3-2 Notes: Islam and Muhammad
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Transcript of 3-2 Notes: Islam and Muhammad
3-2 Notes: Islam and Muhammad
Muhammad• Muhammad was born in
Mecca into a powerful family in 570 ACE
• Orphaned as a child
• Raised by his grandfather and worked in the caravan trade
• At the age of 25, he married a wealthy businesswoman named Khadija and prospered as a merchant
Muhammad the Prophet• When he was 40 years, he
claimed a voice called out to him and told him, “You are the messenger of God”
• Muhammad believed the voice was that of the angel Gabriel
• He was instructed to and began preaching that there is only one god (Allah) and that other gods must be rejected
• People who believe in this are called “Muslims”
• Islam = “peace through submission to the will of God”
Muhammad Begins Preaching• Muhammad had little success at
first • Early Muslims were persecuted
by Meccans• 622 ACE - Muhammad fled 200
miles north with his supporters to Yathrib
• This migration is known as the Hijrah
• Muhammad’s followers renamed the city Medina, which means “city of the Prophet”
• Muhammad’s teachings won many converts in Medina
• His simple message to obey God’s will appealed to people - They respected Muhammad as a leader
Muhammad’s Leadership• Muhammad was a religious, political,
and military leader• Meccans and Muslims continued to
fight but after several battles the Muslims gained the upper hand
• 630 ACE - Muhammad and 10,000 Muslims returned to Mecca and forced a surrender of the city
• Muhammad forgave the Meccans and dedicated the Ka’aba to Allah, destroying the false idols
• He ruled Medina and united Muslims with other Arabs, including Christians and Jews
• Made alliance and peace treaties with other nomadic tribes, which helped Islam gain acceptance and spread
• 632 ACE - Most of Arabia unified; Muhammad dies of a fever
Islamic Beliefs, Practices, and Law: The Qur’an and the
Sunnah• Islam’s main teaching: There is only one god (Allah), who revealed himself through the Angel Gabriel to Muhammad
• Muhammad’s followers memorized and recited his teachings, which formed a book called the Qur’an
• Muslims believe that Muhammad’s goal was to also show how his teachings should be applied to everyday life
• The Sunnah, Muhammad’s words and deeds, are Islamic guides for proper living
• Legal thinkers later organized the Qur’an and the Sunnah into a system of law (Shari’a Law) used to decide inheritance and punish criminals
Muslim Daily Life• Muslims try to connect
their personal and religious lives
• 5 Pillars of Islam - Faith, Prayer (5 times a day, facing Mecca), Almsgiving, Fasting (during Ramadan), and Pilgrimage (to Mecca)
• 5 Pillars demonstrate obedience to God
• Muslims don’t eat pork or drink alcohol
• Friday afternoons are set aside for worship - People gather in mosques (all mosques face Mecca)
Connections to Judaism and Christianity: People of the
Book• Muslims trace their religion back to Abraham
• Jews, Christians, and Muslims all believe that he was a prophet of God
• Muslims believe that Allah is the same god worshipped by Jews and Christians too
• Muslims call Jews and Christians “people of the book” because their holy teachings and scriptures are similar to the Qur’an
• Muslims believe that the Qur’an is the final holy book containing God’s teachings and that Muhammad is the final prophet
• Followers of all three religions believe in a heaven, hell, and a judgment day
Religious Toleration• Muslim law requires that
Muslim leaders offer religious toleration to non-Muslims
• Non-Muslims must pay a special tax and have restricted rights
• Policy of toleration helped play an important role in the expansion of the Muslim Empire under Muhammad’s successors