29 Civil Rights QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE VISUAL...
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Transcript of 29 Civil Rights QUIT CHAPTER OBJECTIVE INTERACT WITH HISTORY INTERACT WITH HISTORY TIME LINE VISUAL...
29 Civil Rights
QUIT
CHAPTER OBJECTIVECHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORYINTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINETIME LINE
VISUAL SUMMARYVISUAL SUMMARY
SECTION Taking on Segregation1
SECTION The Triumphs of a Crusade2
SECTION Challenges and Changes in the Movement3
MAP
GRAPH
29 Civil Rights
HOME
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
To understand the African-American struggle for civil rights during the 1950s and 1960s
29W I T H H I S T O R Y
I N T E R A C T
What rights are worth fighting for? Examine the Issues
The year is 1960, and segregation divides the nation’s people. African Americans are denied access to jobs and housing and are refused service at restaurants and stores. But the voices of the oppressed rise up in the churches and in the streets, demanding civil rights for all Americans.
• What are the risks of demanding rights?
• Are all Americans entitled to the same civil rights?
HOME
• Why might some people fight against equal rights?
Civil Rights
29
The United States The World
1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision orders the desegregation of public schools.
1957 School desegregation crisis occurs in Little Rock, Arkansas.
1957 African nation of Ghana wins independence.
1960 John F. Kennedy is elected president.
TIME LINE
HOME
1959 Fidel Castro assumes power in Cuba.
continued . . .
1955 Montgomery bus boycott begins.
1956 Dwight D. Eisenhower is reelected. 1956 Suez Canal crisis occurs in Egypt.
1963 Lyndon B. Johnson becomes president upon John F. Kennedy’s assassination.
1962 South African civil rights leader Nelson Mandela is imprisoned.
Civil Rights
29
The United States The World
1969 U.S. astronauts walk on the moon.
TIME LINE
HOME
1970 President Nasser of Egypt dies.
1966 Cultural Revolution begins in China.
1964 Lyndon B. Johnson is elected president. Congress passes the Civil Rights Act.
1967 Race riots occur in major U.S. cities.
1968 Richard M. Nixon is elected president. Martin Luther King, Jr., is assassinated.
1968 Tet offensive begins in Vietnam.
Civil Rights
1Taking on Segregation
African Americans use strong organization and nonviolent tactics to confront the South’s policies of segregation and racial inequality.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOME
1Taking on Segregation
OVERVIEW
Activism and a series of Supreme Court decisions advanced equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s.
Landmark Supreme Court decisions beginning in 1954 have guaranteed civil rights for Americans today.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
HOME
• Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
• Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
• Rosa Parks
• sit-in
• Thurgood Marshall
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
1Taking on Segregation
Morgan v. Virginia
Sweatt v. Painter
Brown v. Board of Education
NAACP
SCLC
SNCC
CORE
1. Give examples of tactics, organizations, leaders, and Supreme Court decisions of the civil rights movement up to 1960.
continued . . .
Tactic
s
Leader
sChallenging Segregation
Organ
izatio
ns
HOME
ASSESSMENT
Suprem
e
Court Dec
isio
ns
nonviolent resistance
legal action
Thurgood Marshall
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Ella Baker
Jo Ann Gibson Robinson
1Taking on Segregation
2. Do you think the nonviolence used by civil rights activists was a good tactic? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Nonviolent protests, such as the Montgomery bus boycott and sit-ins, alerted people to the problem of racism while capturing their sympathy; television coverage depicted the extent of the problem.
• the Montgomery bus boycott
• television coverage of events
• sit-ins
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
1Taking on Segregation
3. How did the tactics of the student protesters from SNCC differ from those of the boycotters in Montgomery?
ANSWERANSWER
The students confronted businesses that had segregationist policies instead of boycotting them.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
continued . . .
1Taking on Segregation
4. After the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling, what do you think was the most significant event of the civil rights movement prior to 1960? Why? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES:
• the crisis at Little Rock, because it forced the government to act
• the Montgomery bus boycott, which brought Martin Luther King, Jr., into a leadership role
• the role of civil rights leaders
• the results of confrontations and boycotts
• the role of grassroots organizations
HOME
ASSESSMENT
End of Section 1
2The Triumphs of a Crusade
Civil rights activists break down numerous racial barriers through continued social protest and prompting of landmark legislation.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
HOMEMAP
2The Triumphs of a Crusade
HOME
OVERVIEW
Civil rights activists break down numerous racial barriers through continued social protest and prompting of landmark legislation.
Activism pushed the federal government to end segregation and ensure voting rights for African Americans.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
• Freedom Summer
• Fannie Lou Hamer
• Voting Rights Act of 1965
• Civil Rights Act of 1964
• freedom riders
• James Meredith
MAP
2The Triumphs of a Crusade
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List the steps that African Americans took to desegregate buses and schools from 1962 to 1965.
continued . . .1962 A federal court case allows James Meredith to enroll in the
University of Mississippi.
Voting Rights Act passed.
Johnson signs Civil Rights Act.
• Protests, boycotts, and media coverage force Birmingham to end segregation.
• Kennedy orders troops to desegregate the University of Alabama.• March on Washington takes place.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
1963
1964
1965
MAP
2The Triumphs of a Crusade
2. What assumptions and beliefs do you think guided the fierce opposition to the civil rights movement in the South? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Many white Southerners considered blacks to be members of an inferior race—an attitude that dated back to the use of enslaved Africans. Southerners feared a backlash if African Americans gained equal rights. Some, like Governor Barnett, viewed the battle for segregation as a war. Police and others often acted accordingly, with violence.
• the social and political structure of the South
• Mississippi governor Ross Barnett’s comment during his radio address
HOME
ASSESSMENT
• the actions of police and some white Southerners
continued . . .
MAP
2The Triumphs of a Crusade
3. Just after the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was passed, white Alabama governor George Wallace said,
“ It is ironical that this event occurs as we approach the celebration of Independence Day. On that day we won our freedom. On this day we have largely lost it.”
What do you think Wallace meant by his statement?
ANSWERANSWER
Wallace apparently felt that the gaining of equal rights by African Americans would diminish the freedom of Southerners to do as they pleased and to maintain the kind of society and political structure to which Southerners were accustomed.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
End of Section 2
MAP
3Challenges and Changes in the Movement
The civil rights movement turns north, new leaders emerge, and the movement becomes more militant, thus leaving behind a mixed legacy.
OVERVIEWOVERVIEW ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
KEY IDEA
GRAPH HOME
3HOME
TERMS & NAMESTERMS & NAMES
• de facto segregation
• de jure segregation
• Nation of Islam
• affirmative action
• Civil Rights Act of 1968
• Kerner Commission
• Stokely Carmichael
• Black Power
• Malcolm X
• Black Panthers
ASSESSMENTASSESSMENT
OVERVIEW
Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism created a violent period in the fight for civil rights.
From the fight for equality came a resurgence of racial pride for African Americans, a legacy that influences today’s generations.
MAIN IDEAMAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOWWHY IT MATTERS NOW
Challenges and Changes in the Movement
GRAPH
3Challenges and Changes in the Movement
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List five key events of the civil rights movement.
continued . . .
Malcolm X assassinated
HOME
ASSESSMENT
Harlem riots
Black Panthers founded
Feb. 1965
July 1964
Oct. 1966
Watts riots in Los Angeles
Aug. 1965Martin Luther
King, Jr., assassinated
April 1968
GRAPH
3
2. What factors contributed to the outbreak of violence in the fight for civil rights? Think About:
ANSWERANSWER
Malcolm X, Black Panthers, and others’ philosophy of violent protests; African Americans’ reaction to the assassination of civil rights leaders; backlash against white racist acts; poor living and working conditions, especially in urban areas; difficulty in eradicating de facto segregation in the North
• different leaders’ approach to civil rights issues
HOME
ASSESSMENT
• living conditions in urban areas• de facto and de jure segregation
Challenges and Changes in the Movement
continued . . .
GRAPH
3
3. Compare and contrast the civil rights strategies of Malcolm X and Martin Luther King, Jr. Whose strategies do you think were more effective?
ANSWERANSWER
Both wanted civil rights and greater opportunities. King preached racial equality. Malcolm X preached black separatism and armed self-defense.
Effectiveness: King, because his demonstrations caused civil rights legislation to be passed; Malcolm X, because he urged African Americans to fight back.
HOME
ASSESSMENT
Challenges and Changes in the Movement
End of Section 3
GRAPH