2MEST Blueprint
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Transcript of 2MEST Blueprint
GHANA’S BLUE PRINT FOR A SUSTAINABLE ENERGY FUTURE
By
HON. SHERRY AYITTEY,
MINISTER
FOR
ENVIRONMENT, SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
GHANA
Renewable Energy in Ghana: Prospects and Challengesgy p gRenewable energy resources include:•Solar Power‐ Photo‐Voltaic (PV) and Thermal( )•Bio Energy‐ Biomass and Biofuel•Wind Power•Hydro Power•Tidal Power and Wave Power•Geothermal Power•Fuel Cells•Hydrogen generation and storageRenewable energy is site specific and technology driven. Renewable energy that can be exploited in Ghana include: Hydro power (mini, micro) solar, biofuels, wind and energy derived from waste (agricultural and municipal)
Challenges to Future Energy Development WorldwideChallenges to Future Energy Development WorldwideFuture energy development faces great challenges due to•Increasing standards of living worldwideIncreasing standards of living worldwide•Demand for cleaner energy associated with less pollution•Depletion of fossil fuelDepletion of fossil fuelWithout energy, the infrastructure which forms the basis of development would collapse: agriculture, transportation, p p g , p ,information technology, communication and most of the basic needs of life depend on energy.
Ghana’s Energy ChallengesWith an expanding economy and growing population, Ghana faces major challenges in providing: the required amount of
ith li bilit d t i bilitenergy with reliability and sustainability
Ghana’s Energy Challenges
•Wood fuel consumption is expected to rise almost five times from 14 million t i 2000 t 66 illi t b 2020tones in 2000 to 66 million tones by 2020•Total petroleum demand is projected to grow from about 1.6 million tones in 2000 to 4.5 million by 2020• Electricity demand for the domestic market is projected to exceed 4,400 MW in 2020
Renewable Energy Resources in GhanaRenewable Energy Resources in GhanaWind EnergyThe availability depends on the geographical location ofThe availability depends on the geographical location of country relative to the equator: • Countries located further from the equator are knownCountries located further from the equator are known to have relatively high wind energy potential compared to countries closerto cou t es c ose•Another challenge is the storage of energy produced during blustery periodsg y p•Wind speeds below 5m/s are considered to be too low for commercial exploitationp•Along the cost of Ghana wind speeds of 3‐9 m/s have been recorded and could sustain economic exploitation pof wind energy
Renewable Energy Resources in GhanaGeothermal EnergyGeothermal EnergyGeothermal energy as in energy derived from heat in the earth crust has been harnessed for more than a century. Ghana has no known geothermal energy resourceSolar PowerThe sun is the most abundant source of energy in the universeThe sun is the most abundant source of energy in the universe which can be harnessed in the form of heat or light. The challenge associated with using solar energy especially for a developingassociated with using solar energy especially for a developing country like Ghana has been the initial cost of procuring the solar panels. BiofuelThis is fuel that is derived from biomass. Unlike petroleum, biofuelis a renewable resource Uncertainties in the price of fossil fuelis a renewable resource. Uncertainties in the price of fossil fuel and concern for the environment has precipitated the need for biofuel. Experiences from countries such as Brazil, Malaysia and biofuel. xperiences from countries such as ra il, Malaysia andGermany show show considerable potential for biofuels.
Renewable Energy Resources in Ghanal llFuel Cell
The technology involves the conversion of chemical hydrogen and oxygen into water and in the process generate electricity Thisoxygen into water and in the process generate electricity. This holds considerable potential for addressing the energy needs of the world in the future
Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energy in Ghanai i d blLimited Renewable Energy ResourcesRenewable energy sources in Ghana consisting of small and mini‐microhydro wind solar biomass and municipal solid waste wouldmicrohydro, wind, solar, biomass and municipal solid waste would only be able to supply between 380 and 500 MW delivering between 2,500 and 3,500 GWh competitively. p yThis will form about a tenth of the energy requirement of Ghana by 2020. More than 10% of renewable energy in the energy mix
ld i h f i i ifi lwould increase the cost of generation significantly
Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energy in Ghana (Continue)(Continue)
•The potential of generating grid electricity from Solar PV is limited by capital rather than resource.•Wind may have the largest capacity for development among the
ti d h th t ti l f t ib ti i ifi tl t idoptions and has the potential of contributing significantly to grid power by about 200‐300 MW producing 600 GWh
Cost per Kilowatt HourOne of the critical challenges to the adoption of renewable energy sources is the cost per unit to consumers compared with energy from other sources (fossil fuels).Th t f id t d l kWh i US$0 30•The cost of grid connected solar energy per kWh is over US$0.30 compared to US$ 0.04/kWh•The cost of a solar panel facility in Ghana is about US$ 7000/kWThe cost of a solar panel facility in Ghana is about US$ 7000/kW compared to US$500‐1000 for a gas fired thermal power plant
Challenges to the Development of Renewable EnergyChallenges to the Development of Renewable Energy
Investment RiskThe volatility in the pricing of oil and gas on the international market increases the risk of investment in renewable energy f iliti A d i h d b i d th i ffacilities. A drop in hydrocarbon prices erodes enthusiasm for investment in renewable energy sector
Competing TechnologiesThere is intense competition to achieve hegemony within the sub sectors of the renewable energy market. In biofuels, lobbyists for a corn‐based solution vie with those championing cellulose, ethanol, bi di l Withi th l k t t ti lbiodiesel. Within the solar market, concentrating solar power systems compete with the much more popular photovoltaic systemssystems
Challenges to the Development of Renewable EnergyChallenges to the Development of Renewable Energy (Continue)Not In My Backyard Syndromey y yRenewable energy although provide less pollution compared to energy from fossil fuel, there have been significant backlash from
i i di h i f f ili i dcommunities regarding the constructing of facilities to produce renewable energy. Intermittent Nature of Renewable Energy and Storage DifficultiesIntermittent Nature of Renewable Energy and Storage DifficultiesMany renewable energy sources are often dismissed because they can not be stored and also because they are intermittent. Constraints to Biofuel DevelopmentThe development of an alternative to existing fuel requires policy di i d idirectives and strategies.The main constraints are: Feedstock availability, local processing capacity technology development relating to end use consumercapacity, technology development relating to end use, consumer acceptance of new fuel and cost competitiveness
Challenges to the Development of Renewable Energy (Continue)Feedstock for Biofuel ProductionDiff t f d t k d f bi f l d ti i diff tDifferent feedstock are used for biofuel production in different countries. The general trend is that countries choose feedstock plants which are already being produced on large scales locally andplants which are already being produced on large scales locally and which have other commercial value other than the production of fuel. In Ghana, Palm oil, Jatropha curcus and Sugar cane offer significant advantages for biofuel production.
Cost Competitiveness of BiofuelThe biofuel market worldwide is not well developed and biofuelsThe biofuel market worldwide is not well developed and biofuelsare not competitive even with crude oil at US$73.00 per barrel. The global market for biofuel is politically driven and relies on tax rebates.
Conclusion
Renewable Energy can be harnessed to support and supplement ti l l H i ifi t t t h lconventional energy supply. However, significant cost, technology
and attitudinal barriers need to be surmounted before any meaningful penetration could be achieved.meaningful penetration could be achieved.
THANK YOU
.
Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology (MEST)
MEST
MandateThe Ministry of Environment, Science and Technology is mandated by government to
t ti l i i d l t l f th t t tt i iddlsupport national socio‐economic development goals for the country to attain middle‐income status through the promotion of science, technology and innovation, human settlement planning and management as well as sustainable management of the environment at all levels of society and in all sectors of theenvironment at all levels of society and in all sectors of the economy.
Institutions
C il f Ghana AtomicTown and CountryEnvironmental
Protection Agency (EPA)
Council for Scientific and Industrial
Research (CSIR)
Ghana Atomic Energy
Commission (GAEC)
Town and Country Planning
Department (TCPD) Research (CSIR) (GAEC)(TCPD)