DO which yields speeds of 3.1 Mbps

DISADVANTAGESExpensive input fees for the 3G service licenses

Numerous differences in the licensing terms

Large amount of debt currently sustained by many

telecommunication companies, which makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G

Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators Expense of 3G phones

Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services GEFeatures of 3G

Key features of 3G systems are a high degree of commonality of design worldwide, compatibility of services, use of small pocket terminals with worldwide roaming capability, Internet and other multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals.3G Multimedia ApplicationsFeatures of 3G that make it well suited for multimedia: Always on data transferMultiple directional data transferIP datagramsHigh data speeds

Always-on data transferPrevious generations used time based connections

3G focused on data transfer, rather than timeAbility to stay on the networkMore suited for internet applications

Done primarily with IP based connectionMultiple directional data transfer3G allows for sending as well as receiving packets

2G does not support sending data packets

Allows for sharing content on the web

Many modern apps rely on uploading data

IP datagramsCommunication on the internet is done primarily using IP

3G communication can be done using IP datagrams

This allows for communication directly to the web without additional translation or network complexity

Mobile 3G devices look like typical end users to serversHigh data speeds3G offers speeds up to 14.4 Mbps

Streaming audio (128-320 Kbps)MPEG-1 (1.2 Mbps)

2G only reached 20-70 Kbps of data download

OutlineHistory of Mobile Telephony3G OverviewCDMA basicsCDMA-2000 & UMTS3GPP3G Multimedia Application Implementation of 4G LTE & WiMAXCommunication ProtocolsApplication of 4G with Multimedia Conclusion 4G: The Next GenerationLTE (Long Term Evolution) Advanced, A more direct upgrade from 3G, currently a 4G candidateWiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)[Available now with Clearwire and Sprint]

Properties of 4GLTE uses 700MHz, while WiMAX uses 2.5GHzFeatures of LTE and WiMAX:Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)greater bandwidth efficency along with greater reliability than 3GAll IP-Core, More Multimedia friendly, videos, games, etc.seamless transition from 4G to 3G coverage areasState of the art encryptionSprint:Performance ~12 MbpsLTE 360 Mbps, WiMAX144 Mbps

Applications of 4G with MultimediaLive mobile VideoMobile GamingCloud based video servicesMore interactivity with use of GPSAs well as faster internet

ConclusionMultimedia will continue to be more ubiquitous in mobile devices as time goes on

To keep up with the improving multimedia technologies, data rates and mobile devices will need to evolve with it

There will always be a desire for higher bandwidth

Market is constantly evolving, 4G is only the next step