2.7 Climatic Conditions and Zones (Pages 74-82)
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Transcript of 2.7 Climatic Conditions and Zones (Pages 74-82)
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2.7 Climatic Conditions and Zones (Pages 74-82)
Page 75 - Figure 5.1
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Read – Textbook – Page 74
• A climatic region is set apart from other climatic regions by a set of characteristics (i.e. temperature range, precipitation levels, patterns of sunniness or cloudiness, wind conditions, length of each season, and the way its seasons vary).
• There are six climatic regions, which include: 1. Tropical; 2. Dry; 3. Temperate Mild Winter; 4. Temperate Cold Winter; 5. Polar; and 6. Highlands.
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2.7.1 Describe climatic conditions within selected zones (Page 75)
• Each of the 6 climate regions has sub-regions.
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2.7.1 Continued
1. Tropical Climates
- Tropical Wet
- Tropical Wet and Dry
2. Dry Climates
- Semi-Arid or Steppe
- Arid or Dry
3. Temperate Mild Winter Climates
- Mediterranean
- Subtropical
- Marine West Coast
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2.7.1 Continued
4. Temperate Cold Winter Climates- Continental, Warm Summer- Continental, Cool Summer- Subarctic
5. Polar Climates- Tundra- Icecap
6. Highlands Climate
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Stuff About Climographs
• Temperature is plotted as a line graph joining the 12 months of the year.
• Precipitation is shown as a series of bars, one for each month.
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1. Tropical Climates• All Tropical Climates
Temperatures over 18 0C every day due to low latitude and warm ocean currents and prevailing winds blowing from equatorial region.
Tropical Wet and Dry; very heavy summer rain and very dry winter due to seasonal shift in prevailing winds. (remember monsoons from the previous section?
Tropical Wet; heavy rain all year due to hot temperatures and resulting convectional rain.
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Tropical Climographs
Tropical Wet Climograph
• Precipitation in each month is high.
• Temperatures are constant and high (19-27 0C) (always above 18 º C).
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Tropical Climographs
Tropical Wet and Dry Climograph
• E.g. Page 76 – Bombay, India
• Precipitation is very high in summer months and very low in winter months (MONSOONS)
• Temperatures are relatively constant and high (19-27 0C) (always above 18 º C).
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2. Dry Climates
• All Dry Climates– Receive < 500 mm of
precipitation annually.– More evaporation than
precipitation.– Little vegetation and is windy.
• Arid or Desert– Occurs between 10-30 oN and
10-30 oS.– 10-250 mm of rain annually.
• Semi-arid or Steppe– Transition zone
between desert and forest.
– 250-500 mm of rain annually.
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Dry Climographs
Arid or Desert Climograph
• E.g. Page 76 - Figure 5.2 Alice Springs, Australia.
• Precipitation in each month is low (total less than 250 mm).
• Temperature may vary seasonally.
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Dry ClimographsSemi-arid or Steppe Climograph
• E.g. Page 77 - Figure 5.4 (top left climograph).
• Precipitation in each month is fairly low (total less than 500 mm).
• Temperature may vary seasonally.
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3. Temperate Mild Winter Climate
• All Temperate Mild Winter – Located in the mid-latitudes.– Mild winters.– Temperatures vary with
seasons.
• Marine West Coast • Is located further from
the equator.• Is warmed by warm
ocean currents.
• Mediterranean• Limited to the
Mediterranean Sea area.
• Subtropical• East coast of continents.• Close to the tropics.
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Temperate Mild Winter Climographs
• Summer temperatures vary, but winter months (even the coldest month) are warmer than –3 oC.
Marine West Coast
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4. Temperate Cold Winter Climates• Summer temperatures vary, but some winter months are colder than –3 oC. Only occurs in the Northern Hemisphere
Continental Warm Summer
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5. Polar Climates
• Short summer season.
• Small amounts of precipitation.
Tundra: Summer temperatures are never above 10 oC.
Ice Caps: Summer temperature are never above 0 oC.
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6. HIGHLANDS(Alpine)
Due to elevation and involves areas higher than 1000 m.
Highland climates vary depending on a
combination of four factors:
1. Latitude
2. Elevation (Altitude)
3. Topography
4. Continental Location
Remember: 2°C decrease/300m increase
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2.7.2 Patterns of Climatic Zones
• Globally speaking, where is each climatic zone concentrated?
1. Tropical?
2. Dry?
3. Temperate?
4. Polar?
5. Highlands?
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Answers• Tropical = Near the equator and between 23.5 º N and S
(i.e. Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn). The Tropical Wet and Dry sub-region is farther from the equator from the Tropic Wet sub-region.
• Dry (Desert or Arid) = Between 10 º and 30 º N and S. Also, on the west coasts of continents and on the leeward side of mountains.
• Dry (Semi-Arid or Steppe) = Between the Tropical Wet and Dry sub-region and the dry Desert or Arid sub-region.
• Temperate Mild Winter = Found in the mid-latitudes or on seas or ocean coasts. Mediterranean = West coasts of continents and in areas around the Mediterranean Sea. Subtropical = East coasts of continents. Marine West Coast = West coasts of continents, but at higher latitudes.
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Answers• Temperate Cold Winter = Mid-latitudes similar to
temperate mild winter; however, it is more continental (meaning farther inland). Subarctic sub-region = Between 50 and 70 º N.
• Polar = Located north and south of 60 º. Tundra = Closer to oceans. Icecaps = Farther inland.
• Highlands = Due to elevation and involves areas higher than 1000 m.
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2.7.2 Practice• Do Question #2 on page 75 (Part A Only).
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Georgetown, Guyana – Tropical Wet
Bombay, India – Tropical Wet and Dry – Monsoonal, Dry winter months, and Hot.
Montreal, Canada – Temperate Cold Winter – Seasonal.
Alice Springs, Australia – Between Arid and Semi-Arid – Dry, Seasonal, Hot Summer.
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2.7.2 Practice
• Do Question #2 on page 75 (Part B Only)
• Montreal and Alice Springs have the widest temperature ranges.
• RE: Temperature; colder winter in Montreal and warmer summer in Alice Springs.
• RE: Precipitation; more in Montreal and evenly distributed.
• RE: Months of Summer; opposite summer months due to northern (J, J, A) and southern (D, J, F, M) hemispheres.
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2.7.2 Practice• Do Question #2 on page 75 (Part C Only)• Different hemispheres give opposite seasons based on
which months each hemisphere is tilted towards the sun and away from the sun.
• Do Question #2 on page 75 (Part D Only).
• Montreal = Temperate Cold Winter
• Alice Springs = Semi-Arid or Steppe
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Page 77 – Sites A, B, and C
• Site C = Singapore = Tropical Wet
• Flat and high temperature line.
• Rainfall is heavy all year long.
• Site B = Toronto = Continent, Cool Summer (Temperate Cold Winter)
• High temperature range.
• Coldest winter month is below -3 º C.
• Site A = New Zealand = Marine West Coast (Temperate Mild Winter)
• Warm winters.
• Precipitation in both winter and summer.
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Random Questions
• What is the most widespread climatic zone in the low latitudes?
• What are two climatic zones that have dry conditions for most of the year?
• Which climatic zone is most widespread in North Africa?
• Which continents do not experience continental climates (3)?
• What climate zone represents St. John’s, Newfoundland?