3 ANO INGLES.pdf

8/15/2019 3 ANO INGLES.pdf

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APOSTILA 2015

INGLÊS ENGLISH

STUDENT:_____________________________


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INGLÊS 3º ANO – ENSINO MÉDIO – 2015 2

SUMARY

Diagrama dos verbos e Revisão__________________________________________03

If clauses_____________________________________________________________18

Present Perfect ________________________________________________________19

Prepositions __________________________________________________________22

Past Perfect __________________________________________________________23

Passive voice _________________________________________________________26

Indefinite Pronouns ____________________________________________________31

Relative Pronouns _____________________________________________________33

Modal Verbs _________________________________________________________36

Future Perfect ________________________________________________________39

Tabela de verbos ______________________________________________________41

Reported speech ______________________________________________________ 43


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DIAGRAM OF ALL TENSES

Legend

moment in time

action that takes place once, never or several times

actions that happen one after another

actions that suddenly take place

eriod of time

action that started before a certain moment and lasts beyondthat moment

actions taking place at the same time

Result

action taking place before a certain moment in time

puts emphasis on the result

Course /

Duration

action taking place before a certain moment in time

puts emphasis on the course or duration of the action


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REVISÃO

1- ADVÉRBI OS

ABOUT

sobre, a respeito de , em torno de, cerca de, por, devido a.

Exemplos:They were talking about politics, eles estavam conversando

sobre política.She wore pearls about her neck, ela usava pérolas ao redor

do pescoço.The show began about midnight, o espetáculo começou

cerca de meia-noite.We have been walking about the town all day, estivemos

andando pela cidade o dia todo.They quarrel about trifles, eles discutem por minharias.

ABOVE

sobre, por sobre, mais de, acima de, superior a.

Exemplos:We were flying above the clouds, nós estávamos voando

por sobre as nuvens.There were above fifty pupils in the classroom, havia mais

de cinqüenta alunos na sala de aula.He is above suspicion, ele está acima de qualquer suspeita.A major ranks above a captain, o posto de maior é

imediatamente superior ao de capitão.

ACROSS

de através, através de, no outro lado de, em contato com.

Exemplos:We swam across the river, nadamos através do rio.There is a restaurant across the avenue., há um restaurante

no outro lado da avenida.I came across this book yesterday, encontrei este livro

ontem.

AFTER

depois de, após, atrás de, em homenagem a, à imitação de, àsemelhança de.

Exemplos:They left after dinner, eles partiram após o jantar.After a storm comes a calm, após a tempestade vem a

bonança.The dog was running after the cat, o cão estava correndo

atrás do gato.He was named Henry after his uncle, deram-lhe o nome de

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Henrique em homenagem ao tio.He dances after the Indians, ele dança à moda dos

(=imitando os) índios.He paints after Rubens, ele pinta imitando Rubens.

AGAINST

contra, em troca de, junto a, em.

Exemplos:The boat sails against the current, o barco navega contra a

corrente.They voted against my proposal, eles votaram contra

minha proposta.We took machinery against coffee, recebemos maquinaria

em troca de café.Please, lean the ladder against the wall, por favor, apóie a

escada na parede.

ALONG

ao longo de, por.

Exemplos:The horses galloped at full speed along the road, os cavalos

galoparam a toda a velocidade pela estrada.

AMID, AMIDST

entre, no meio de.

Exemplos:He was seen amid the throng, ele foi visto no meio da

multidão.They are amidst enemies, eles estão entre inimigos.

AMONG,AMONGST

entre, no meio de, com.

Exemplos:We are among(st) friends, estamos entre amigos.The Christmas gifts were divided among the children, os

presentes de Natal foram divididos entre as crianças.The one-eyed are kings among the blind, na terra dos cegos

quem tem um olho é rei.

AROUND

ao redor de, perto de, por, de um lugar para outro.

Exemplos:

We planted a few trees around the house, plantamosalgumas árvores ao redor da casa.


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There is a shop around the corner, há uma loja junto àesquina (na outra rua).

We travelled around Europe for three months, viajamos pela Europa três meses.

AT

em, a (à), ao, no, contra, para, de, com.

Exemplos:He spent a few days at Curitiba, ele passou alguns dias em

Curitiba.We are at home, estamos em casa.The china was sold at auction., a louça foi vendida em

leilão.They'll soon be at liberty, eles em breve estarão em

liberdade.The car is at our disposal, o carro está a nossa disposição.He is standing at the door, ele está em pé à porta.He was at work when we arrived, ele estava a trabalhar

quando chegamos.He'll go at midnight, ele irá à meia-noite.He'll come at noon, ele virá ao meio-dia.The wreckage was at the bottom of the sea, os destroços do

naufrágio estavam no fundo do mar.He shot at the target, ele atirou no alvo.He was staying at the "Stevens Hotel", ele estava

hospedado no "Stevens Hotel".They'll pay at the end of the month, eles pagarão no fim domês.

The tiger jumped at him, o tigre saltou contra ele.The boy pointed at the toy, o menino apontou para o

brinquedo.I was looking at the picture, eu estava olhando para o

quadro.We laughed at him, nós nos rimos dele.The children were mocking at us, as crianças estavam

zombando de nós.

I laughed at his jokes, eu me ri com suas pilhérias.He is good at this game, ele é bom neste jogo.He was driving his car at 80 mph, ele estava dirigindo o

carro a 80 milhas por hora.We are selling these articles at a loss, estavamos vendendo

estes artigos com prejuízo.Dogs bark at strangers, cães latem para os estranhos.She stared at him, ela o encarou fixamente.We were surprised at seeing him, ficamos surpresos ao vê-

lo.

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BEFORE

diante de, em frente de, na frente de, perante, antes de.

Exemplos:They were sitting before the fireplace, eles estavam

sentados diante da lareira.

The tanks were seen before the infantry, os carros decombate eram vistos à frente da infantaria.

The poor and rich are alike before God, o pobre e o ricosão iguais perante Deus.

The culprit appeared before a court of justice, o réucompareceu perante um tribunal.

He'll arrive before noon, ele chegará antes do meio-dia.

BEHIND

atrás de, detrás de, em apoio de, depoisi de.

Exemplos:The broom is behind the door, a vassoura está atrás da

porta.All his friends are behind him, todos os amigos o apóiam.He came behind his hour, ele veio depoisi da hora.

BELOW

abaixo de, para baixo de.

Exemplos:

The garage is below the ground floor, a garagem estáabaixo do andar térreo.He is below his schoolfellows, ele está abaixo de seus

colegas.It is the third shop below the post office, é a terceira loja

para baixo (da agência) do correio.

BENEATH

sob, abaixo de, inferior a.

Exemplos:

There was a bench beneath the tree, havia um banco sob aárvore.

His conduct is beneath contempt, sua conduta é (ou está)abaixo da crítica.

REVISÃO


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2 - PRONOMES POSSESSIVOS

PRONOMES

PESSOAIS PRONOMES

POSSESSIVOS

I , euthou , tuhe , eleshe , elait , ele, elawe , nósyou , vósthey , eles, elas

my, mine , meu, minha, meus, minhasthy, thine , teu, tua, teus, tuashis, his , seu, sua, seus, suas (dele)her, hers , seu sua, seus, suas (dela)its, its , seu, sua, seus, suas (dele, dela)our, ours , nosso, nossa, nossos, nossasyour, yours , vosso, vossa, vossos, vossastheir, theirs , seu, sua, seus, suas (dles, delas)

Os possessivos concordam em gênero e número com o possuidor e não com acoisa possuída, como em português:

Paul wrote to

his brother

his sister

his brothers

his sisters

Paulo escreveu a

seu irmãosua irmãseus irmãossuas irmãs

Mary wrote to

her brother

her sister

her brothers

her sisters

Maria escreveu a

seu irmãosua irmãseus irmãos

suas irmãs

Paul and Mary wrote to

their brother

their sister

their brothers

their sisters

Paulo e Maria escreveram a

seu irmãosua irmãseus irmãossuas irmãs

REVISÃO

3- PRONOMES DEMONSTRATI VOS

a) Os demonstrativos:this , este, esta, isto;these , estes, estas;that , esse, essa, isso, aquele, aquela, aquilo; ethose , aqueles, aquelas

São usados:


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I) Como pronomes adjetivos:This boy is writing, este menino está escrevendo.That girl is reading, aquela menina está lendo.These books are mine, estes livros são meus.Those children are playing, aquelas crianças estão brincando.

II) Como pronomes substantivos;Who is this? Quem é este?What is this? Que é isto?These are the books he bought, estes são os livros que ele comprou.Do you agree to that? Você concorda com isso?That's not right, isso não está direito.We talked of this and that, falamos disto e daquilo.Whose are those? De quem são aqueles?

b) São também usados como demonstrativos:

So, issoSuch , tal, taisThe same , o mesmo, a mesmaThe one , o, aThe former , aquele(s), aquela(s)The latter , este(s), esta(s)Yon, yond, yonder , aquele(s) lá, aquela(s) lá (ou acolá).

Ex.:He told me so, ele me contou isso.He himself says so, ele próprio o diz.He never says such things, ele nunca diz tais coisas.She is a child will be treated as such , ele é uma criança e será tratda como tal.He wrote the same words three times, ele escreveu as mesmas palavras três

vezes.He would do the same , ele faria o mesmo.Those are the ones he brought yesterday, queles são os que ele trouxe ontem.Prof. Smith and Prof. Brown arrived yesterday, the former came from London,

the latter from New York, o Prof. Smith e o Prof. Brown chegaram ontem; aquele veiode Londres e este, de Nova Iorque.

I see a few trees on yonder hill, vejo algumas árvores naquele monte lá.

REVISÃO


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4- PRONOMES INDEF INI DOS

a) OS INDEFINIDOS MAIS COMUNS

Any, qualquer, quaisquer, algum, alguns, alguma(s).

Some, algum, alguns, alguma(s), cerca de, cert(s), certa(s).

No, nenhum, nenhuma.

None, nenhum, nenhuma.

Much, muito, muita.

Many, muitos, muitas.

Little, pouco, pouca.Few, poucos, poucas.

All, todo(s), toda(s), tudo.

One, a gente, certo, um certo, algum, alguma.

Each, cada.

Every, todo(s), toda(s), cada.

Other, outro(s), outra(s).

Another, um outro, uma outra.

Either, um ou outro, uma ou outra, cada.

Neither, nem um(a) nem outro(a), nenhum dos(das) dois(duas).

Both, ambos, ambas.

Enough, bastante.

Several, vários, várias.

Anybody, anyone, alguém.

Anything, alguma coisa.

Somebody, someone, alguém.

Something, alguma coisa.

Nobody, no one, ninguém.

Nothing, nada.

Every, everyone, todos (todas as pessoas).

Everything, tudo.

REVISÃO


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5- VERBOS

Present Continuous tense

Affirmative

- I am + verb+ing- You are + verb+ ing- He is + verb+ ing

- She is + verb+ ing- It is + verb+ ing

- we are + verb+ ing- you are + verb+ ing- they are + verb+ ing

Negative

- I am not + verb+ ing- You am not + verb+ ing- He is not + verb+ ing

- She is not + verb+ ing- It is not + verb+ ing

- We are not + verb+ ing- You are not + verb+ ing- they are not + verb+ ing

Interrogative

- Am + verb+ ing I ?- Are + verb+ ing you?- Is + verb+ ing he?

- Is + verb+ ing she?- Is + verb+ ing it?

- Are + verb+ ing you?- Are + verb+ ing they?

Exemplos:

Affirmative

I am sleepingYou are cookingThey are visitingWe are walking

You is playing baseball

Negative

I am not helpingHe is not cookingShe is not visiting

They are not studyingWe are not fining

Interrogative

Are you reading letter?Is he a good cooking?

Is she good singer?

Are we tall?Are they beautiful woman?

Simple past


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Affirmative

- I was- You were- He was

- She was- It were

- We were- You were- They were

Negative

- I was not- You were not- He was not

- She was not- It were not

- We were not- You were not- They were not

Interrogative

- Was I?- Were you?- Was she?

- Was he?- Was it?

- Were we?- Were you?- Were they?

Exemplos:

Affirmative

I was oneShe was marking reports

She was busy the policestation

It was awfulSchool was out earlier today

Negative

I was not a gardenerMy brothers where not a

plumberThose boys were not painters

She was not a nurseShe was not a bus driver

Interrogative

When was the girl at the park?Where were the two friends last Sunday?

Who was at home last night?When were the girls in Paris?Who was at school yesterday?

Past Continues tense


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Affirmative

- I was + verb + ing- You were + verb +

ing

- He was + verb + ing- She was + verb + ing- It were + verb + ing

- We were + verb + ing- You were + verb +

ing- They were + verb + ing

Negative

- I was not + verb + ing- You were not + verb + ing

- He was not + verb + ing- She was not verb + ing

- It were not + verb + ing- We were not + verb + ing- You were not + verb + ing- They were not + verb + ing

Interrogative

- Was + verb + ing I?

- Were + verb + ing you?- Was + verb + ing she?- Was + verb + ing he?- Was + verb + ing it?

- Were + verb + ing we?- Were + verb + ing you?- Were + verb + ing they?

Exemplos:

Affirmative

I was playing soccerHe was reading a bookThey were swimming

He was sleepingThey were helping mom

Negative

I was not cookingHe was not dancingShe was not eating

We were not playing basketballThey were not talking on

telephone

Interrogative

Was the girl writing yesterday?Was the boy sleeping?

Were the girls studying?

Was Simon singing at 10 o’clock? Was Sandra teaching Portuguese?

Simple future


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Affirmative

- I Will- You Will- He will

- She will- It will

- We will- You will- They will

Negative

- I will not- You will not- He will not

- She will not- It will not

- We will not- You will not- They will not

Interrogative

- Will I?- Will you?- Will he?

- Will she?- Will it?

- Will we?- Will you?- Will they?

Exemplos:

Affirmative

I will buy a bike

She will go to beach

He will gotomorrow

He will go togarage

We will ho nextweek

Negative

I will not a operator

She will not acashier

He will not alibrarian

We will not anelectrician

They will not watchTV

Interrogative

Where will theytry?

Where will she go?

When will he go?

Where will Soniago?

Where will Ruango?

Simple present tense

Affirmative

I am boyYou are a girl

She is a womanHe is a man

It is a dog

Negative

I am not happyHe is not beautiful

She is not styleWe are not good

They are not bad

Interrogative

Is it a dog?Is she not style?

Are we not good singer?Is He a man?

Is she a beautiful girl?

OBS: Verbos com terminações especiais

- To do – does- To wash – washes- To kiss – kisses- To box – boxes- To play – plays

- To study – studies

Does he like potato?He washes his car.

She kisses my brother and me.He put pens in boxes.

She plays tennis.They studies math.


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- To watch – watches

Simple Past

Affirmative

- I did +irregular verb- You did +irregular verb- He did +irregular verb- She did +irregular verb- It did +irregular verb

- We did +irregular verb- You did +irregular verb

- They did +irregular verb

Negative

- I did not +irregular verb- You did not +irregular verb- He did not + irregular verb- She did not +irregular verb- It did not +irregular verb

- We did not +irregular verb- You did not + irregular verb

- They did not+ irregular verbInterrogative

- Did I +irregular verb?- Did you +irregular verb?- Did he +irregular verb?

- Did she +irregular verb?- Did it +irregular verb?

- Did we +irregular verb?- Did you +irregular verb?

- Did they +irregular verb?

Exemplos:

Affirmative

- I bought milk- I taught math

- He wrote letter for parents- They put shoes black

- We saw pyramids the Egypt

Negative

- I did not slept- He did not Spoke

- She did not Thought- We did not Flew

- You did not taught

Interrogative

- Did they paint the window?- Did he wash the dog?

- Did she water the flowers?- Did he fix the TV?

Did they clean the kitchen?

Present perfect tense


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Affirmative

- I have- You have

- He has

- She has- It has

- We have- You have- They have

Negative

- I have not- You have not

- He has not

- She has not- It has not

- We have not- You have not- They have not

Interrogative

- Have I?- Have you?

- Has he?

- Has she?- Has it?

- Have we?- Have you?- Have they?

Exemplos:

Affirmative

I have milk drunkHe has live in Rio de Janeiro

She has sold her carWe have gone to NY

They have seen an accident

Negative

He has not been a FranceYou have not found sunglasses

She has not been a motorbikeThey have not gone theaterYou have not lived in Italy

Interrogative

Has he been to England?Have you sold your car?

Have you talked to the bus driver?Has she walked to the supermarket?

Has he searched his sunglasses?

What

What is your name?What color is it?

What is the mater?What about?What now?

Where

Where is the light switch in this room?Where will we go on vacation?

Where will they spend the weekend?Where have gone recently?

Where have you taken the children?

When


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When did you start working at your job?When was the last time that you traveled?When did you last visit your grandmother?

When do you like to go out?When do you usually?

Why

Why are Brazilians going to Miami?Why are people usually fired?

Why should businessman study English?Why do you live in this city?

Why do you want to live in the States?

Who

Who speak English at your house?Who is youngest in this class?

Who was the first president of Brazil?Who cooks best your house?

Who is your best friend?

How Many

How many days are there in a year?How many states are there in the USA?

How many states are there in Brazil?How many countries are there in South America?

How many secretaries are there at your work?

How much

How much that calculator?How mucho this pen?

How much those pencils?How much these eraser?

How much this box?


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Conditional Tense – IF Clauses

Condicional Tense (Futuro do Pretérito e Futuro do Presente)

Para se formar uma frase na forma condicional basta colocar o auxiliar would antes do

verbo principal na frase. Os tempos condicionais podem ser:

Simples

Formado por SUJEITO + WOULD+ INFINITIVO SEM “TO”

Ex: I would study. (Eu estudaria/Eu iria estudar).

Contínuo

Formado por SUJEITO+WOULD+BE=V-ING

Ex: I would be studying. (Eu estaria estudando).

Perfeito

Formado por SUJEITO+ WOULD+HAVE+ PARTICÍPIO PASSADO

Ex: I would have studied. (Eu iria ter estudado/ Eu teria estudado).

Os tempos do condicional são muitas vezes usados juntamente com outros tempos

verbais, e a conjunção if (se) permite que esta correlação seja feita. Com esta conjunção,

se o verbo na frase estiver no presente simples, o outro verbo estará no futuro do

presente.

Ex: If I can, I will go wherever you will go. (Se eu puder, eu irei aonde quer que você

vá).

Com a conjunção if, havendo verbo no passado, o outro verbo irá para o futuro do

pretérito:

Ex: If I could, I would go wherever you will go. (Se eu pudesse, eu iria aonde quer que

você fosse).


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What would you do if...?

By asking questions to passerby and reporting their answers, the New York Daily New’sInquiring Photographer, Jimmy Jemail, knocks together a fascinating column. The things that

people tell him are usually things that thousands of readers have been thinking but not telling.

One day last week he asked, “If your house caught fire at night, what would you grab before

trying to escape?”

“I’d take my most gorgeous negligee from the closet, don’t it, go to the window and wait for

the firemen… I’d risk a few minutes of my life to be s3en as I always want to be seen in public:

glamorous.” Answered a Manhattan café hostess.

“First I’d grab my false teeth… If there was time, I’d then put on my pants. And if I still had alittle time, I’d kick my mother-in-law in the shins so she couldn’t escape. No, that’s not cruelty;

that’s justice.” Said a Bronx waiter.

(Source: WWW.time.com)

So what would you do?

1 If your house caught fire at night, what would you grab?

I would grab

( ) my money ( ) my dog or ( ) _________________

2

If you could live anywhere, where would you live?

I would live in

( ) Natal ( ) Paris ( )____________________________

3

If you could be another person for one day, who would you be?

I would be


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( ) a superstar ( ) a politician ( ) ___________________

4

If you could change one thing in the world, what would you change?

I would change

( ) violence ( ) poverty ( ) _________________________

5

If you won $ 1,000,000 in the lottery, what would you do?

I would

( ) share it ( ) keep it ( ) ____________________________

Present Perfect

Technology

In our days man has achieved a tremendous progress in science and technology.

With technology man has almost occupied all parts of the Earth. He lives in themost torrid climates as well as in the coldest places of the world. He can live on thelittle islands lost in the ocean as well as in the desert.

Man has built modern bridges, dams, power stations and has dominated some

forces of nature such as the water of rivers, lakes and seas.

Man has invented many types of machines and modern devices to improve hislife on the Earth.

Man has sent space ships to other planets and little by little he is conquering theuniverse.

Man has already controlled some bad diseases by means of modern resources ofmedicine.

But there are so many things to do in the future!


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Man hasn’t found the cure for cancer yet.

Man hasn’t finished with the wars.

Man hasn’t solved the problem of hunger and many other social problems.

Man hasn’t learnt to protect nature from pollution and destruction yet.

GRAMMAR

We use the Present Perfect for actions in the past which have a connection to the present. The time when these actions happened is not important.

We use the Present Perfect for recently completed actions.

We use the Present Perfect for actions beginning in the past and still continuing.

EXERCISES


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A) Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. Mother: I want to prepare dinner. (you / wash)____________________ the dishesyet?

2. Daughter: I (wash) ____________________the dishes yesterday, but I (have / not) ____________________the time yet to do it today.

3. Mother: (you / do / already) ____________________your homework?

4. Daughter: No, I (come / just) ____________________home from school.

5. Mother: You (come) ____________________ home from school two hours ago!

6. Daughter: Well, but my friend Lucy (call) ____________________when I (arrive)

____________________and I (finish / just) ____________________the phone call.

7. Mother: (you / see / not) ____________________Lucy at school in the morning?

8. Daughter: Yes, but we (have / not) ____________________ time to talk then.

B) Put the verbs into the correct tense (simple past or present perfect simple).

1. A: (you / play / already)______________________ the new computer game?

2. B: No, not yet. I only (buy) ______________________ it yesterday and I (have /not) ______________________ the time yet.

3. A: (you / go) ______________________ to the cinema last night?

4. B: Yes. I (be) ______________________ there with Sue and Louis. (you / be) ______________________ to the cinema recently?

5. A: I last (go) ______________________ to the cinema two weeks ago.

6. B: So you (see / not) ______________________ the new action film yet.

7. A: No, unfortunately not. (you / enjoy) ______________________ it?

8. B: Oh, I really (love) ______________________it. But Sue (like / not) ______________________it - too much action!

9. A: But why (you / take) ______________________ her with you? She (tell) ______________________ me last week that she (hate) ______________________action films.


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10. B: I think she has an eye on Louis. She (try) ______________________to flirtwith him all the time. So he (can / concentrate / not) ______________________on thefilm.

Prepositions

Prepositions são palavras que estabelecem relações de ligação entre dois elementos de

uma oração. Tomando como exemplo a conhecida expressão “The book is on thetable.”, podemos identificar a preposition “on” (sobre a superfície) ligando dois termos

da oração: o sujeito (the book) e o objeto da preposição (table).

Existem muitas prepositions na língua inglesa. Em razão de muitas delas seremconfundidas, é necessário conhecer bem suas aplicações.

O uso de “In” e “on” é uma das maiores dúvidas no estudo das prepositions. “In” éusado para nos referir a cidades, Estados e países; partes do dia; anos e estações do ano.Exemplos: In 2008, in Brazil, in morning, in Paris, in summer, etc. Também usamos“in” para designar uma coisa que está dentro de outra. Ex: The message is in the bottle.

= A mensagem está dentro da garrafa.

Usamos “On” para nos referir a algo que está sobre uma superfície. Tomando

novamente o exemplo da frase “The book is on the table”, o “on” nos diz que o livro

está sobre a mesa, ou seja, em cima da mesma. Já a preposition “at” é usada para

designarmos o momento (horas) ou local (endereços) exato de algo. Ex: at 7:00 p.m, at456 Lincoln St., etc.Mostraremos de forma resumida, outras prepositions:

- Behind (atrás): I’m behind the tree. = Eu estou atrás da árvore.- Under (debaixo): The dog is under the table. = O cachorro está debaixo da mesa.- Near (perto): Mary is near my house. = Mary está perto da minha casa.- Between (entre): My house is between two blue houses. = Minha casa fica entre duascasas azuis.- From (“de”, usado no sentido de “origem”): She’s from Australia. = Ela é (origem) daAustrália.- To (“para”, no sentido de ir a algum lugar): John will go to Russia tomorrow. = Johnirá para a Rússia amanhã.

http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##http://www.mundoeducacao.com.br/ingles/prepositions.htm##


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Passive voice

The World Trade Center

The Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York (417 and 415 metershigh), the symbol of the American power, were destroyed by terrorists on 11thSeptember, 2001.

Everyone in the world was astonished.

Do you know why they did it?

GRAMMAR

to be + past participle

Active: They built this house in 1486.

In the active voice this house is the object.

Passive: This house was built in 1486.

In the passive voice this house is the subject.

Passive voice - present, past and future

Simple Present – am, is, are + past participle

English is spoken here.

Present Continuous – am, is, are + being +past participle

Excuse the mess; the house is being painted

Simple Past – was, were + past participle

This house was built in 1486 by SirJohn Latton.


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I wasn’t invited, but I went anyway

Past Continuous – was, were + being + past participle

I felt as if I was being watched

Present Perfect – have/has been + past participle

Has Mary been told?

Past perfect – had + been +past participle

I knew why I had been chosen

Future – will be + past participle

You will be told when the time comes

Conditional – would + be + past participle

Time Magazine would be read.

Immediate Future – am, is, are + going to be + past participle

Who’s going to be invited?

EXERCISES

A) Fill the gaps with the correct tenses (active or passive voice).

1. In the year 122 AD, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (visit) ____________________his provinces in Britain.

2. On his visit, the Roman soldiers (tell) ____________________________ him thatPixyish tribes from Britain's north (attack) them.

3. So Hadrian (give) ____________________________ the order to build a protective

wall across one of the narrowest parts of the country.

4. After 6 years of hard work, the Wall (finish) ____________________________ in128.

5. It (be) ____________________________ 117 kilometers long and about 4 metershigh.

6. The Wall (guard) ____________________________ by 15,000 Roman soldiers.

7. Every 8 kilometers there (be) ____________________________a large fort inwhich up to 1,000 soldiers (find) ____________________________ shelter.


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8. The soldiers (watch) ____________________________ over the frontier to thenorth and (check) ____________________________the people who (want)

____________________________to enter or leave Roman Britain.

9. In order to pass through the Wall, people (must go) _________________________

to one of the small forts that (serve) ____________________________as gateways.

10. Those forts (call) ____________________________mile castles because thedistance from one fort to another (be) ____________________________one Romanmile (about 1,500 meters).

11. Between the mile castles there (be) ____________________________ two turretsfrom which the soldiers (guard) ____________________________ the Wall.

12. If the Wall (attack) ____________________________by enemies, the soldiers atthe turrets (run) to the nearest mile castle for help or (light) ______________________

a fire that (can / see) ____________________________by the soldiers in the milecastle.

13. In 383 Hadrian's Wall (abandon) ____________________________ .

14. Today Hadrian's Wall (be) ____________________________ the most populartourist attraction in northern England.

15. In 1987, it (become) ____________________________ a UNESCO WorldHeritage Site.

Past Perfect

The Canterville Ghost Level: lower intermediate

The ghost did not appear for the rest of the week. The only strange thing thathappened was the blood-stain, which they found on the library-floor every morning. Itwas also quite strange that the colour of the stain changed from time to time. Somemornings it was red, then brown or purple, or even green. These changes amused thefamily very much, and bets on the colour were made every evening. The only personwho did not enter into the joke was Virginia. For some unexplained reason, she wasrather annoyed at the sight of the blood-stain, and nearly cried the morning it was green.

The second appearance of the ghost was on Sunday night. Shortly after thefamily had gone to bed they heard a fearful crash in the hall. A suit of armour had fallen

on the floor and in a chair sat the Canterville ghost and rubbed his knees, which seemedto hurt. When the twins started shooting peas at him with their pea-shooters, the ghost


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stood up with an angry growl and passed through them like a mist. He also blew out thecandle, leaving them all in total darkness. On top of the stairs the ghost turned aroundand, in order to frighten the Otis boys, laughed his most horrible laugh. Just then, a dooropened and Mrs Otis came out of her bedroom. “I am afraid you are not well,” she said,

“I have therefore brought you this bottle of medicine.” The ghost looked at her

furiously, and then he disappeared.

When he reached his room, he was completely exhausted. This American familywas extremely annoying. But what annoyed him most was, that he had not been able towear the suit of armour. The weight of it had made him fall and hurt his knees.

For some days after this the ghost only left his room to renew the blood-stain.However, on Friday, the 17th of August, he tried to frighten the Otis family again. Athalf-past ten the family went to bed. For some time the ghost heard the twins laugh, butat a quarter past eleven all was still. So, at midnight he left his secret chamber andglided through the corridors, when suddenly, behind one corner, a horrible ghost stood

right in front of him. As the Canterville ghost had never seen another ghost before, hewas terribly frightened. He quickly hurried back to his room. But then he thought thathe should go and and speak to the other ghost. After all, two ghosts were better thanone, and his new friend might help him to frighten the twins. However, when he came

back to the spot, he found that this 'other ghost' was not real, but only a white sheetwhich the twins had hung there to play a trick on him. Very upset the Canterville ghostwent back to his chamber.

GRAMMAR

We form the Past Perfect with had and the past participle:

had + past participle*

* regular verbs: in finitive + … ed or irregular verbs: 3rd column of the table of the

irregular verbs.


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Affirmative sentences

regular verbs irregular verbs

I/you/he/she/it/we/they had played

hockey.

I/you/he/she/it/we/they had gone

home.

Negative sentences


I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not playedhockey.

I/you/he/she/it/we/they had not gonehome.

Questions


Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they played

hockey?Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they gone home?

EXERCISES

A) Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple (Positive Sentences)

1. The pupils talked about the film they (watch)____________________________ .

2. I was late for work because I (miss) ____________________________ the bus.

3. We lived in the house that my father (build) ____________________________ .

4. We admired the picture that Lucy (paint) ____________________________.

5. They watered the trees that they (plant) ____________________________.

6. The teacher corrected the tests that the pupils (write) ________________________.

7. I received a good mark in my test because I (practise) _______________________on ego4u.

8. The mail order house did not send me the shirt that I (order) __________________


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9. I had to clean the floor because my cats (knock) ___________________________over the flower pots.

10. My friend was in hospital because she (slip) ____________________________ ona banana skin.

B) Write the verbs in Past Perfect Simple (Negative Sentences)

1. In the shopping centre, I met a friend who I (see / not) _____________________forages.

2. The thief could walk right into the house because you (lock / not) ______________the door.

3. We lost the match because we (practise / not) _________________________ thedays before.

4. At school, Jim quickly copied the homework that he (do / not) ________________.

5. We ate at a restaurant last night because I (buy / not) _________________ anythingfor dinner.

6. When we came back, it was cold in the house because Alice (close / not) _________________________ the windows.

7. All day long, Phil was angry with me just because I (greet / not) _______________

him first.

8. When I met Jane at eleven o’clock, she (have / not)__________________ breakfastyet.

9. I couldn’t go to the cinema with my friends last night because I (finish / not) _________________________ my homework yet.

10. Fred answered my question although I (ask / not) _________________________him.

C) Rewrite the phrase into Present Perfect.

Example: he cries - he has cried

1) we don't forget - _______________________________________________

2) you finish - ___________________________________________________


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D) Which answer is correct?

1) In which sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctly?

a) I has bought a new computer.

b) I have bought a new computer.

c) I have buyed a new computer.

E) In which sentence is the Present Perfect put in correctly?

a) They has met at the airport.

b) They have meeted at the airport.

c) They have met at the airport.

F) Since or for?

1) ____12 o'clock

2) ____years

G) Which answers are correct?

1) Which verb forms are used with the Present Perfect?

a) had

b) had had

c) has

d) has had

e) have had

H) What are typical signal words for the Present Perfect?

a) already

b) at the moment

c) ever

d) just

e) last night

f) usually

g) yet


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Relati ve Pronouns

Drink Milk, Lose Weight!

Researches at Purdue University, in Indiana, United States, report that womenin the age group of 18 to 31 who consume an average of 1,000 milligrams of calcium aday have smaller over-all levels of body fat and slower weight gain than women who consume approximately the same number of calories but less calcium. Calcium is achemical element which is present in bones, teeth and blood.

“Our study shows that calcium not only helps control weight, but can also beassociated specifically with decreases in body fat”, says Dorothy Teegarden, assistant

professor of foods and nutrition at Purdue University. “We do not know wheter the

weight regulation applies to women in other age groups or to men”.

The researches also found that women in the study who got their calcium fromdairy sources, such as milk, yogurt and cheese, showed more of the weight control

benefits than those who primarily use nondairy sources – such as vegetables, nuts and beans – or calcium supplements.

“There is something in milk that works to help regulate body weight”,

Teegarden says.

Girls, what are you waiting for? Drink milk, lose weight!

GRAMMAR

who: when we talk about people

which: when we talk about things

whose: instead of his/her or their

that: generic


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EXERCISES

A) Choose one of the following relative pronouns who, which or whose from thedropdown menu.

1) I talked to the girl ___________________car had broken down in front of the shop.

2) Mr Richards, ___________________ is a taxi driver, lives on the corner.

3) We often visit our aunt in Norwich___________________ is in East Anglia.

4) This is the girl ___________________comes from Spain.

5) That's Peter, the boy___________________ has just arrived at the airport.

6) Thank you very much for your e-mail ___________________was very interesting.7) The man, ___________________ father is a professor, forgot his umbrella.

8) The children, ___________________shouted in the street, are not from our school.

9) The car, ___________________driver is a young man, is from Ireland.

10) What did you do with the money___________________ your mother lent you?


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I ndefi ni te pronouns

Music with Past Perfect Continuous!!!!

GRAMMAR

some-: affirmative sentences any-: in negatives and questions

Although we use some- in the interrogative to offer something, to ask forsomething or when we expect a positive response. Examples:

I saw somebody there.

I did not see anybody there.

Did you see anybody there?

Would you like something better?

Instead of I did not see anybody there, we can say I saw nobody there, but wecannot use two negative words: I did not see nobody there.

Anybody, nobody and somebody mean the same as anyone, no-one and

nobody respectively. No-one can also be written no one.

Any can also mean "every" or "it does not matter which / who":

You can take any pencil .

Anybody can do it. It's very easy.

Somebody told me you were abroad.

Nobody came to the meeting.


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Was there anybody in the house?

I want something to eat.

I don't need anything.

I need nothing.

Would you like something to drink?

EXERCISES

A) Fill in the gaps with somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, nothing,somewhere, anywhere or nowhere.

1. I know __________ about this issue that you may find interesting, but if I tell you,you must promise to keep it (a) secret.

2. __________ lives here. There is no water.

3. I spent the night __________ near the beach.

4. __________ could have jumped over this wall, and stole your rake. It's very low.

5. __________ scares him. He's very brave.

6. There is __________ to park here. Let's go __________ else to park.

7. Would you like __________ to wash your hands?.

8. May I have __________ for dessert, please?

9. They took him __________ in London, and he never returned.

10. Please don't leave __________ behind at home. We'll be away for a fortnight.

11. She needs __________ to love. She's very lonely.

12. They will not sing __________ in this city. They said that they would never come back.

13. There isn't __________ you can do to help them. __________ can help them.

14. We do not need __________ else to run this department. We can do it ourselves.


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15. __________ is ringing the bell. Go and see who it is.

16. __________ phoned while we were out, but they did not leave a message.

17. __________ tells me that there is __________ fishy going on .

18. They are looking for __________ to settle down and have children. They want tofind a quiet place to lead a quiet life.

19. "Where would you like to stay?"

"__________ will do provided it is a clean place."

20. "Is there __________ at home?""I don't think there is __________. Mum and dad must have gone out."

Modal Verbs

What causes the Greenish color around the yolk of Hand-Boiled Eggs?

Many times when eggs are boiled, you can observe a greenish color around theyolk. Experienced cooks know that eggs need to be boiled slowly, that boiling needs to

be carefully timed, in order to prevent this discoloration. After boiling, the eggs are placed in cold water to arrest the cooking process. What is the green color that mayresult when these precautions are not taken? Iron, in the form iron (II) ions, reacts withsulfide ions from the white to form iron (II) sulfide:

Fe2+ + S2- = FeS

Modal verbs are for example may, can, must , should , need . They express anability, permission, wish etc. to do something. (I may, can, must swim.) Many modalverbs cannot be used in all of the English tenses. That's why we need to know thesubstitutes to these modal verbs.

Modal Verb Substitute Example


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must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.

must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.

Can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.

may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.

need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.

need not not to have to I need not swim. = I don't have to swim.

shall /should/ oughtto

to be supposed to / to beexpected to / to be to

I shall / should / ought to swim. = I amsupposed to swim. / I am expected to swim. / Iam to swim.

EXERCISES

A) Choose the correct substitute for each modal verb.

1. We ought to win the race. → We_________________ win the race.

2. I can swim. → I _________________swim.

3. You must meet my best friend. → You_________________ meet my best friend.

4. He should be in bed by now. → He_________________ be in bed by now.

5. I must get up early. → I _________________get up early.

6. They may stay up late. → They _________________stay up late.

7. She needs to see the doctor. → She _________________see the doctor.

8. We need not walk. → We _________________walk. 9. You must not sleep → You_________________ sleep.

10. Should I go to the cinema with them? →_________________ go to the cinema

with them?

B) Use modal verbs where possible. If a modal verb can't be used with a certain tense,use its substitute.


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1. You (must) ________ get up early tomorrow.

2. You (not / need) _______________call a baby sitter.

3. We (may) _______________watch the film tonight.

4. He (not / can) _______________see me yesterday.

5. She (must) _______________stay at school yesterday afternoon.

6. (may / you) _______________go to the disco yesterday?

7. He (not / must) _______________sleep now.

8. You (not / need) _______________ answer.

9. He (ought to) _______________give evidence at the court yesterday.

10. Since he bought the new car he_______________ (not / can) sleep.

OBS: - must not - prohibition (it is not allowed)- need not - option (it is not necessary)

Ex: The players must not touch the ball with their hands or arms. = They are notallowed to touch the ball with their hands or arms.

Future Perf ect

Use: something will already have happened before a certain time in the future

will + have + past participle

Ex:

I will have written the letter by tomorrow.

Will the car have started?


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When we arrive there, they won´t have left.

The train will leave the station at 9am.

You will arrive at the station at 9.15am. → When you arrive, the train will have left.

EXERCISES

A) Fill in the verbs in brackets in the Future Perfect.

1) Anne_____________________her bike next week. (to repair)

2) We _____________________the washing by 8 o'clock. (to do)

3) She _____________________Paris by the end of next year. (to visit)

4) I _____________________this by 6 o'clock. (to finish)

5) Sam _____________________by next week. (to leave)

6) She _____________________this with her mother tonight. (to discuss)

7) The police _____________________the driver. (to arrest)

8) They_____________________ their essay by tomorrow. (to write)

9) Paolo_____________________ the teams. (to manage)


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Irregular verbs (most common)

infinitive simple past past participle

to go went Gone

I go I went I have gone

he goes he went he has gone

I don't go I didn't go I haven't gone

he doesn't go he didn't go he hasn't gone

infinitive simple past past participle

Be was/were Been

I am I was I have been

he is he was he has been

we are we were we have been

Beat Beat Beaten

become Became Become

Begin Began Begun

bet* Bet Bet

break Broke Broken

Bring Brought Brought

Build Built Built

Buy Bought Bought

Catch Caught Caught

choose Chose Chosen


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come Came Come

Cost Cost Cost

CUT CUT CUT

Deal Dealt Dealt

Do Did Done

Draw Drew Drawn

Drink Drank Drunk

Drive Drove Driven

Eat Ate Eaten

Fall Fell Fallen

Feed Fed Fed

Feel Felt Felt

Fight Fought Fought

Find Found Found

Fly Flew Flown

Forget Forgot forgotten

Freeze Froze Frozen

Get Got got, gotten

Give Gave Given

GO Went Gone

Grow Grew Grown

Hang Hung Hung


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Have Had Had

Hear Heard Heard

Hide Hid Hidden

Hit Hit Hit

Hold Held Held

Hurt Hurt Hurt

Keep Kept Kept

know Knew Known

Lay Laid Laid

Leave Left Left

Lend Lent Lent

Let Let Let

Lie Lay Lain

Lose Lost Lost

Make Made Made

Mean Meant Meant

Meet Met Met

Pay Paid Paid

Put Put Put

Read Read Read

Ride Rode Ridden

Run Ran Run


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Say Said Said

See Saw Seen

Sell Sold Sold

Send Sent Sent

shake Shook Shaken

steal Stole Stolen

shine Shone Shone

shoot Shot Shot

show* Showed Shown

Sing Sang Sung

Sit Sat Sat

Sleep Slept Slept

Speak Spoke Spoken

Spend Spent Spent

Swim Swam Swum

Take Took Taken

Teach Taught Taught

Tell Told Told

Think Thought Thought

Throw Threw Thrown

understand understood understood

wake* Woke Woken


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Wear Wore Worn

Win Won Won

Write Wrote Written

* regular form (+ -ed) also possible.

Reported Speech

Reported Statements

When do we use reported speech? Sometimes someone says a sentence, for example

"I'm going to the cinema tonight". Later, maybe we want to tell someone else what the

first person said.

Watch my reported speech video:

Here's how it works:

We use a 'reporting verb' like 'say' or 'tell' If this verb is in the present tense, it's easy.

We just put 'she says' and then the sentence:

Direct speech: “I like ice cream”

Reported speech: She says she likes ice cream

We don't need to change the tense, though probably we do need to change the 'person'

from 'I' to 'she', for example. We also may need to change words like 'my' and 'your'.

But, if the reporting verb is in the past tense, then usually we change the tenses in the

reported speech:


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Direct speech: “I like ice cream”

Reported speech: She said she liked ice cream

Tense Direct Speech Reported Speech

present simple “I like ice cream” She said (that) she liked ice cream.

present

continuous“I am living in London” She said she was living in London.

past simple “I bought a car” She said she had bought a car OR She said she

bought a car.

past

continuous

“I was walking along the

street” She said she had been walking along the street.

present perfect “I haven't seen Julie” She said she hadn't seen Julie.

past perfect*“I had taken English

lessons before” She said she had taken English lessons before.

will “I'll see you later” She said she would see me later.

would* “I would help, but..” She said she would help but...

can“I can speak perfect

English” She said she could speak perfect English.

could*“I could swim when I

was four” She said she could swim when she was four.

shall “I shall come later” She said she would come later.

should*“I should call my

mother” She said she should call her mother

might* "I might be late" She said she might be late

must"I must study at the

weekend"

She said she must study at the weekend OR She said

she had to study at the weekend


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* doesn't change

Occasionally, we don't need to change the present tense into the past if the information

in direct speech is still true (but this is only for things which are general facts, and even

then usually we like to change the tense):

Direct speech: “The sky is blue”

Reported speech: She said that the sky is/was blue

Reported Questions

So now you have no problem with making reported speech from positive and negative

sentences. But how about questions?

Direct speech: "Where do you live?"

How can we make the reported speech here?

In fact, it's not so different from reported statements. The tense changes are the same, and we

keep the question word. The very important thing though is that, once we tell the question to

someone else, it isn't a question any more. So we need to change the grammar to a normal

positive sentence. Confusing? Sorry, maybe this example will help:

Direct speech: "Where do you live?"

Reported speech: She asked me where I lived.

Do you see how I made it? The direct question is in the present simple tense. We make a

present simple question with 'do' or 'does' so I need to take that away. Then I need to change

the verb to the past simple.

Another example:

Direct speech: "where is Julie?"

Reported speech: She asked me where Julie was.

The direct question is the present simple of 'be'. We make the question form of the present

simple of be by inverting (changing the position of)the subject and verb. So, we need to change

them back before putting the verb into the past simple.

Here are some more examples:


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Direct Question Reported Question

“Where is the Post Office, please?” She asked me where the Post Office was.

“What are you doing?” She asked me what I was doing.

“Who was that fantastic man?” She asked me who that fantastic man had been.

So much for 'wh' questions. But, what if you need to report a 'yes / no' question? We don't

have any question words to help us. Instead, we use 'if':

Direct speech: "Do you like chocolate?"

Reported speech: She asked me if I liked chocolate.

No problem? Here are a few more examples:

Direct Question Reported Question

“Do you love me?” He asked me if I loved him.

“Have you ever been to Mexico?” She asked me if I had ever been to Mexico.

“Are you living here?” She asked me if I was living here.

Reported Requests

There's more! What if someone asks you to do something (in a polite way)? For

example:

Direct speech: "Close the window, please"

Or: "Could you close the window please?"

Or: "Would you mind closing the window please?"

All of these requests mean the same thing, so we don't need to report every word when

we tell another person about it. We simply use 'ask me + to + infinitive':

Reported speech: She asked me to close the window.

Here are a few more examples:


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Direct Request Reported Request

“Please help me”. She asked me to help her.

“Please don't smoke”. She asked me not to smoke.

“Could you bring my book tonight?” She asked me to bring her book that night.

“Could you pass the milk, please?” She asked me to pass the milk.

“Would you mind coming early tomorrow?” She asked me to come early the next day.

To report a negative request, use 'not':

Direct speech: "Please don't be late."

Reported speech: She asked us not to be late.

Reported Orders

And finally, how about if someone doesn't ask so politely? We can call this an 'order' in

English, when someone tells you very directly to do something. For example:

Direct speech: "Sit down!"

In fact, we make this into reported speech in the same way as a request. We just use 'tell'

instead of 'ask':

Reported speech: She told me to sit down.

Direct Order Reported Order

“Go to bed!” He told the child to go to bed.

“Don't worry!” He told her not to worry.

“Be on time!” He told me to be on time.

“Don't smoke!” He told us not to smoke.

Time Expressions with Reported Speech


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Sometimes when we change direct speech into reported speech we have to change time

expressions too. We don't always have to do this, however. It depends on when we

heard the direct speech and when we say the reported speech.

For example:

It's Monday. Julie says "I'm leaving today".

If I tell someone on Monday, I say "Julie said she was leaving today".

If I tell someone on Tuesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving yesterday".

If I tell someone on Wednesday, I say "Julie said she was leaving on Monday".

If I tell someone a month later, I say "Julie said she was leaving that day".

So, there's no easy conversion. You really have to think about when the direct speech

was said.

Here is a table of some possible conversions:

now then / at that time

today yesterday / that day / Tuesday / the 27th of June

yesterday the day before yesterday / the day before / Wednesday / the 5th of December

last night the night before, Thursday night

last week the week before / the previous week

tomorrow today / the next day / the following day / Friday

Exercises

1) Put the sentences into the indirect speech. Supply the correct form of the verbs.


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a. I said, “I don’t feel well today.”

__________________________________________________________

b.

Mother said, “The girls are playing in the park.”

__________________________________________________________

c.

She said, “I will be your new teacher.”

__________________________________________________________

d.

George said, “I read the newspaper yesterday.”

__________________________________________________________

e.

My father said, “I will be working tomorrow.”

__________________________________________________________

f.

Harold said, ”I am studying Biology now.”

__________________________________________________________

g.

The driver said, “I will reach New York next Friday.”

__________________________________________________________

h. He said, “I saw her last night.”

__________________________________________________________

i.

Jane said, “Joe didn’t lend me his book this morning.”

__________________________________________________________

j. Mr. Winston said, “John doesn’t live here.”

__________________________________________________________


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2) Put the sentences into direct speech.

a.

Julie said that she would receive a letter from her brother.

___________________________________________________________

b.

James said that I had to see his work that day.

___________________________________________________________

c. She said that she had lived there since the year before.

___________________________________________________________

d. They said that they were studying History then.

___________________________________________________________

e. Frank said that he would be in London the following week.

___________________________________________________________

f. We said that we couldn’t find the answer.

___________________________________________________________

g.

Cecilia said that we had to help her that day.

___________________________________________________________

3) Choose the correct alternative.

1.

The reported speech form of the sentence: The clock will never work again if

you try to mend it.” Is:

a. He told that the clock would never have worked again if I have tried to mend

it.

b.

He told the clock would never had worked again if I tried to mend it.

c. He said the clock would had never work again if I had tried to mend it.

d.

He says the clock would never work again if I try to mend it.

e.

He said that the clock would never work again if I tried to mend it.


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2. They said, “We are writing our reports now.”

a.

They said they were writing their reports at the moment.

b.

They said the reports were written by them.

c.

Now they are writing the reports.

d.

They say they wrote the reports.

e. They said that the reports were written.

3.

The indirect speech form of “The teacher said: “I am sure I have understood

you .” is:

a.

The teacher said you are sure you had understood him.

b. The teacher said I was sure he understood him.

c.

The teacher said that he was sure he had understood me.

d.

The teacher said I am sure I have understood you.

e. The teacher said he is sure he understands me.


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BIBLIOGRAFIA:

Inglês para o ensino médio: Volume único / Mariza Tiémann Ferrari, Sarah Giersztel

Rubin - São Paulo: Scipione, 2002 – Série Parâmetro.

Take over 2 / Denise Snatos – São Paulo: Editora Lafonte Ltda.- 2010.

Sun up / Volume 3 / Amos – Presher – Pasqualin – São Paulo: Editora Richmond

Publishing – 3º edição – 2010.

Source: WWW.time.com

Sun up / Volume 2 / Amos – Presher – Pasqualin – São Paulo: Editora Richmond

Publishing – 3º edição – 2010.
http://www.time.com/http://www.time.com/http://www.time.com/http://www.time.com/

3 ANO INGLES.pdf

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