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PETROLEUM PROCESSING (II) UNIVERSITY OF CAIRO B.Sc. (Chem. Eng) 

FINAL YEAR EXAM ___________ FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TIME; 21/4 Hrs 

SECTION (R: Answer ALL Questions (compulsory) Total = 40 Marks 

1-A- Write down the names ( only)- either in English or_Arabic- of the followingPetroleum, chemical & Heavy Metal industry companies that exist in Egypt: 

i. FOUR Refining Companies located in Different Regions in Egypt. 

ii. THREE Cement Companies, THREE Fertilizer Companies as well

as TWO Heavy Metal Companies/ Complexes. , ( 6M ) 

B- In one of those Egyptian Petroleum Refining Companies, located on the

Mediterranean Sea region, their exists a " Lube Oil Complexf!

that comprises

typical comprehensive units for the production of f Finished Lube Oils

!; in that

respect, draw (only) a Block Diagram of ALL the units that generally exist and in

the proper sequence . Furthermore, in ONE of those aforementioned units/Processes, TWO By Products of value are produced accordingly, with the aid of a

labelled Flow diagram, describe that specific Process and state its importance as

well as the use(s) of those resulting By Products. Finally, give the foil &

abbreviated nam^of the Refining Company in question. (8 M) 

C- In executing the Lube Oil Complex ( mentioned in part B) the Refining

Company undertook "a series of detailed steps from the stage of the Conceptual

Idea' for establishing that Complex to the stage of 'Receiving the various offers1

from the 'Selected Qualified Bidders1. In that respect, outline in the proper 

sequence- ALL those steps that were carried out by the Refining Company,

indicating (only) the reason for EACH individual step taken and state the nature &

importance of the so calledf Bid Bond

1involved. Finally, write the full names of the

TWO terms L/G and L/C and indicate the reason why it is generally required, for 

Industrial Projects in Egypt, to 'endorse1

those terms from a First Class Egyptian

Bank and give the Arabic translation for the word 'endorse' and the Arabic names

of any such 3 Banks. (13M) 

2- With the aid of a labelled diagram , describe the HDS Process and indicate the

nature of the feed and the reason for adopting such a Process. Finally, give the full

name of that Process as well as its Licensor. (13M) 

NB: Total Question (1) = 27 Marks 

2  

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SECTION (ID Answer ANY TWO Questions Total = 60Marks 

3-A- Describe the manner by which Formaldehyde & Carbon Monoxide are

formed inside the engine cylinder and explain their effects on the Performance of 

ICE. Finally, write down what does ICE stands for. (10M) 

B- With the aid of a Flow diagram, describe the TCC Process and write down its

full & Abbreviated name as well the name & nature of the Catalyst used. Finally,

explain the reasons why the phenomenon known as 'Catalyst Blow up* may take

 place and indicate the measures that are taken to minimize/ eliminate such effect.

Also, write down what does TCC stand for. (20 M) 

4-A- Write down ALL the possible reasons (only) why Wax Particles should be

removed from Finished Lubricating Oils. Also, write the name (only) of the most

efficient & most widely used Commercial Dewaxing Process. Furthermore, state

your reasons why the process selected is more efficient than others and write downthe structural formulae of the dewaxing agent(s) involved. ( 15 M) 

B- MTBE is used to upgrade the quality of a certain petroleum fraction. Write

down what does MTBE stands for & with a typical Flow Diagram^describe an

MTBE process indicating the nature of the feed & the name of Both the property &

the Petroleum fraction. Finally, state how such property was previously upgraded

& the reason why such Old method was discarded. (15 M) 

5-A- With the aid of a typical labelled curve as well as simple diagrams, describe

the effects of BOTH Temperature & Pressure on the yield of cracked gasoline.Finally using a typical Hydrocarbon example, describe the Mechanism of Cracking

and the formation of Petroleum Coke. Also, indicate the specific aspect/basis on

which the various Cracking Processes are evaluated. (20 M) 

B-Describe the method used for measuring and the scale employed for grading the

Ignition Quality of Aviation Gasoline and write down what does ATF stand for.

Finally, define the term "Cetane Number" and write its relation to the "Diesel

Index". ' (10 M) 

Total Exam = 40 M + 60 M = 100 Marks 

3/6/2007 On behalf of the Petroleum

Committee 

-  Prof. Mohamed Osman

-  Assoc.Prof. Fatma AshourPETROLEUM PROCESSING II CAIRO UNIVERSITYB.Sc. (Chem. Eng)FINAL YEAR EXAM __________ FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Time: 2

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Hrs ________________________ 

Answer ALL Questions of Section I AND ONLY ONE from Section II

SECTION I : Answer ALL Questions ( Total Points = 33P

) 

1-A- In an Egyptian Petroleum Refining Companies, located on the

Mediterranean

Sea region, their exists a " Lube OH Complex " that comprises typical

comprehensive units for the production of' Finished Lube Oils '; in that

respect,

draw (only) a Block Diagram of  ALL the units that generally exist and in the

 proper 

sequence.

  (5P) 

B- With the aid of a neat labelled flow diagram, describe the DUBBS cracking

Process. State ALL the possible products from such a cracking operation and outline

  both the Advantages and disadvantages of the process. (8P) 4 

2. A- With the aid of a labelled sketch of the entire fuel system of a Diesel Engine-

including any cylinder and its components and adjoining parts- compare that engine

with that of gasoline. (7P) 

B- Write down the THREE main constituents of Asphalt. Give the names of TWO

types of Asphalt and briefly outline how each of those aforementioned types is

 produced. Also, state the importance (or use) of EACH of the aforementioned types

of Asphalt. (5P) 

3. Furfural is a chemical produced from a certain industry. State what type of 

chemical is it and give the name of the chemical industry from which it is obtained?

Furfural is actually used to improve one of the vital characteristic properties of 

Finished Lube oils1. Accordingly, write down the Full & Abbreviated names of that

 property and state (only) the THREE classes / types of Lubes that are marketed &

 based on specific limits of that property. Finally, with the aid of a labelled curve, briefly describe the steps taken to determine the value for that property in question. 

(8P)

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SECTION II Answer ONLY TWO Questions (Total Points = 30P)  

4-A- Describe the manner by which Formaldehyde & Carbon Monoxide is formed

inside the engine cylinder and explain their effects on the Performance of ICE.

Finally, write down what does ICE stands for. (8P) 

B- With the aid of a labelled diagram /describe the HDS Process and indicate theaature of the feed and th& reason for adopting such a Process. Finally, give the full

Same of that Process-as well as its Licensor.7P) 

5-A- When are the special 'Selective Cracking' processes adopted? State the

reason

why the classical Thermal Cracking process could NOT be adopted efficiently

for 

such purposes. (6P) 

B- With the aid of a labelled diagram, describe the Edeleanu process. Also, givethe reason why such process is adopted to some_straight run fractions of 

Kerosene. (5P) C- What are the reasons for imposing certain limitations on the

quality of TEL added to gasoline? Write the full name and the structural formula

of that chemical. (4P) 

r  

6-A- With the aid of a typical labelled curve as well as simple diagrams, describe

the

effects of  BOTH Temperature & Pressure on the yield of cracked gasoline.

Finallyusing a typical Hydrocarbon example, describe the Mechanism of Cracking and

the

formation of Petroleum Coke. Also, indicate the specific aspect/basis on which

the

various Cracking Processes are evaluated. (8P) 4 

B-Describe the method used for measuring and the scale employed for grading

the Ignition Quality of Aviation Gasoline and write down what does ATF stand

for. Finally, define the term "Cetane Number" and write its relation to the

"Diesel Index". 

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PETROLEUM PROCESSING (II) UNIVERSITY OF CAIRO B.Sc. (Chem.

Eng)

FINAL YEAR EXAM FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TBME:2HRS 

Answer ALL Questions TOTAL MARKS = 60 

1.  Furfural is a chemical produced from a certain industry. State what type

of chemical is it and give the name of the chemical industry from which it

is obtained? Furfural is actually used to improve one of the vital

characteristic properties of'Finished Lube oils'. Accordingly, write down

the Full & Abbreviated names of that property and state (only) the

THREE classes / types of Lubes that are marketed & based on specific

limits of that property. Finally, with the aid of a labelled curve, briefly

describe the steps taken to determine the value for that property in

question. � (16 Marks) 

2.  A- Draw a labelled sketch (only) showing the main parts through which

the fuel flows in the compression ignition engine. With the help of a

diagram give a description of the full cycle occurring in the combustion

chamber and indicate the reason for using two specific fuels in the engine.

Also, define the scale adopted for measuring the performance of these

fuels.

(10 Marks) 

B- State ALL the different constituents and the uses of both Fuel Oil andAsphalt. Give the names of the hardest and softest types of Asphalt and

 briefly outline how each of those aforementioned types is produced. (lOMarks) 

3. Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that can be manufactured locally in most

countries. In that respect, answer the following questions: 

i. Write down the names of THREE different feedstocks. 

ii. State (only) THREE properties of Biodiesel. 

Hi. Outline some uses of Biodiesel. 

iv. Describe with the aid of a chemical equation the method- of  

  preparation of such fuel. v. Outline FOUR main

environmental benefits of such fuel. 

(9 Marks) 

4. Outline the importance of having a "Prefractionating unit" in the UOP Platforming

Process. Also, what is the feed material to that unit and why is that Reforming processcarried out in stages? Finally, write down Two 

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typical Reforming reactions and state the name of the catalyst used and the

method of its handling in that Platforming process. (15 Marks) 

June, 2009  Examiners: Prof. Fatma Ashour