2.Multisensor Based Tracking Zoological System

Proceedings of the National Conference on Mobile and Adhoc Networks, 29th

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October 2010

Dr. Mahalingam College of Engineering and Technology, Pollachi. 8

Multisensor Based Tracking Zoological System

K.Mathan kumar1, Nalina Rajendran2, Ranjani Rajagopal3 , Meena sree4 1 Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, e-mail: [email protected]

2 Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, e-mail: [email protected] 3 Hindustan University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, e-mail: [email protected]

4 St.Joseph college of Engineering, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: With the technology of sensors,

GPS and microcontroller, tracking of animals in forest area has been achieved to a great extent. Our existing systems just sense and provide the result to the base station and they do not inform the public in case of any danger. In my system it senses the parameters via sensors and collects the information from all sensor nodes and transmits to the base station. In case, if animals cross their forest zone and enter the public area it alarms and intimates to the public zone. In addition to this our proposed system has the tendency to convert the radiation emitted by the animal in to power, meant to recharge the sensors by using transducer. This results in energy efficiency and in prolonging life for battery used in the sensors. Keywords-GPS; humidity sensor; vibration sensor; wireless sensor network; wild life tracking. 1. Introduction Now a day protection of animals from human beings and human beings from animals is a great challenge in many of the forest areas. The technology of sensors, GPS and microcontroller, creates tracking of animals in forest areato a great extent. For wireless sensor network zigbee pro is used. 1.1. Existing system The existing system is done within a small zone. And they are using solar energy to prolong the life of battery. Recent searches have been done with tracking of animals by means of peer to peer communication. From the sensor nodes the information are gathered and transmitted to the base station. Recently searches and tracking has been made with the forest to avoid anti-theft with valuable things. Zigbee wireless sensor netwok is a standard protocol that creates the infrastructure required for sensor network applications. In this,Stack profile defines network service and control over the entire

network which is decided by the zigbee coordinator based on our application area. Mr.Fabio L. Zucatto and Mr.clecio ecio A. Biscassi proposed wireless sensor network for home control using zigbee. In their paper they said that depending on the topology adopted (star, mesh or tree),which also determines the transmission reach, the battery of adZigBee device may last for about 300 days, as for a Bluetoothdevice, the same battery operates for one week, at maximum. A ZigBee device is a physical object equipped with a radio. PHY, MAC and NWK (Network) layers are used to create and maintain the communication network interconnecting individual ZigBeedevices, the Application Support (APS) Sub-layer is used to communicate application layer information between devices. Mr.Sun Jinsheng, Mr.Wang Ning and MR.Liu Liping proposed using zigbee wireless network it is able to transfer water sludge interface data. He also proposed that ZigBee networks use three device types1. The network coordinator maintains overall network knowledge. It is the most sophisticated of the three types and requires the most memory and computing power.2. the full function device (FFD) supports all802.15.4 functions and features specified by the standard. It can function as a network coordinator.Additional memory and computing power make it ideal.3. The reduced function device (RFD) carries limited (as specified by the standard) functionality to lower cost and complexity. 1.2. Proposed system In the proposed system temperature sensor, humidity sensor and vibration sensor are used at each sensor nodes, ATMEL microcontroller senses the parameter and transmits to the base station. If any of the parameter exceeds the threshold level the controller will make the alarm to raise. Real time clock is used for synchronizing all the sensor nodes at certain interval to raise if the


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controller is in sleep mode. One more features going to adapt is, that the radiation emitted from the animal is converted in to power for recharging sensor batteries. This prolong the battery life of sensor. 2.1. Hardware description My hardware part includes the sensor unit and central control unit. Sensor unit senses the parameter and gives to the control unit. This analyse the parameter and produce the remedial measures. 2.1.1. AT89S52 The AT89S52 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of in-system programmable Flash memory. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the indus-try-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout.

Fig1.1 block diagram

The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory pro-grammer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with in-system programmable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S52 is a powerful microcontroller which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications. The

AT89S52 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of Flash, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, Watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89S52 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM con-tents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next interrupt or hardware reset. 2.1.2. LM35 2.1.2.1.Precision Centigrade Temperature Sensors The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in ° Kelvin, as the user is not required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to provide typical accuracies of ±1⁄4°C at room temperature and ±3⁄4°C over a full −55 to +150°C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer level. The LM35’s low output impedance,linear output, and precise inherent calibration make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply, it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1°C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over a −55° to +150°C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40° to +110°C range (−10°with improved accuracy). The LM35 series is available packaged in hermetic TO-46 transistor packages, while the LM35C, LM35CA, and LM35D are also available in the plastic TO-92 transistor package. The LM35D is also available in an 8-lead surface mount small outline package and a plastic TO-220 package. The LM35 can be applied easily in the same way as other integrated-


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circuit temperature sensors. It can be glued or cemented to a surface and its temperature will be within about 0.01°C of the surface temperature. This presumes that the ambient air temperature is almost the same as the surface temperature; if the air temperature were much higher or lower than the surface temperature, the actual temperature of the LM35 die would be at an intermediate temperature between the surface temperature and the air temperature. 2.1.3. SPI communication protocol It send and receive protocol. The bus master controls all communication.The master Determines when data is sent / received Provides the clock Provides the SS line (optional). This determines which slave is active. It Writes to the SDO line and reads the SDI line. 2.1.3.1. Timing The master controls the clock line and pulses it once for each bit that is sent. You can adjust the clock's phase and sign using CKP and CKE. Data is sent out on the SDO line most significant bit first. At the same time, data is read in on the SDI line, most significant bit first. After eight bits are sent (one byte), SSPIF is set, signifying that the SPI port is ready to be read to see what data the slave sent, and ready to send a new byte. 2.1.4. Humidity sensor –PHILIPS H1 It measures the electronic hygrometers for domestic use. This capacitive atmospheric humidity sensor consists of a non-conductive foil, which is covered on both sides with a layer of gold. The dielectric constant of the foil changes as a function of the relative humidity of the ambient atmosphere and,accordingly, the capacitance value of the sensor is a measure for relative humidity. 2.1.5. Zigbee wireless sensor network Zigbee is a set of protocols with the physical layer based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It operates in several frequencies including the 2.4 GHz band used by most Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices, it presents a comparable or slightly higher range (10-100 metres), a lower data rate (20-250 Kbps). The main advantages of ZigBee are lower power

consumption and network self reconfiguration. ZigBee devices are able to 'sleep' most of the time. The power consumption is reduced, making it possible to have devices that operate with a single battery for years [12]. The standard provides star or meshed networks. In the latter case, it allows the coverage area to be extended when new nodes are added. The protocol is designed for reducing the power consumption as nodes are witched on and off according to the possibility of being addressed or not. ZigBee is an emerging technology and it is not as mature as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. As ZigBee fulfils the requirements of low power and low cost, it is a promising technology for sensor networks. Zigbee wireless sensor networks works with home application like remote control, industrial automation in plant control etc. Here am going to do automation with forest control . ZigBee is more suited to communications where short amounts of data are sent only during specific periods of time. This was a drawback for their used in tightly coupled systems but they are a good solution for loosely coupled and normally coupled systems. 2.1.6. Accelerometer and passive infrared sensor Other types of sensors are also used such as accelerometer, passive infrared sensor which is used to predict the motion Pyroelectric devices, such as the PIR sensor, have elements made of a crystalline material that generates an electric charge when exposed to infrared radiation. The changes in the amount of infrared striking the element change the voltages generated, which are measured by an on-board amplifier. The device contains a special filter called a Fresnel lens, which focuses the infrared signals onto the element. As the ambient infrared signals change rapidly, the on-board amplifier trips the output to indicate motion. The PIR Passive Infra-Red) Sensor is a pyroelectric device that detects motion by measuring changes in the infrared (heat) levels emitted by surrounding objects. This motion can be detected by checking for a sudden change in the surrounding IR patterns. When motion is detected the PIR sensor outputs a high signal on its output pin. This logic signal can be read by a


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microcontroller or used to drive a transistor to switch a higher current load. 2.1.7. Warm up time The PIR Sensor requires a ‘warm-up’ time in order to function properly. This is due to the settling time involved in ‘learning’ its environment. This could be anywhere from 1-2 Minutes. After this warm up time, sensor will be ready to use. With the help of all these sensors, the signals are sensed and is processed by the microcontroller based upon the threshold value. If the sensed value is greater than the threshold alarm will be raised and in the particular zone where the dangers occur. 2.2. Software description In the software description, we are going to initialize the data and threshold value for each parameter. This threshold value is compared with the values from the sensor unit. If both the values are same no alarm is produced else it produces a alarm with respect to the field. In the control unit all the control for sensors are maintained through program. If any one fails it produces the alarm 2.3. Conclusion From the technology being used in our paper it is able to track the animal current

situation. Also we can avoid threatening of human beings by animals and vice versa.

Reference [1] ZigBee Wireless Network to Transfer

Water-Sludge interface Data’”- by 2Sun Jinsheng, 2Wang Ning and 2Liu Liping August 20 - 23, 2006,

[2] Weihai, Shandong, China Fabio L. Zucatto1,2, Clecio A. Biscassi2 Ferdinando Monsignore2, Francis Fidélix2, Samuel Coutinho2, and Mônica L. Rocha1-“ZigBee for Building Control Wireless Sensor Networks”-2007 IEEE conference.

[3] So-Hyeon Kim, Do-Hyeun Kim Rebecca N. Handcook and Dave L. Swain, “Animal Situation Tracking Service Using RFID, GPS, and Sensors”-2010 IEEE international conference.

[4] yihan Li and Shivendra S. Panwar, “A Wireless Biosensor Network Using Autonomously Controlled Animals”, IEEE Network, May/June 2006

[5] Vishwas Raj Jain, Ravi Bagree, Aman Kumar, Prabhat Ranjan-“wildCENSE: GPS based Animal Tracking System” 2008 IEEE conference.

2.Multisensor Based Tracking Zoological System

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