(3) Ecology Part B TECH
Transcript of (3) Ecology Part B TECH
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Earth and Climate
Weather- the day-to-day
condition of Earths
atmosphere at a
particular time and place
Climate- average year-
after-year conditions of
temperature and
precipitation in a
particular region
Weather- any day
Climate- long-term
pattern
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What effects climate
Different latitudes- get different amounts of
direct sun.
More direct sun= warmer weather
Sunlight
Most direct sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
Sunlight
90N North Pole
66.5N
23.5N
0
23.5S
66.5S90S South Pole
Arcticcircle
Tropic ofCancer
Equator
Tropic ofCapricorn
Arcticcircle
Different Latitudes
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What effects climate
Heat transport in the biosphere
Ocean Currents
Winds
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Ecological Succession
Ecological Succession- The series of predictable
changes that occur in a community over time.
Primary Succession- Succession that occurs
where no soil exists (usually when new land is
created from a volcano ,etc)
PioneerSpecies- first species to populate an
area (ex lichen on rock)
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Ecological Succession
Secondary Succession- Succession that
occurs when there is soil (example
succession after a forest fire)
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Ecological Succession
Succession can occur in water as well
Terrestrial- land
Aquatic- water
Terrestrial succession- land succession
Aquatic succession- water succession
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Land Biomes
Tropical rain forest
Tropical dry forest
Tropical savanna Temperate woodland
and shrubland
Desert
Temperate grassland
Boreal forest
(Taiga)
Northwestern
coniferous forest
Temperate forest
Mountains and
ice caps
Tundra
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Tropical Rainforest
Abiotic factors: hot
and wet year round;
thin, nutrient-poor
soils
Dominant plants
and animals: broad-
leaved evergreen
trees; ferns; sloth;
jaguars; parrots; etc.
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Tropical Savanna
Abiotic factors: Warm
Temperatures; Seasonal
Rainfall, compact soil,
frequent fires set by
lightning
Dominant plantsand
animals: Tall perennial
grasses, drought-tolerant
and fire resistant trees,Lions, Leapords,
elephants, etc.
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Desert
Abiotic factors: Low
Precipitation, variable
temperatures, soil rich in
minerals but poor organic
material
Dominant plantsand
animals: Cacti and other
succulents (water storing
plants), snakes,scorpions, kangaroo rats,
mountain lions, etc.
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Temperate Grassland
Abiotic factors: Warm to
hot summers; cold
winters, moderate,
seasonal precipitation,
fertile soils, occasional
fires
Dominant plantsand
animals: Lush perrenial
grasses and herbs,coyotes, badgers, etc.
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Temperate Woodland and
Shrubland Abiotic factors: Hot,dry summers, cool,moist winters, thin
nutrient-poor soils,periodic fires
Dominant plantsand animals: woody
evergreen shrubs withsmall feathery leaves,coyotes, foxes,rabbits, etc.
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Temperate Forest
Abiotic factors: Coldto moderate winters,warm summers, year
round precipitation,fertile soils
Dominant plantsand animals:
broadleaf deciduoustrees, some conifers,flowering shrubs,deer, black bears, etc.
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Northwestern Coniferous Forest
Abiotic factors: Mildtemperatures,abundant precipitation
during fall, winter, andspring; relatively cool,dry summer; rocky,acidic soils
Dominant plantsand animals:Douglas Fir, Spruce,Bears, elk, and deer
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Boreal Forest- Taiga
Abiotic factors: Long,
cold winters; short, mild
summers; moderate
precipitation; high
humidity; acidic, nutrient-
poor soils
Dominant plantsand
animals: coniferous
trees, some deciduoustrees, lynx, timberwolves,
etc.
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Tunda
Abiotic factors: StrongWinds; low precipitation;short and soggysummers; long, cold, and
dark winters; poorlydeveloped soils;permafrost
Dominant plantsandanimals: Short plants
such as mosses andlichens; birds andmammals that canwithstand the harshenvironment.
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Ten MajorBiomes
Biome Precipitation Temperature Soil Diversity Trees Grasses
Tropical Rain
Forest
high hot poor high dense sparse
TropicalDry
Forest
variable mild rich moderate medium medium
Tropical
Savanna
variable mild clay moderate sparse dense
Desert low variable poor moderate sparse sparse
Temperate
Grassland
moderate summerhot rich moderate absent dense
Temperatewoodland and
Shrubland
summerlow,winter
moderate
summerhot poor low medium medium
Temperate
Forest
moderate summer
moderate,
wintercold
rich high dense sparse
Northwestern
Coniferous
Forest
high summer
mild, winter
cold
rocky,
acidic
low dense sparse
Boreal Forest moderate summer
mild, winter
cool
poor,
acidic
moderate dense sparse
Tundra low summer
mild, wintercold
poor low absent medium
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Aquatic Ecosystems
Freshwater Ecosystems
Flowing water ecosystems (ex Rivers)
Standing water ecosystems (ex Lakes andPonds)
Freshwater wetlands Wetland- an ecosystem in which water covers thesoil or is present near the surface part of the year
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Aquatic Ecosystems
Estuaries- where rivers meet sea (mix of
fresh and salt water)
Saltmarshes- temperate
zone estuaries with mostlysalt tolerant grasses
Mangroveswamps- costalwetlands with mostly salttolerant trees
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Aquatic Ecosystems MarineEcosystems- saltwater
Intertidal Zone- Near shore between high andlow tide. Covered by water part of the day.
Coastal Ocean- Low tide mark to the edge of
the continental shelf
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Aquatic Ecosystems MarineEcosystems- saltwater
Photic Zone- well-lit upperlayer oftheoceans
Aphotic Zone- permanently darklayer of
the oceansbelow the photic zone