3

4

POPULATION

2

1

POPULATIONS: Distribution

5 POPULATIONS: Abundance (including Density)

POPULATIONS: Dispersal

POPULATIONS: Age Structure

Populations: Age Structure

White Oak

Populations: Age Structure

Fremont Cottonwood

Age Structure: Large Cactus Finch

8

Population Age Structure: Survivorship (lx)

Population Age Structure: Reproduction

R0: Net Reproductive RateT: Generation Time

Population Age Structure: Growth Rates

= Geometric Rate of Increase r = Per Capita Rate of Increase

> 1 : Increasing< 1: Decreasing

Non-Overlapping Reproduction Continuous Reproduction

r > 0: Increasingr < 0: Decreasing

Patterns of Survivorships

Fig. 10-18 in Molles 2006

Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2006

Type I Survivorship Curve

12

9

10Fig. 10-16 in Molles 2006

Type II Survivorship Curve

Beeplant (Cleome)

11

Fig. 10-17 in Molles 2006

Type III Survivorship Curve

Collecting Data for Analyzing Age Structure: Cohort Life Table Analysis

Cohort: All individuals born at the same time

Cohort Lifetable: Monitor all individuals born in a given year until their death

Age (Years) Number of Survivors 0-1 1,000 1-2 800 2-3 640 3-4 500 4-5 380 5-6 152 6-7 60

Cohort: A group of individuals of the same age

Problems with Cohort Life Tables?

14

15

16

Adolph Murie

Collecting Data for Survivorship Curves II: Static Life Table Analysis

Static Life Table Collect age data on individuals at time of death

Fig. 10.14 in Molles 2006

Fig. 10-14 in Molles 2006

Survivorship Curve for Dall Sheep(Based on Static Life Table Analysis)

Assumption of Static Life Table Analysis:

Proportion of skulls in each age class

Proportion of individuals who diein each age class

=

Table 10.2 in Molles 2006(continued)

Combining Life Tables with Fecundity Schedules(Continuous Reproduction)

Useful Life Table Notation

mx: Number of individuals produced per individualduring time period x

x: Age in years

nx: Number of individuals surviving to beginning of x

lx: Proportion of original individuals surviving to beginning of x

dx: Number of individuals dead in a given time interval

Indices of Population Growth

Ro: Net Reproductive Rate(Animals: Total # females produced per female in one lifetime)(Ro < 1, population size is decreasing)(Ro = 1, population size is not changing)(Ro > 1, population size is increasing)

Ro = ∑ lxmx

T: Generation Time

(Mean age of a Female when Giving Birth)

Indices of Population Growth

T = ∑ x lx mx

__________

Ro

r: Per Capita Rate of Increase(= birth rate – death rate)

(If r < 0, population is decreasing)(If r = 0, population is not changing)(If r > 0, population is increasing)

Indices of Population Growth

r = ln Ro_______

T

Common Mud Turtle (K. subrubrum)

Table 10.2 in Molles 2006(continued)

r = ln Ro_______

T

1 http://www.desertusa.com/mag05/nov/images/no4creosote.jpg

2 http://www.swsbm.com/Maps/Larrea_tridentata.gif

3 http://www.sourcepointherbs.org/larrea.JPG

4 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/waxcamps/images/creosote-lg.jpg

5 http://www.mobot.org/jwcross/duckweed/graphics/frog_in_ duckweed.gif

6 http://canalphotos.org/8-28_canal_duckweed_2_PS_rz.jpg7 http://www.highmars.org/niac/images/dweed02.jpg

8 http://abell.as.arizona.edu/~hill/4x4/gila104.gif

9 http://www.science.smith.edu/stopoverbirds/birdpixs/images/ American%20Robin.jpg

10 http://sdakotabirds.com/species/photos/white_crowned_sparrow.jpg

11 http://www.boxerwood.com/PHOTO%20TOUR/images/ julyblooming/cleome.jpg

12 http://www.princewilliamsoundcruises.com/images/dall-sheep.jpg

13 http://www.ci.el-paso.tx.us/green_infrastructure/_images/image1b.jpg

14 http://www.texas-hunts.com/Armenian%20Red%20Sheep%201.JPG

15 http://www.bucktrack.com/Alaska_Brooks_Range_Traverse/Photos/ Dall_Sheep_Skull.jpg

16 http://www.atpm.com/10.11/ireland/images/glendalough-cemetary-420.jpg

17 http://www.igallopon.com/images/2006/54/t4.jpg

18 http://www.v-liz.com/galapagos/espanola/gardne~1/finch1.jpg

19 http://www.hiltonpond.org/images/TurtleMudAnterior01.jpg