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УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ

Кафедра «Лингвистика»

Е.Ю .Семененко

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ПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ (МИИТ)Кафедра «Лингвистика»

Е.Ю . Семененко

РАЗГОВОРНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ

Рекомендовано редакционно-издательским советом университета в качестве практикума по дисциплине

«Практический курс английского языка» для специальности «Перевод и переводоведение»

Москва - 2008

УДК 42сзо

Семененко Е.Ю. РАЗГОВОРНЫЙ АНГЛИЙСКИЙ. Практикум по лексике для студентов первого курса специальности «Перевод и переводоведение». - М.: МИИТ, 2008.-27 с.

Практикум включает в себя тексты для дополнительного чтения по темам, рассматриваемым на предмете «Практический курс английского языка», а также вопросы для повторения, охватывающие все экзаменационные билеты. Может быть использован студентами первого курса специальности «Перевод и переводоведение» при подготовке к экзамену по английскому языку.

© Московский государственный университет путей сообщения (МИИТ), 2008

СодержаниеText 1.......................................................................................... 4Text 2.......................................................................................... 4Text 3.......................................................................................... 6Text 4.......................................................................................... 7Text 5............................... 8Text 6...,.....................................................................................10Text 7.........................................................................................12Text 8..................................................................................... 14Text 9.........................................................................................15Text 10................................:.................................................... 17Questions. Appearance.............................................................. 18Questions. Character............. 19Questions. Food........................................................................21Questions. Shopping..................................................................23Литература..............................................................................26

Text 1I had long coveted Polly Espy. Let me emphasize that

my desire for this young woman was not emotional in nature. She was, to be sure, a girl who excited the emotions, but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. I wanted Polly for a shrewdly calculated, entirely cerebral reason.

I was a freshman in law school. In a few years I would be out in practice. I was well aware of the importance of the right kind of wife in furthering a lawyer's career. The successful lawyers I had observed were, almost without exception, married to beautiful, gracious, intelligent women. With one omission, Polly fitted these specifications perfectly.

Beautiful she was. She was not yet of pin-up proportions, but I felt that time would supply the lack. She already had the makings.

Gracious she was. By gracious I mean full of graces. She had an erectness of carriage, an ease of bearing, a poise that clearly indicated the best of breeding. At table her maimers were exquisite. I had seen her at the Kozy Kampus Komer eating the specialty of the house - a sandwich that contained scraps of pot roast, gravy, chopped nuts, and a dipper of sauerkraut - without even getting her fingers moist. Intelligent she was not. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. But I believed that under my guidance she would smarten up. At any rate, it was worth a try. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.My first date with Polly was in the nature of a survey. I wanted to find out how much work I had to do to get her mind up to the standard I required. I took her first to dinner.

(Love is Fallacy by Max Shulman)

Text 2I would like to tell you a story about my uncle Theo.

He's my oldest uncle, a tall, thin, grey-haired man whose

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thoughts were always on learning and nothing else. He's quiet and gentle and absent-minded and with about as much sense as a child where money is concerned.

Well, he applied for a post in Camford University. It was a very good post and there were hundreds of candidates who ap­plied for it, and about fifteen, including Theo, were asked to be interviewed.

Now Camford is a very small town; there is only one ho­tel in it, and this was full. Theo shared the room with a man who was a self-confident fellow, called Adams, about twenty years younger than Theo, with a loud voice, and a laugh that you could hear all over the hotel. But he was a clever fellow all the same.

As a result of the first interview, the number of the can­didates was reduced to two. Uncle Theo and Adams. They de­cided to make their final choice after each candidate had given a public lecture in a college lecture-hall.

For three days uncle Theo never left his room. He worked day and night at that lecture almost without eating or sleeping. Adams didn't seem to do any preparation at all.

The day of the lecture arrived. They all went into the lec­ture-hall and Theo and Adams took their seats on the platform. Theo discovered, to his horror, that the typewritten copy of his speech had disappeared! The Dean called Adams first. With de­spair in his heart, Theo watched Adams calmly take the stolen speech out of his pocket and read it. And how well he read it! When Adams finished there was a great burst of applause. Ad­ams bowed and sat down.

Now it was Theo's turn. But what could he do? With a burning face he could only repeat, word for word, in a low dull voice the lecture that Adams had spoken so eloquently. There was hardly any applause when he sat down.The Dean and the committee went out to decide who the suc­cessful candidate was, but everyone was sure what their decision

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would be. Adams leaned across to Theo and patted him on the back and said smilingly, "Hard luck, old fellow, but after all, only one of us could win."Then the Dean and committee came back. "Gentlemen, the Dean said, the candidate we have chosen is Mr Theo Hobdell. Uncle Theo had won!" The audience were completely taken by sur­prise, and the Dean continued, "I think ought to tell you how we arrived at that decision. We were all filled with admiration at the learning and eloquence of Mr Adams. But you remember, Mr Adams read his lecture to us. When Mr Hobdell's turn came, he repeated that speech word by word from memory. Now a fine memory is absolutely necessary for this post, and what a mem­ory Mr Hobdell must have! That is why we decided that Mr Hobdell was exactly the man we wanted!"

T ext3Dinner began in silence; the women facing one another, and the men. In silence the soup was finished - excellent, if a little thick; and fish was brought. In silence it was handed. Bosinney ven­tured: "It's the first spring day." Irene echoed softly: "Yes - the first spring day." "Spring!" said June: "there isn't a breath of air!" No one replied. The fish was taken away, a fine fresh sole from Dover. And Bilson brought champagne, a bottle swathed around the neck with white. Soames said: "You'll find it dry." Cutlets were handed. They were refused by June, and silence fell. Soames said: "You'd better take a cutlet, June; there's noth­ing coming." But June again refused, so they were borne away. And then Irene asked: "Phil, have you heard my blackbird?" Bosinney answered: " Rather - he's got a hunting-song. As I came round I heard him in the Square." "He's such a darling!" "Salad, sir?" Spring chicken was removed. But Soames was speaking: "The asparagus is very poor. Bosinney, glass of sherry with your sweet? June, you're drinking nothing!" June said; "You know I never do. Wine's such horrid stuff!" An apple char­

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lotte came upon a silver dish. And smilingly Irene said: "The azaleas are so wonderful this year!" To this Bosinney mur­mured: "Wonderful! The scent's extraordinary!" June said: "How can you like the scent? Sugar, please, Bilson." Sugar was handed to her, and Soames remarked. "This charlotte's good!" The charlotte was removed. Long silence followed. Irene, beck­oning, said: "Take out the azalea, Bilson. Miss June can't bear the scent." "No, let it stay," said June. Olives from France, with Russian caviar, were placed on little plates. And Soames re­marked: "Why can't we have the Spanish?" But no one an­swered. The olives were removed. Lifting her tumbler June de­manded: "Give me some water, please." Water was given to her. A silver tray was brought, with German plums. There was a lengthy pause in perfect harmony all were eating them. Bosin­ney counted up the stones: "This year -next year - some time Irene finished softly: "Never. There was such a glorious sunset. The sky's all ruby still - so beautiful!" He answered: "Under­neath the dark." Their eyes had met, and June cried scornfully: "A London sunset!" Egyptian cigarettes were handled in a silver box. Soames, taking one, remarked: "What time's your play to begin?" No one replied, and Turkish coffee followed in enam­elled cups, Irene smiling quietly, said: "If only -" "Only what?" said June. "If only it could always be the spring!" Brandy was handed; it was pale and old. Soames said: "Bosinney, better take some brandy." Bosinney took a glass, they all rose.

Text 4A new American fast-food chain has just opened its first restau­rant in Britain. "The Nashville Superburger Bar" is just off Leicester Square. Because of the success of McDonald's and Kentucky Fried Chicken, I was interested to see if Nashville had anything new to offer. The restaurant was so brightly lit that I wished I'd brought my sunglasses. Once I'd got used to the light, I rather liked the green and orange plastic decor, which was very

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futuristic. The place was spotlessly clean - almost antiseptic! Although there was a long queue, service was incredibly fast. The menu was limited to a variety of hamburgers and prices were very reasonable. I had the ’’Giant Superburger" which was served with generous helping of french fries. Although the bur­ger itself was rather tasteless, there was a large selection of rel­ishes on every table and the french fries were the best I've ever tasted. This kind of establishment obviously caters to young people in a hurry. I was amazed to see that many of the custom­ers preferred to eat standing up even though there were seats available. Most of the customers were under 25 and alone. Eve­rybody seemed to be drinking milk-shakes and although I'm not very fond of them I felt I should have one. Not much can go wrong with a milk-shake and it tasted as good or as bad as any other. Although it's a quick and efficient way of taking nourish­ment, you wouldn't choose "The Nashville" for a quiet and ro­mantic evening with a friend. Although I wasn't in a hurry, I was in, fed and out in ten minutes. It reminded me very much of a motor way filling station.

Text 5I was startled when the bill of fare was brought, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated. But she reas­sured me."I never eat anything for luncheon," she said."Oh, don't say that!" I answered generously."I never eat more than one thing. I think people eat far too much nowadays. A little fish, perhaps. I wonder if they have any salmon."Well, it was early in the year for salmon and it was not on the bill of fare but I asked the waiter if there was any. Yes, a beauti­ful salmon had just come in, it was the first they had had. I or­dered it for my guest. The waiter asked her if she would have something while it was being cooked.

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"No," she answered, "I never eat more than one thing. Unless you had a little caviar. I never mind caviar.”My heart sank a little. I knew I could not afford caviar, but I could not very well tell her that. I told the waiter by all means to bring caviar. For myself I chose the cheapest dish on the menu and that was a mutton chop."I think you're unwise to eat meat," she said. "I don't know how you can expect to work after eating heavy things like chops. I don't believe in overloading my stomach."Then came the question of drink."I never drink anything for luncheon," she said."Neither do I," I answered promptly."Except white wine," she proceeded as though I had not spoken. "These French white wines are so light. They're wonderful for the digestion.""What would you like?" I asked, hospitable still, but not exactly effusive. She gave me a bright and amicable flash of her white teeth. "My doctor won't let me drink anything but champagne." I fancy I turned a trifle pale. I ordered half a bottle. I mentioned casually that my doctor had absolutely forbidden me to drink champagne."What are you going to drink then?""Water".She ate the caviar and she ate the salmon. She talked gaily of art and literature and music. But I wondered what the bill would come to. When my mutton chop arrived, she took me quite seri­ously to task."I see that you're in the habit of eating a heavy luncheon. I'm sure it's a mistake. Why don't you follow my example and just eat one thing? I'm sure you’d feel ever so much better for it.""I am only going to eat one thing," I said, as the waiter came again with bill of fare.She waved him aside with an airy gesture.

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"No, no I never eat anything for luncheon. Just a bite, I never want me than that, and I eat more as an excuse for conversation than anything elf I couldn't possibly eat anything more - unless they had some of those giant asparagus. I should be sorry to leave Paris without having some them."My heart sank. I had seen them in the shops and I knew that they we horribly expensive. My mouth had often watered at the sight ofthem."Madam wants to know if you have any of those giant aspara­gus," I asked waiter.I tried with all my might to will him to say no. A happy smile spread over his broad, priest-like face and he assured me that they had some so large, so splendid, so tender, that it was a mar­vel."I'm not in the least hungry," my guest sighed, "but if you insist I don't mind having some asparagus." I ordered them."Aren't you going to have any?" "No, I never eat asparagus.""I know there are people who don't like them. The fact is, you ruin your palate by all the meat you eat."We waited for the asparagus to be cooked. Panic seized me. It was not a question now how much money I should have left over for the rest of the month, but whether I had enough to pay the bill.

Text 6At the week-ends, when she has more time to spare, Elinor Lloyd does her shopping at the big self-service food stores in town, for she can buy a lot of goods more cheaply there than at her local grocer's. Accompanied by her husband or her daughter she walks round the Co-operative Supermarket and other large food stores looking for bargains. These large self-service stores are brightly-lit and usually well laid out. The goods are tidily arranged on trays and long shelves on which the various prices

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are clearly marked. There is plenty of room for the customers to walk about.The shelves are well stocked with a very wide selection of at­tractively packed goods - everything from quick-frozen food to washing powder, from shoe polish to new-laid eggs, from tinned fish to toothpaste. Elinor walks from shelf to shelf, filling her wire basket. She has to be careful when shopping in a self- service store, for the goods are so attractively displayed that she is tempted to buy things she does not need or cannot really af­ford. She puts two large tins of instant coffee into her basket. The same brand costs six pence more at the comer shop, so she has "saved" twelve pence.She looks round for a bottle of Worcestershire sauce but she cannot see any. A shop assistant, who is making up an order, approaches her: "Can I help you, madam?" - "I'd like a bottle of Worcestershire sauce. Do you sell it?" - " Yes, we do, but I'm afraid we've sold out at the moment. If you'd care to call on Monday ..." - "Thank you, I won't bother!" Elinor goes to the cash desk, where there is a short queue. When it is her turn the cashier reckons up the bill on a cash register which automati­cally adds up the various items. In the meantime another shop assistant packs the goods into Elinor's shopping bag. Elinor pays, carefully puts the receipt and the change into her purse and leaves the shop. Before getting the bus home she goes to the market in search of bargains. The market is large, with well over a hundred different stalls; part of it is covered, part of it open- air. A wide range of clothes, household goods, fruit and vegeta­bles is on sale and prices are often considerably lower than in the ordinary shops, for the stall-holders' overheads are relatively low. Elinor buys washing powder 5p a packet cheaper than at her local grocer's, and fresh fruit and vegetables: two pounds of oranges, half a pound of strawberries, two medium-sized grape­fruit, a large cauliflower and two pounds of sprouts.

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She arrives home exhausted but a little proud of having saved forty or fifty pence of the housekeeping money.

Text 7Complaining about faulty goods or bad service is never easy. Most people dislike making a fuss. However, when you are shopping, it is important to know your rights. The following ex­tract is taken from a leaflet produced by the British "Office of Fair Trading", and it gives advice to consumers.Your rights when buying goods.When you buy something from a shop, you are making a con­tract. This contract means that it's up to the shop - not the manu­facturer - to deal with your complaints if the goods are not satis­factory. What do we mean by satisfactory?The goods must not be broken or damaged and must work prop­erly. This is known as "merchantable quality". A sheet, say which had a tear in it, or a clock that didn't go when you wound it would not pass this test.The goods must be as described - whether on the pack or by the salesman. A hairdryer which the box says is blue should not turn out to be pink; a pair of shoes the salesman says is leather should not be plastic.The goods should be fit for their purpose. This means the pur­pose for which most people buy those particular goods. If you wanted something for a special purpose, you must have said ex­actly what for. If, for instance, the shop assures you that a cer­tain glue will mend broken china and it doesn't you have a right to return it.If the shop sells the faulty goods, it has broken its side of the bargain.I f things go wrong.If goods are faulty when you first inspect or use them, go back to the shop, say that you cancel the purchase and ask for a com­

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plete refund. If you prefer, you can accept a repair or replace­ment.If the goods break down through no fault of yours, after you have used them for a time, you may still be entitled to some compensation. In some cases it would be reasonable to expect a complete refund - if, for instance, without misuse your shoes came apart after only one day's wear, or your washing machine irreparably broke down after only three wash days. But if your washing machine worked perfectly for a while and then broke, you could only expect some of the purchase price back. You and the supplier must negotiate a reasonable settlement.You need never accept a credit note for faulty goods. If you do so, then later find you do not want anything else in the shop or store, you may not get your money back.If you have to spend money as a direct result of goods being faulty, you can also claim this from the shop. You could, for ex­ample, claim the cost of using a laundry while the washing ma­chine wasn’t working. But you must keep such expenses down to a minimum.There are four golden rules:1. Examine the goods you buy at once. If they are faulty, tell the seller quickly.2. Keep any receipts you are given. If you have to return some­thing, the receipt will help to prove where and when you bought it.3. Don't be afraid to complain. You are not asking a favour to have faulty goods put right. The law is on your side.4. Be persistent (but not aggressive). If your complaint is justi­fied, it is somebody's responsibility to put things right.RememberYou can't complain about defects that were pointed out to you, or that you could reasonably have been expected to notice.Stop using the item as soon as you discover a fault.

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You are not entitled to compensation if you simply change your mind about wanting the goods.

Text 8Our interest in clothes goes far beyond their use as a shelter. For most of us clothes are an expression of our personalities. We express ourselves in the styles and colours we pick and the com­bination of clothes we put together. At the same time we use clothes to express our individuality. We also use them to show our membership in special groups.You can see that clothes serve several important purposes. This is why, when choosing clothes, we need to keep both functional considerations such as durability, comfort and ease of care in mind as well as considerations such as style, pattern and colour. None of us can really afford to neglect our appearance. Just as we use clothes to express ourselves, other people use them as a way to find out what kind of people we are.To be well dressed, we need something more than a miscellane­ous collection of slacks, sweaters, skirts, and shoes. To really meet our needs, a wardrobe must be planned in relation to the kinds of things we do and the kind of places we go.To begin with, we must consider all our different activities and the kinds of clothes we need for each. Clothes for one of the categories may also serve another category. For example, clothes for school usually are also suitable for informal parties. Clothes for dress-up social occasions may be suitable for church. Most of us can afford to buy only a few new items each year. This is why it is important to make every choice count.There are, however, some buying techniques that can help you stretch a limited clothing budget.Choose Versatile Items.Versatile items are ones that have several different uses.They may be suitable for more than one season of the year - an example is a raincoat with a zip-in lining for cold weather. Or

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they can be worn for different types of occasion - an example would be a basic dress whose appearance can be changed by wearing different accessories.Coordinate Colours and Styles.If your money is limited, you will also give thought to the ability of wardrobe items to look good in different combinations. This kind of versatility comes from concentrating your clothing choices on a particular group of colours and styles that go well together.Stick to Basic Styles:Many clothing items are discarded long before they are worn out because their style looks out-of-date. So choose styles that re­main in fashion for several years especially when you buy ex­pensive items such as sport jacket or a good dress. Simpler, less extreme designs can be counted on to be in good taste and at­tractive for several years.Selecting Clothing.A number of product characteristics need to be taken into ac­count in choosing clothing - colour, style, fiber and fabrics, du­rability and ease of c are.

Text 9Using a Shopping ListThe first step in smart food shopping is to prepare a shopping list of the items we need to complete the meals we have planned. This shopping list should also include staple items we need such as salt, sugar, and paper towels.With a shopping list, we can avoid several costly mistakes. We can make certain we get everything we need and avoid extra trips to the store. A shopping list also will help us avoid impulse purchases that will run up our grocery bill. A shopping list also can help us avoid overbuying perishables so that we can elimi­nate wasteful spoilage.Choosing a Place to Shop

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An important part of smart shopping is the choice of a place to shop. Prices and quality do differ among stores.Price competition among supermarkets tends to keep prices from differing too much among different stores. Price differences are larger between supermarkets and small neighborhood and con­venience stores. These smaller stores are open long hours, and their average sales are small. This raises their operating costs. Since the stores' total sales are small, their extra operating costs result in higher prices. Smart shoppers will try to hold their pur­chases from these higher-priced stores to a minimum. Many city and country dwellers do not have supermarket-type stores nearby. The extra sayings from supermarket shopping may make some extra effort worthwhile, especially for large orders. Choosing a supermarket may be difficult. Some stores try to draw in shoppers with attractive specials. These stores usually make up for these specials by charging higher prices for other items. Other stores advertise "everyday low prices" or "discount prices". To make up for their lower average prices, these stores may not offer good specials.Understanding the Information on the Label Information included on the labels of food products is strictly controlled by law. Food shoppers will find labels to be one of their most useful and reliable sources of information. Labels provide such important facts as the ingredients and the relative amounts of each that were used, the net weight of the package contents, the name of the processor or distributor, and federal inspection information.Rate the importance o f each o f the following factors in your de­cision whether to buy a certain item in the grocery store: taste price appearancenutrition freshness packagingneed budget weightcontainer size

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Text 10In America, just as in England, you see the same shops with the same boards and windows in every town and village.Shopping, however, happens to be an art of its own and you have to learn slowly where to buy various things. If you are hungry, you go to the chemist's. A chemist's shop is called a drug-store in the United States; it is a national institution and a very good institution at that. In the larger drug-stores you are likely to get drugs, too, but their main business consists of sell­ing stationery, candy, toys, braces, belts, fountain pens, furniture and imitation jewellery. Every drug-store has a food counter with high stools in front of it and there they serve various juices, coffee, sundaes, ice-cream, sandwiches, omelettes and other egg dishes.If you want cigarettes, you are expected to go to the grocer; if you want to have your shoes cleaned, go to the barber; if you want a radio, go to a man's shop; if you want a suit-case, go to the chemist's. On the other hand if you want to send a telegram, avoid the post office, because telegrams are sure to be handled by private companies. Nor has the post office anything to do with the telephone either, as telephone service is supplied by the American Telephone and Telegraph Co. Nor will you find pub­lic conveniences in America in the British sense of the word be­cause a lavatory turned out to be a strictly private enterprise in the United States, well hidden from the public eye.Whatever you buy, it may be exchanged later for something else in the same shop. This seems to be a great pastime with the Americans. A great many people do not really buy things - they only want them to be exchanged later for something else. It is not unusual at all to see a lady bringing back a hat with a lot of fruit on it and exchanging it either for real fruit or a real hat; or to see somebody bringing back a refrigerator with the remark that he made a mistake and now he wants to subscribe to the Reader's Digest instead.

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Questions. Appearance• What do we call the face and its expression?• What do we call the natural colour and appearance of the skin {especially the colour of the face)?• What do we call the joint between the two parts of the arm?• What do we call the hair on a man’s upper lip?• What do we call the joint between the arm and the hand?• What do we call a small light-brown spot on the human skin?• What do we call the hair on a man’s face below the mouth?• What do we call the middle joint of the leg where the leg bends?• What colour of eyes do you like most?• What is the difference between a near-sighted person and a far­sighted one?• How do you wear your hair?• What can happen to a person’s voice if he shouts too loudly or too long?• What complexion do blond people usually have?• With which finger do we hold a pen or a pencil?• What happens to a child’s milk teeth?• How does hard manual work affect people’s hands?• What do we call people who lost their hair?• To what part of the ear are the earrings attached?• What does a person deserving to be called well-preserved look like?• When do men’s cheeks become stubbly?• What is the difference between a sunburnt and a swarthy face?• What kind of gait do old people have?• Describe your mother/father.• You’re members of a beauty contest jury. Discuss the partici­pants and choose the most beautiful girl.• You’d like a big change in your appearance. Discuss it with your friend.

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• Name 10 likes and dislikes in a person’s appearance.• Do you think the appearance is important when you want to get a job? Why?• In what jobs do you think the appearance is essential? Why?• Do you think that the saying “ A beauty lives an easier life” is correct? Prove your point.• What is your ideal of male/female beauty?• You have never met your uncle before. Your father tells you about him.• You were in France. Your colleagues are eager to know your opinion of French women.• You are a fan of a popular singer. Tell about him/her.

Questions. Character• Who always says what he thinks?• Who never boasts?• Who is always ready to share what he has got with others?• Who is fond of praising himself?• Who always achieves his aim?• Who is hard to get along with?• Who is easily hurt?• Who grasps things easily?• Who makes friends easily?• Who is never shy with strangers?• Who works a lot?• Who can not behave?• Who never says what’s on his mind?• Who cannot be trusted?• Who you cannot rely on?• Who easily obeys other people’s wishes, orders?• Who feels or shows kindness?• Who is pleasant and friendly?• Who doesn’t show any personal opinion?

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• Who suspects that one cannot be trusted?• Who is interested only in his own thoughts?• You’re supposed to meet somebody at the railway station. How would you recognize him/her?• You witnessed a bank robbery. Describe the criminals to the policeman.• Your sister got married. Describe her new husband to your aunt who couldn’t be present at the wedding.• You saw a film yesterday. You liked an actress/actor who is well-known but you can’t remember her/his name. Describe her/his appearance to your friend.• Do you agree with the saying “All merit are as stubborn as mule”?• Do you think that opposites attract?• What are the traits of an ideal wife/husband? Do you think it’s good to live with an ideal?• What are your best friend’s most engaging traits?• What makes a student popular with others?• What makes a student unpopular with others?• What traits of character in your opinion do students appreciate in a teacher?• What do you think is more important: beauty or character?• You don’t like your neighbour/manager/doctor. Say why.• You met a wonderful man on die train. Tell about him.• You want to introduce your friend to your younger sister. Try to persuade him he’ll like her.• Tell about your pet’s character.• Do you like children? In either case, explain why.• You came home on holiday and tell your mother about your roommate.

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Questions. Food• Give a definition for mashed potatoes.• Give a definition for stewing pan.• Give a definition for tray.• Give a definition for overdone meat.• Give a definition for stuffed pepper.• Give a definition for china.• Give a definition for a la carte.• Give a definition for tips.• Give a definition for salad.• Give a definition for grater.• Give a word or phrase for scrape into small pieces ( o f cheese, carrots).• Give a word or phrase for cut (meat) into small pieces with re­volving blades.• Give a word or phrase for take the skin off.• Give a word or phrase for beat or flop (eggs, cream).• Give a word or phrase for cook in water at 100 degrees C.• Give a word or phrase for cook in boiling oil or fat.• Give a word or phrase for cook in a hot oven or over a hot fire.• Give a word or phrase for be cooked in water or juice slowly in a closed dish.• Give a detailed description of cooking your favourite dish, mixing and dressing salad.• What do we say when we want to praise the dish?• What do you say when you want some more of something of­fered at the table?• What do you say when you want to propose somebody’s health?• What do you say when you want your guests to put some food on their plates?• What do you say when you don’t know what to order at a res­taurant?

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• What do you say when you are at the table and can’t reach a salt-cellar?• What do you say when you don’t like the dish you are offered?• Do you agree or disagree that eating carrots is good for the eyes?• Do you agree or disagree that fish is good for the brain?• Do you agree or disagree that eating cheese at night makes you dream?• Do you agree or disagree that garlic stops you getting colds?• Do you agree or disagree that drinking coffee stops you sleep- ing?• Do you agree or disagree that yoghurt makes you healthy?• Do you agree or disagree that an apple a day keeps the doctor away?• Do you agree or disagree that a hot milky drink helps you go to sleep?• Do you agree or disagree that a cup of tea revives you?• Do you agree or disagree that Guinness is good for you?• Do you agree or disagree that crusty bread makes your hair curl?• Do you agree or disagree that brown eggs taste better than white ones?• Describe your first visit to a restaurant.• Describe your week-day and weekend menu.• Tell about your family’s favourite dishes.• Many fast food restaurants are being opened in our country. Tell us about one of them.• Talk about dishes you usually cook for your birthday?• Illustrate the saying “Tastes differ”.• What good do fruit and vegetables do us?• Talk about special features of Russian cuisine.• You’ve invited your English friend for dinner. Talk about dishes you are going to cook.

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• What do you know about traditional dishes of various coun­tries.• Tell how you lay the table for a party at home.

Questions. Shopping• What do we call a very large self-service shop which deals with foods and household goods?• What do we call a shop which sells liqueurs, spirits and wine?• What do we call a long flat-topped bench in a shop over which business is conducted with customers?• What do we call a weighing instrument?• What do we call a wire-basket on wheels used in shops for transporting customer’s purchases?• What do we call a tin container in which food or drink is her­metically sealed?• What do we call a set of twelve?• What do we call the space in the supermarket where goods on sale are displayed?• What do we call a machine in shops with a drawer for money, recording the amount of each sale?• What do we call a sheltered area surrounded with shops and other buildings closed for vehicular traffic?• What do we say or do when we want to buy some cereal?• What do we say or do when we see we haven’t got any more bread?• What do we say or do when we don’t know whether the shop deals with some food we want to buy?• What do we say or do when we don’t want to buy anything else?• What do we say or do when we need some meat for cooking dinner?• What do we say or do when we want to know the cost of all our purchases at the shop?

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• What do we say or do when we plan a dinner party?• What do we say or do when we plan to go on a picnic in the country?• What do we say or do when we want to prepare some special dish and discover that we are short of a few necessary ingredi­ents?• What do we say or do when we don’t feel comfortable in some garments?• What do we say or do when somebody doesn’t look smart in the clothes he/she is wearing?• What do we say or do when we want to attend some showy event and haven’t got proper clothes for the occasion?• What do we say or do when we bought something off the regu­lar price?• What do we say or do when we decide not to buy the item we were looking at?• What do we say or do when we want to see whether some garment fits?• What do we say or do when we want to say the material won’t let water in?• What do we say or do when our skirt doesn’t show creases?• What do we say or do when our jumper doesn’t shrink after washing?• What do we say or do when the cloth is of very light colour and we think it’ll need frequent cleaning?• What do we say or do when we’ve chosen some meat, a melon, grapes, to buy and want the shop assistant to weigh it or us?• What do we say or do when we think a joint of meat, a head of lettuce, a cabbage, a bunch of grapes too big for us?• Dramatize the situation. Husband and wife in the supermarket shopping for a week’s supply of food.

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• Dramatize the situation. At the butcher’s, the customer wants to buy various kinds of meat, but cannot afford to spend too much money.• Dramatize the situation. Advise your new neighbour on the best food stores in the area.• Dramatize the situation. Advise your newly-wed daughter on the clever spending of the housekeeping money.• Do you remember your first purchase? Talk about it.• Speak about your most successful and satisfying shopping.• Do you prefer to shop in supermarkets or in small shops? Why?• Describe your favourite food/department store.• Describe the shopping centres in your vicinity.• Describe a disastrous shopping tour in your life.• When did you buy your first present for your father/mother?• Tell how you bought your favourite shoes.• Do you prefer to do shopping on your own or in company? Why?• What is the best time for shopping (morning, evening, week­end)? Why?• Describe a shopper you would call thorough, careless, smart.• What kind of purchases would you call a bargain and what are the best places to lock for bargains?• Speak of your experience of a shopping spree (real or imagi­nary).• Create a shopping list for a teenager who walks to the store.• Create a shopping list for a coach buying for a basketball team.• Create a shopping list for a camper preparing for a long hiking trip.

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Литература1. Т.Ю.Дроздова и др., Everyday English:;^4e6Hoe пособие.- 7 изд. - СПб.: Антология, 20072. ВП1 Mascull, English Vocabulary in Use, Intermediate, OUP, 20023. Longman Dictionary of contemporary En glish4. Oxford Collocations Dictionary5. www.geocites.com

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