2D Image based made to 2D Image based made to measure system for online measure system for online

apparel storesapparel stores

Supervised by : Dr.Ravindra S. GoonetillekeSupervised by : Dr.Ravindra S. Goonetilleke

Presented by : Channa P. Witana Presented by : Channa P. Witana

Preliminary Study,Preliminary Study,Final Year Project 2003 : Customized E-Commerce for Shirt Final Year Project 2003 : Customized E-Commerce for Shirt MakingMakingHung Chi Yuen, Kwok Yin Hang & Wong Chi LeungHung Chi Yuen, Kwok Yin Hang & Wong Chi Leung

Outline• Introduction• Methodology

– Participants– Anthropometric dimensions– Manual Measurements– 2D Image based measurements

• Results• Discussion• Conclusion• Acknowledgement• Q & A

Introduction

Introduction• “In United States, Online apparel sales

exceeded $ 1 billion in 1999 and are expected to skyrocket to over $22 billion by 2004 ”

(Forrester Research, 1999)

• Number of apparel sold over the Internet is less than 1% of all apparel sold in the US

(Beck, 2000)

• Significantly lower demand than the other online consumer goods (e.g. books & music)

(Beck 2000)

Why Didn’t they buy Apparel Online?• A study by E-BuyersGuide.comE-BuyersGuide.com (Jan 2000)

– Approximately, 1000 consumers were surveyed.

Unsure of accurate sizing 27.95%Returning item could be a problem 18.17%Unsure of quality 13.92%Delivery costs 13.71%Price 8.61%Credit Card security 6.48%Unsure of items exact color 5.84%Unable to access right information 3.29%Difficult site navigation 2.55%Other 10.20%

28 %28 %

Sleeve is too short Incorrect shoulder position

Collar is too tight

Sizing Standards & fitting problems

• Fitting problems

Adopted from,www. suityourself.com (2003)

Made-to-Measure (MTM)• Garments tailor-made to fit a specific customer’s body

shape and preferences.(Kartsounis, Magnenat-Thalmann &

Rodian, 2001)

MTM systems for Online apparel stores

• Customer’s body dimensions– Access to the essential dimensions

(send by the customer / measured by the online shop keeper)– Accuracy of the dimensions

• Customer’s preferences– Type of fit– Dress designs– Color– other

Online customer’s measurementsCurrent methods• Provide necessary instructions to the customer for taking their

body measurements and upload the measurements

• Provide a range of body dimensions and shapes to build an online virtual model of the customer

Our approach A 2D image based anthropometric measurement

system offers an alternative to traditional 3D clothing sizing (Meunier and Yin, 2000)

• Similar concept can be used to measure online customers.

Objective

• Design a simple, convenient and economical measurement system that will facilitate MTM for online apparel retailing and its performance evaluation.

Methodology

Participants

• Twenty (20) Hong Kong Chinese males

(Staff & students at

HKUST)

• Age range – 20 to 38 years (mean = 24 years)

• Height range – 161 to 180 cm

• Weight range – 46 to 86 kg

Anthropometric dimensionsBack viewFront view

(Meunier and Yin, 2000) and Clothing Industry Training Authority, Hong Kong

Manual measurements• Used conventional cloth tape measure with 1 mm

precision.

• Sound measuring strategy– Constant pulling force on the measuring tape– Constant exerted force on the body while measuring– Correct landmarks

more details

2D Image based measurements• Image analysis process

Circumference Measurements

Linear Measurements

Extract 2 Dimensional measurements

Extract 2 Dimensional measurements

Convert to 3 Dimensional

measurements Data Output StoragePi

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Refe

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tFront View

Side View

Back View

Results

Results (1)

• Manual and 2D Image based measurement comparison results (cm) N = 20

Results (2)

• Mean Error and Standard Deviation for all subjects

• Error = 2D Image based measurement – Manual measurement

Mean

Std. dev

ANOVA for each Dimension (1)

ANOVA for each Dimension (2)

P < 0.05

P < 0.05

Discussion

Discussion (1)

• According to the statistical analysis, two methods (Manual and 2D image based) have no significant difference for measurements, except Waist to Hip Length (WH) and Chest Girth (CG).

• WH measurement variation – visibility of the landmarks

• CG measurement variation – Continuous changes of body shape around the chest during inhaling and exhaling.

Hip point is not visible Hip point is visible

Discussion (2)

• Circumferential measurements considered as an Ellipse or a combination of an Ellipse and a rectangle. – These shapes may not be suitable for all the populations– Further investigations to verify external validity

• Accuracy of the measuring system depends on the landmark location and the reference object.

Landmarks – Wear thin long sleeve t-shirt with horizontal and vertical stripes at known uniform distance

Reference object – Customer’s printouts may not be in 1:1 scale.( not exactly 15 cm x 15 cm square)

– Customer can send measured value of the printed reference object.

Discussion (3)

• The concept of this 2D image based system is somewhat similar to the methodology proposed by Meunier et al, 2000.

• Customer can capture their pictures at a convenient place (at home etc.) with their own equipments (cameras, printers etc.)

• The proposed system could be cheaper, accurate and convenient compared to the existing methods for online MTM apparels .

Conclusion

Conclusion• Proposed 2D image based system can provide anthropometric

measurements that are similar to the manual tape measurements.

• Further investigation may required to increase the accuracy on WH and CG measurements and to verify the external validity of the findings.

• The impact is expected to be quite significant for the online apparel industry due to the simplicity and the productivity of the approach proposed by this study.

Acknowledgement• Special thanks to :

Hung Chi YuenHung Chi YuenKwok Yin Hang Kwok Yin Hang Wong Chi LeungWong Chi Leung

Thank You !Thank You !

Details on Body measurements 

     Neck front to waist 前腰長     Back length 後腰長

Armhole depth 袖圈深度 Cross shoulder over neck 肩濶

CITA, HK (2002)

Picture Scaling• Reference object

• Convert the picture in to Actual scale

15 cm

15 c

m

15 cm Actual Value of the dimensionLength of the square in the photo Length of the dimension in the photo

Circumference Measurements• Neck Circumference (HK Chinese)

– Cross sectional shape of the neck fitted to an Ellipse.

– Values of Major & Minor axes from front & side views

Front Front ViewView

Side Side ViewView

Major

Minor

Circumference Measurements• Chest Girth (HK Chinese)

– Cross sectional shape of the ChestBack Side

Front Side

Chest thickness

Chest Width

Linear Measurements• Arm Length (HK Chinese)

Making the Model (www.myvirtualmodel.com,2003)

Virtual try on (www.myvirtualmodel.com,2003)

Paired T-Test• Manual & 2D Image based measuring methods

Dimensions T – Value P – Value

NW 0.59 0.563

BL 0.34 0.737

AH 0.23 0.820

CS 0.38 0.711

AL 0.22 0.831

WH 5.50 0.000*

CG 2.26 0.036*

NC -1.96 0.065

WC -1.46 0.161

PC 0.87 0.395

Interface