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CONDITIONALS

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ZERO CONDITIONAL

  If you don’t water  flowers, they die.

If you have a headache, stop watching TV.

With zero conditional

we express a general truth or we give advice.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE 

Main clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE 

or IMPERATIVE

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FIRST CONDITIONAL

If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.

If you don’t apologize, she will never trust you again.

The first conditional refers to the present and uture.

It expresses a possi!le condition and

its pro!a!le result in the uture.

If clause:

PRESENT SIMPLE 

Main clause:

"#T#RE SIMPLE

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Jack wants to buy a house but he can’t do thisbecause he doesn’t hae any !oney" 

If I had a lot of

money, I would buy a big

house.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

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Susan wants to #hone $au% but she can’t dothis because she doesn’t know his nu!be&" 

If I knew his number, I would phone him.

SECOND CONDITIONAL

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If I had a lot of money, I would buy a big house.

  If I knew his number, I would phone him.

ifclause:

PAST TENSE SIMPLE

!ain clause:

PRESENT $%N&ITI%NAL

  would ' ininitive

SECOND CONDITIONAL

The second conditional refers to the present and uture.It expresses an unreal situation and its pro"a"le result.

The situation or condition is i(pro!a!le) i(possi!le)

i(aginar*, or contrary to known facts.

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FIRST " SECOND CONDITIONAL

T+E &I""EREN$E, "IRST and SE$%N& $%N&ITI%NAL#oth conditionals refer to the present and uture.

The difference is a"out pro!a!ilit*, not ti(e.

$irst conditional: real and possi"le situations

%econd conditional: unlikely to happen

If John runs fast, he will win the race.

If John ran fast, he would win the race.

This is sti%% #ossib%e to ha##en"

This is un%ike%y to ha##en because John doesn’t &un 'ast"

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T(IRD CONDITIONAL

Jack wanted to buy a house last year but hecou%dn’t do that because he didn’t hae any !oney" 

If I had had a lot of money,

 I would have bought a big house. 

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T(IRD CONDITIONAL

Yesterday) Susan wanted to #hone $au% but shecou%dn’t do that because she didn’t know his nu!be&" 

If I had known hisnumber,

 I would have phoned him.

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T(IRD CONDITIONAL

If I had had a lot of money, I would have bought a big house.

  If I had known his number, I would have phoned him.

ifclause:

PAST PER"E$T SIMPLE

!ain clause:

  PAST $%N&ITI%NAL

would ' have ' past participle

The third conditional refers to the past and

it is not !ased on acts. It expresses the a situation

which is contrar* to realit* in the past-

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SECOND " T(IRD CONDITIONAL

T+E &I""EREN$E, SE$%N& and T+IR& $%N&ITI%NALThe difference is a"out ti(e.

%econd conditional: refers to the present and future

Third conditional: refers to the past situations

If I saw a car accident, I would call an ambulance.

If I had seen a car accident, I would have called an ambulance.

*ut I don’t see an accident now" This is un%ike%y to ha##en"

*ut I didn’t see an accident yeste&day"

This is cont&a&y to the 'act in the #ast"