The Evolution of Pieces ofThe Evolution of Pieces of

Global GovernanceGlobal Governance

By: Cheunboran Chanborey

Political communities throughout history have tried to establish norms and rules for interacting with their neighbors.

Confucius: norms of moderation in interstate relations and condemnation of the use of violence

Greeks sought to establish permanent protective alliances among the city-states to address conflicts

Christian leaders should form political alliance against violators of the prevailing norms, the Pope could arbitrate any disputes.

Introduction

The right of state to choose its religion and determine its own domestic policies.

The prohibition of interference from supranational authorities like Church.

Sovereignty is the core of the state system. However, many scholars have rejected the concept that

states have complete freedom to do whatever they wish as any event has regional and global implication.

State System and Its Weaknesses

Contemporary state system is the matter of dispute between three approaches: Realist view of Machiavelli Rationalist view of Grotius Revolutionist view of Kant

What do YOU THINK?

Continued…

1. Concert of Europe

Informal intergovernmentalism (multilateral meeting), established in 1815 for the purpose of settling problems and coordinating actions.

A concert of major powers making system-wide decisions by negotiation and consensus, multilateral consultation, collective diplomacy, and special status for great powers.

The Concert convenes over 30 meeting. The last meeting took place in Berlin in 1878.

Governance in 19th Century

2. Public International Unions

Functional cooperation and coordination in Europe:

International Telegraph Union – 1865

Universal Postal Union (UPU) – 1874

International Chamber of Commerce – 1874

International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) – 1923

Governance in 19th Century

3. The Hague System

In 1899 and 1907, Czar Nicholas II convened two conferences in The Hague, involving both European and non-European states to think proactively about what techniques to prevent war.

The Convention for Pacific Settlement of International Disputes

Ad hoc International Commissions of Inquiry

Permanent Court of Arbitration - 1899

Governance in 19th Century

Due to the massive destruction of WWI People started to think of post-war system.

League of Nations was created in 1919.

Principles: (1) respect and preserve the territorial integrity and political independence (2) collective security

Main Organs:

The Council (P4: Britain, France, Italy, and Japan)

Assembly and Secretariat

Two autonomous organization: PCIJ, ILO

The League of Nations – 20th Century Multilateralism

The League of Nations failed to prevent Italy from invading Ethiopia in 1935.

It failed to halt Japan invading Manchuria in 1939.

It could not prevent WWII from erupting.

What are the reasons behind its failure?

Related to the UN: FAO, IAEA, ICAO ILO, UNHCR, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO….

Bretton Woods Institutions: IMF, WB, and GATT/WTO

Regional functional organizations: African & Asian Development Bank, Arab Monetary Fund, OPEC, Pa American Organizations.

Functional and Specialized Organizations

International: ICJ and ICC International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea WB Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes WTO Dispute Settlement Mechanism

Regional: African Court of Justice Central American Court of Justice Court of Justice of the Andean Community EU Court of Justice

Specialized Courts: Court of Justice of Benelux Economic Union European Court of Human Rights Inter-American Court of HRs

International and Regional Courts