2D Frame Optimizer

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Manual

Steel frame design


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All information in this document is subject to modification without prior notice. No part or this manualmay be reproduced, stored in a database or retrieval system or published, in any form or in any way,electronically, mechanically, by print, photo print, microfilm or any other means without prior writtenpermission from the publisher. Scia is not responsible for any direct or indirect damage because ofimperfections in the documentation and/or the software. Copyright 2012 Scia Group nv. All rights reserved.


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Table of contents

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Table of Contents

Getting s tarted ......................................................................................................................................... 4Starting a project ............................................................................................................................... 4

Starting the program ...................................................................................................................... 4Starting a new project .................................................................................................................... 4Structure definition ................................................................................................................................. 7

Cross-sections, lists and matrices defini tion ................................................................................ 7Cross-sections ............................................................................................................................... 7Cross-section lists .......................................................................................................................... 9Section Matrix .............................................................................................................................. 11

Geometry .......................................................................................................................................... 13Structure input .............................................................................................................................. 13Structure modification .................................................................................................................. 15Supports ....................................................................................................................................... 18

Check Structure data ...................................................................................................................... 20Loads and combinations ...................................................................................................................... 21

Load Cases and Load Groups ....................................................................................................... 21Self weight .................................................................................................................................... 22Dead load ..................................................................................................................................... 23Live load ....................................................................................................................................... 23

Load .................................................................................................................................................. 24Switching between load cases ..................................................................................................... 24Dead load ..................................................................................................................................... 24Live load ....................................................................................................................................... 25Wind ............................................................................................................................................. 26

Combinations .................................................................................................................................. 29

Classes ............................................................................................................................................. 31Steel ........................................................................................................................................................ 33

LTB restrains ................................................................................................................................... 33Autodesigns ........................................................................................................................................... 35

Frame CSS height design ............................................................................................................... 35Frame web design ........................................................................................................................... 39Frame flange design ....................................................................................................................... 42Frame top flange thickness design ............................................................................................... 45Frame bottom flange thickness design ........................................................................................ 48Frame deflection design ................................................................................................................. 51Frame-autodesign manager ........................................................................................................... 55

Optimization ........................................................................................................................................... 57Check of designed structure ................................................................................................................ 59

Calcuation ........................................................................................................................................ 59Steel checks ..................................................................................................................................... 60Displacements of nodes ................................................................................................................. 62


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Now, the Project datadialogue is opened. Here, you can enter general data about the project.

1. In the Datagroup, enter your preferred data. These data can be mentioned on the output, e.g. inthe document and on the drawings.

2. Select Frame XYZin the Structurefield.

3. Choose the Project level: Advancedand Model: One.

4. Click on the rectangular button below National Codeto choose the default code for the

project. This code will determine the available materials, combination rules and code checks. Forthe project of this Tutorial, choose EC-EN.

5. Select a National annex. For this example choose Czech CSN EN NA .

6. In the Materialgroup, select Steel.Below the item Steel, a new item Materialwill appear - choose S355from the menu.


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Getting started

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On the Functionalitytab choose the options Climatic loads.

On the Loadtab set the value of check boxes Wind Load and Snow Loadto the optionAccording tocode.

If you complete settings, confirm your choice by click on the button [OK].

Note

On the Basic datatab, you can set a project level. If you choose default, the program will onlyshow the most frequently used basic functions. If you choose advanced, all basic functions willbe shown.

On the Functionalitytab, you choose the options you need. The non-selected functionalities willbe filtered from the menus, thus simplifying the program.


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Structure definition

If you start a new project, the geometry of the structure must be entered.

Cross-sections, lists and matrices definition

Cross-sections

1. Click on the Cross-Sections icon in the toolbar.The Cross-Sections manager is opened. If no profiles have been entered in the project,New cross-section window will be automatically opened.

2. Click Sheet weldedin the groupAvailable groups .

3. In theAvailable items of th is group, choose Iwn profile from the list.


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4. Set the name to CL1.

5. Confirm by clicking [OK].

6. Add in the same way cross-sections RL1, RL2, RL3, CR1, RR1, RR2and RR3.

7. Click [Close] to close the New cross section dialogue.

8. Click [Close] to close the Cross-Sections managerand to return to the project.

Note

It is necessary to define a unique CSS for each member else frame autodesign will not workcorrectly.


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Cross-section li sts

1. To define CSS lists, use the option Main w indowLibrariesStructure, AnalysisCross-section list

2. Type of cross -section li stdialog appears.

3. Use option Dimension list.

4. Dimensionsdialog appears.

5. Define values 100,125,150,175,200,225,250,300

6. Confirm your input with [OK].

7. A new list LIST1 appears.

8. Change the name of the list to fw .

9. Click or to create a next list


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10. Repeat points 3-8 to define lists:ft (6,8,10,12,16,18,20,24,28,32,36)wd (250,300,350,400,450,500,600,700,800,900,1000,1100,1200,1300,1400,1500)wt (5,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20)

11. Click [Close]to close the List of available cross-sections dialogue.


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Section Matrix

1. To define section matrix, use the option Main w indowLibrariesStructure, AnalysisSection matrix

2. Section matrix dialog appears.

3. Select list fw in Bcombobox.

4. Select list ft in Tcombobox.

5. Matrix from defined list appears.


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6. Unselect some options according to following drawing


8. Change the name of the matrix to FM.

9. Click [Close] to close the Section matrix dialogue.


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Geometry

Structure input

1. Double-click on Structurein the Main window .

2. To enter a new frame, use the optionAdvanced Input and Catalogue Blocksin the Structuremenu. The Catalogue blockmanageris opened.

3. In theAvailable Groupschoose a Frame 2D

4. In theAvailable items of th is groupchoose the first option (frame).


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Structure modification

System line alignment

1. Select all members

2. Set Member system-line atto topin Propertywindow.

3. Finish selection with key.

LCS Rotation

1. Select right column

2. Set value of LCS rotation to 180 [deg] in Property window.

3. Finish selection with key.

4. Switch on Show/hide surfacesbutton.

5. Switch on Render geometrybutton.

6. Check generated structure

Rafters split ting

1. To split rafter beam into more parts use an option Break in defined pointsfrom Modify tabin theMain menu.


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2. Select both rafter beams and finish selection with key.

3. Click on the button. The Cursor snap setting manager is opened.

4. Activate option Points on line-curveand set its value to 3.


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Supports

The geometry input can be completed with supports definition.

1. To enter supports, use the option Main windowStructureModel dataSupportin node

2. Define all support translations Rigidand rotations Free.


4. Select both column bases and press to finish the selection.


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Check Structure data

After input of the geometry, the input can be checked for errors by means of the option CheckStructure data. With this tool, the geometry is checked for duplicate nodes, zero bars, duplicate bars,etc.

1. Double-click on the Check Structure dataoption in the service Structureor click on the iconin the toolbar. The Structure data checkwindow appears, list the different available checks.

2. Click [Check]to perform the checks.The Data Check Reportwindow appears, indicating that no problems were found.

3. Close the check by clicking [OK].


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Loads and combinations

Load Cases and Load Groups

In this project, six load cases are entered:

LC1 Self weight; action type Permanent; load group LG1; load type Self weight; direction Z

LC2 Dead load; action type Permanent; load group LG1; load type Standard

LC3 Live Load ; action type Variable; load group LG2; load type Static; specification Standard;

duration Short; Master load case None

WND-L - Wind f rom left; action type Variable; load group Wind; load type Static; specification

Standard; duration Short; Master load case None

WND-L - Wind f rom left; action type Variable; load group Wind; load type Static; specification

Standard; duration Short; Master load case None

SN - Snow loads; action type Variable; load group Snow; load type Static; specification Standard;

duration Short; Master load case None


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Self weight

1. Double-click on the Load Cases in the service Load cases, Combinationsin the Main w indow.

2. By default, the load case LC1is created. This load is a permanent load of the Self weightloadtype. The self weight of the structure is automatically calculated by means of this type. You candescribe the content of this load case. For this project, enter the description Self weight .


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Dead load

1. Click or to create next load case (LC2). Enter the description Dead load .

Live load

1. Click or to create next load case (LC3). Enter the description Live load .

2. As this is a variable load, change the Action type to Variable. The Load Group LG2 is automaticallycreated.

3. Confirm your input by click on the button [Close].


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Load

After input of the Load cases, go to the service Loadfrom Main w indow.

Switching between load cases

You can switch between load cases with the mouse pointer in the list box.

Dead load

1. According to the previous paragraph select the load case LC2 Dead load.

2. Click Line force - on beam in the Load Menu. The following dialog appears.

3. Set the Valueto -3,0 kN/m and System toGCS


5. Select all rafter beams to enter defined load

6. Press to finish the input.

7. Press once more to finish the selection.


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Live load

1. Select the load case LC3 Live load.

2. Click Line force - on beam in the Load Menu. The following dialog appears.

3. Set the Valueto -5,0 kN/m and System toGCS


5. Select all rafter beams to enter defined load




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Wind

1. Set workplane as XZ by an option Main menuToolsUCSXZ workplane

2. Click Wind & Snow generator in the Load Menu.

3. Following dialogue appears.

4. Confirm default settings with [OK].


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5. Left wind load generator manager appears.

6. Accept default settings and press [Next].

7. Left wind load generator manager appears.

8. Accept default settings and press [Next].


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9. Snow load generator manager appears.

10. Accept default settings and press [OK].

11. New loadcasesWND-L-Wind f rom leftWND-L-Wind f rom leftSN-Snow loadsare generated


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Combinations

After input of the load cases, the latter can be grouped in combinations. In this project, two linearcombinations are created, one for the Ultimate Limit State and one for the Ultimate Serviceability State.

1. Double-click on below in the Main w indow.

2. Since no combination has been entered yet, the window to create a new combination willautomatically appear.

3. Change the type of the combination EN-ULS (STR/GEO) Set B. With this combination type, SciaEngineer will automatically generate combinations in accordance with the composition rules of theEurocode.

4. By means of the button [Add all], all load cases can be added to the combination.

5. Confirm your input with [OK].The Combination Manageris opened.

6. Click or to create a second combination.


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7. Change the Typeof the combination to EC - SLS char.


9. Click [Close] to close the Combination manager.


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Classes

1. Double-click on Result classesbelow Loade cases, Combinationsin the Main w indow.

2. Select class All SLS and click .


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Steel

LTB restrains

1. Double-click on the service Steelin the Main window.

2. Double-click on the LTB Restraints in the service Steel

3. LTB restraints dialog appears

4. Set the value of Repeat (n)to 3.

5. Active Regularlycheck box.


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7. Select all members to enter LTB restraints.




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Autodesigns

Frame CSS height design

1. To define Frame CSS height design, use the option Main w indowCalculation, meshAutodesign

2. Overall Autodesign dialog appears.

3. Click[Add item] button.


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4. Autodesign list appears.

5. Select item Frame-CSS height design and click [OK].

6. Default autodesign settings appears.

7. Select option *Combinationsin the combo-box Type of loads.


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15. Members B1, B2, B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 are added.

16. Click [Close]to close the Overall Autodesign dialogue.


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8. Select item 1.Web autodesignfrom the Itemslist.

9. Parameters appears.

10. Select CSS list wt in the combo box Dimension lis t.

11. Select CSS CL1in the combo box Optimized CSS.

12. Set value of Min slendernessto 50.


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13. Set value of Max slendernessto 125.


15. Click on a new item Web autodesign in the item list.

16. Repeat steps 6-13 to define web autodesigns for cross-sections RL1, RL2, RL3, CR1, RR1, RR2and RR3.



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Frame flange design

1. Click or to create a new autodesign.




5. Select item Frame-flange autodesignand click [OK].


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8. Select item 1. Flange optimizationfrom the Itemslist.

9. Parameters appear.

10. Select CSS matrix FMin the combo box Flange section matrix.


12. Set value of Min slendernessto 5.


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13. Set value of Max slendernessto 15.






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Frame top flange thickness design





5. Select item Frame-flange thickness autodesignand click [OK].


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8. Select item 1. Frame flange thickness autodesign from the Itemslist.



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Frame bottom flange thickness design





5. Select item Frame-flange thickness autodesignand click [OK].


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8. Select item 1. Frame flange thickness autodesign from the Itemslist.



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10. Select CSS list ft in the combo box Dimension lis t.


12. Select option Inner flangefrom the Flange to optimizecombo box.






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Frame deflection design

1. Switch on labels of nodes by click on icon and using of option Nodes labelsfrom groupLabels.

2. Nodes labels appear.





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7. Select item Frame-deflection autodesignand click [OK].


9. Select option *Classin the combo-box Type of loads.

10. Select classAl l SLSin the combo-box Class.

11. Select item 1. Hall deflection autodesignfrom the Itemslist.

Note

It is necessary to use a class as a type of load else the frame-deflection autodesign will not workcorrectly.


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13. Click Add members by layer button .

14. Double click on Layer1.


16. Click Select nodes button.

17. A new dialogue appears


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18. Select node N2(left eave node) from the first list and set valuesHorizontal deflection = 60mmDeflection up = 1000mm (criterion will not be used)Deflection down = 1000mm (criterion will not be used)

19. Select node N6(right eave node) from the last list and set valuesHorizontal deflection = 60mmDeflection up = 1000mm (criterion will not be used)Deflection down = 1000mm (criterion will not be used)

20. Select node N5 (top node) from the last list and set valuesHorizontal deflection = 1000mm (criterion will not be used)Deflection up = 150mmDeflection down = 150mm

21. Confirm your input with [OK].The Dialogue is closed.



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Frame-autodesign manager





5. Select item Frame- autodesign managerand click [OK].


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8. Select item 1.Frame-autodesign managerfrom the Itemslist.

9. Parameters appears.

10. Click Add members by layer button .

11. Double click on Layer1.




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Optimization

1. To start frame optimization process use the option Main w indowCalculation, meshAutodesign


3. Select autodesignO7(Frame-autodesign manager and click[Edit] button.


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4. Autodesign dialogue appears

5. Click [Calculation].

6. Structure is calculated.

7. Click [Autdesign] .

8. Autodesign preview appears

9. Close autodesign preview window

10. Click [Close]to close Autodesign dialogue.

11. Click [Close]to close Overall Autodesign dialogue.


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Check of designed structure

Calcuation

1. Double-click on the Calculation in the service Calculation, meshin the Main w indow.

2. FE analysis dialogue appears

3. Click on [OK].

4. Analysis report appears.

5. Click [OK]to close.


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Steel checks

1. Double-click on the Steel service in the Main w indow.

2. Click on Checkfrom the subgroup ULS Checksof the group Beamsin the Steelservice.


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Displacements of nodes

1. Double-click on the Results service in the Main window.

2. Click on Displacement of nodes

3. Select eave nodes and top node.


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4. Define following settings in the Propertieswindow.

Selection = CurrentType of loads = ClassClass = All ULS

5. Click Refreshin the Propertieswindow.

6. Check displayed displacements of nodes.

2D Frame Optimizer

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