3-D TV

CONTENTS

*INTRODUCTION*BASICS OF 3D TV*ARCHITECTURE OF 3D TV*TECHNOLOGIES PRESENLTY USED*MULTIVIEW AUTO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAY*3D VIEWERS*APPLICATION OF 3D TV*DISADVANTAGES*CONCLUSION*REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION

* At First films were silent, then sound was added.* Cinema and television were initially black and white, then colour tv was introduced.* Computer imaging and digital special effects have

been the latest major novelty.* Nowadays markets are flooded with HDTV,LCD and Plasma TV’s* 3D TV is expected to be next revolution in theTV industry

BASICS OF 3D TV*BINOCULAR PARALLAX: Binocular parallax refers to the ability of the eyes to see a solid object and a continuous surface behind that object even though the eyes see two different views.

*MOTION PARALLAX: It means information at the retina caused by relative movement of objects as the observer moves to the side(or his head move sideways)

*DEPTH PERCEPTION: It allows the beholder to accurately gauge the distance to an object. It is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions.

Stereoscope

It is an optical device for creating stereoscopic(or three dimensional) effects from flat(two dimensional) images. D. Brewster first constructed the stereoscope in 1844.

*Stereographic images: It means two pictures taken with a time separation that are then arranged to be viewed simultaneously.

*Holographic images: A luminous, 3D, transparent coloured and nonmaterial image appearing out of a 2D medium, called a hologram.

ARCHITECTURE OF 3D TV TECHNOLOGY

*Acquisition

*Transmission & display

*AcquisitionThe acquisition stage consists of an array of the hardware synchronizes cameras.

*CCD image sensors*MPEG-2 encoding*PCL card

TRANSMISSION & DISPLAY CAMERA 1 3D PROCESSOR DIGITAL HD ENCODER

CAMERA 2

HOME 3D HD TV

TECHNOLOGIES USED*ANAGLYPHIC 3D

*IT PROVIDES A 3D EFFECT WHEN VIEWED WITH TWO COLOUR GLASSES (USUALLY RED AND CYAN).

*IMAGES ARE MADE UP OF TWO COLOUR LAYERS, BUT THEY ARE OFFSET WITH RESPECT T O EACH OTHER TO PRODUCE A DEPTH EFFECT.

POLARIZATION 3D*Two images intended for each eye are displayed from two separate projectors.

*Each image is projected with a polarization mutually orthogonal to the other polarization.

*Polarized 3d glasses are then used with polarized filters to ensure that each eye receives only the intended image.

*It works well, and the required glasses are cheap and light.

ALTERNATE FRAME SEQUENCING

*The movie is filmed with two cameras. Then the images are placed into a single strip of film in alternating order.

*The film is then run at 48 frames per second.

*Each eye glasses contains a liquid crystal layer.

AUTO STEREOSCOPIC DISPLAYS

*Holographic displays: The holographic image is true three dimensional. It can be viewed in different angles without glasses.

*Volumetric displays: It creates a 3d imagery via the emission, scattering or relaying of illumination from well defined regions in (x,y,z) space.

*Parallax displays: It emits spatially varying directional light. The panorama gram, invented in 1824, is an instrument used to obtain the illusion of depth on a flat source.

*Lenticular display: The lenticular sheet is a line of array of narrow cylindrical lenses called lenticules.The purpose of the lenses is to focus more of the light into a horizontal beam and allow less of the light to escape above and below the plane of the viewer.

3D VIEWERS

active viewer passive viewer

shutter systems polarization systems

SHUTTER SYSTEM It generally uses liquid crystal shutter glassesA Shutter system works by openly presenting the image intended for the left eye while blocking the right eye's view, then presenting the right-eye image while blocking the left eye, and repeating this so rapidly that the interruptions do not interfere with the perceived fusion of the two images into a single 3D image

POLARIZATION SYSTEMS

To present stereoscopic pictures, two images are projected superimposed onto the same screen through polarizing filters or presented on a display with polarized filters. For projection, a silver screen is used so that polarization is preserved. The viewer wears low-cost eyeglasses which also contain a pair of opposite polarizing filters.

Colour anaglyph systems

Anaglyph 3D is the name given to the stereoscopic 3D effect achieved by means of encoding each eye's image using filters of different (usually chromatically opposite) colours, typically red and cyan. Anaglyph 3D images contain two differently filtered coloured images, one for each eye.

Chromadepth system

The ChromaDepth procedure of American Paper Optics is based on the fact that with a prism, colours are separated by varying degrees. The ChromaDepth eyeglasses contain special

view foils, which consist of microscopically small prisms.

Pulfrich method

The Pulfrich effect is based on the phenomenon of the human eye processing images more slowly when there is less light, as when looking through a dark lens. Because the Pulfrich effect depends on motion in a particular direction to instigate the illusion of depth, it is not useful as a general stereoscopic technique.

3D TV MANUFACTURERS

Some of the major 3d TV manufacturers are:*Toshiba*LG*Philips*Sony*Samsung

SONY *launched in 2010

LG*launched in 2010

PHILIPS*launched in 2011

SAMSUNG*launched in 2011

TOSHIBA*launched in 2010

APPLICATION OF 3D TV TECHNOLOGY

*In the field of medicine, education.

*Entertainment and gaming.

*Military and communication field.

*Richer, lifelike and entertaining experience than 2d TV for home users.

*In engineering field for simulation and visualization.

DISADVANTAGES

*Greater 3d experience requires glasses to be worn while viewing.

*No defined industry standard for 3d hardware, software and TV components.

*High production and transportation costs of 3d video information.

*Health problems may occur.

CONCLUSION

*Thus we have seen various technologies used for 3d imaging and viewing.

*We also explained technology of 3d TV, discussed various aspects and features of 3d TV.

*Another area of future research is precise colour reproduction of natural scene on multi view displays.

*In future we will be able to touch and smell the objects being projected from a screen to the viewers.