25TH SEPTEMBER 2012

ADAS workshop| Didier VEZINET

| PAGE 1CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012

FAST NI AND FE DENSITY ESTIMATION USING SOFT XRAY MEASUREMENTS IN

TORE SUPRA: PRELIMINARY STUDY

D. VEZINET, D. MAZON, D. CLAYTON, R. GUIRLET, M. O’MULLANE, D. VILLEGAS

FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, ACCEPTED

Real-time Soft Xray for impurity density profiles

OPERATIONAL OBJECTIVE

| PAGE 2CEA | 25th september 2012

Objective :Give a fast estimation of the total density distribution a given impurity in the plasma (e.g. : injection)

Means:SXR diagnostics: (spatial resolution ≈ 5cm)• Poloidal tomography : (82 lines of sight, currently available, absolutely calibrated)

Assumption:• Low dependency of the SXR cooling factor on transport coefficients ?

SXRSSe

Z

z

SXRzSzSSe

SXRS LnnKfnn

0,, SXR

Se

SXRS

S Lnn

2D local absolute value of SXR emissivity SXRBG

SXRSXRS

MeasuredEstimated

SOME OBSERVATIONS…

| PAGE 3CEA | 25th september 2012

• SXR data is integrated spectrally (but is usually spatially localized thanks to tomographic reconstructions)

e.g. : MFI on Tore Supra [1], allows for reconstruction of poloidal asymmetries [2]

• Transport coefficients for simulations have to be fitted using minimisation algorithms that cannot always guarantee the solution is not a local minimum

[1] M. Anton et al., Plasma physics and controlled fusion, vol. 38, p. 1849, 1996.[2] D. Mazon et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 83, no. 6, p. 063505, 2012.

• Some previous transport studies during impurity injections suggest that in some configurations and for some impurities, the ionisation equilibrium and/ or the cooling factor might depend only weakly on transport coefficients in the Soft Xray (SXR) range [3-5].

[3] R. Dux et al., Nuclear Fusion, vol. 39, p. 1509, 1999.[4] T. Pütterich et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol. 50, p. 085016, 2008.[5] M. Sertoli et al., Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion, vol. 53, p. 035024, 2011.

0

,,z

SXRzSzS

SXRS KfL

S = atomic species Z = atomic number z = ion charge

COOLING FACTOR ESTIMATION

| PAGE 4CEA | 25th september 2012

(H1) Local ionisation equilibrium

0

,,z

SXRzSzS

SXRS KfL

(H3) Ionisation equilibrium is approximated with rough ‘standard’ estimation of (D,V)

(H4) Cooling factor can be approximated by rough ‘standard’ estimation of (D,V)

(H2) Cooling factor not affected by transportStro

nger

Mor

e ge

nera

l

0,0,SXRSVD

SXRS LL

0,0,,, zSVDzS ff

VVDDzSVDzS ff

,,,,

VVDDSXRSVD

SXRS LL ,,

Rough ‘standard’ estimation of (D,V) Tabulation ? Genetic algorithm ?Neural network ?

PRELIMINARY STUDY: SIMULATED FE INJECTION

| PAGE 5CEA | 25th september 2012The author would like to thank Daniel Clayton (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA) for his kind support and help with these simulations

Simulation run on STRAHL, with CHIANTI atomic data, stationary state after Fe injection (no exchange through the LCFS after the injection)

SXRBG

SXRSXRS

SXRSSe

SXRS Lnn

3 tranport scenarii3 Te profiles (TS-inspired)

PRELIMINARY STUDY: SIMULATED FE INJECTION

| PAGE 6CEA | 25th september 2012The author would like to thank Daniel Clayton (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA) for his kind support and help with these simulations

SXRBG

SXRSXRS

SXRSSe

SXRS LnnS

SXRSSXR

Se nLn

(H1) ?

(H3) ?

PRELIMINARY STUDY: SIMULATED FE INJECTION

| PAGE 7CEA | 25th september 2012The author would like to thank Daniel Clayton (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA) for his kind support and help with these simulations

SXRBG

SXRSXRS

SXRSSe

SXRS Lnn

(H2)

S

SXRSSXR

Se nLn

0,1 - 0,2 ≈ rhoH1 < rhoH2 < rhoH3 < rhoH4 ≈ 0,8 - 1 ?

(H2)(H2)

(H4) (H4) (H4)

(H1) ? (H1) ? (H1) ?

(H3) ?(H3) ?

(H3) ?

SIMULATED NI INJECTION ON JET-LIKE, ITER H-MODE PLASMA

| PAGE 8CEA | 25th september 2012

JET-like transport coefficients [6]:

* M. O’Mullane, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow UK

Courtesy of Martin O’Mullane*ITER-like Simulation run on SANCO, with ADAS atomic data, stationary state with Ni constant influx => stationary state, with flat ne profileSlide 13/22 of CDR, ITER, 21st, February 2012

[6] C. Giroud et al., Nuclear fusion, vol. 47, p. 313, 2007.

edge at the drops flat,mostly / 5 ; 0/ 2 ; 5.0 2

smVsmD

EXPERIMENTAL NI INJECTION ON TORE SUPRA

| PAGE 9CEA | 25th september 2012

Application: Ni trace injection in Tore Supra (TS # 40801)

• D and V assumed to be stationary, equal for all ionisation stages• D and V profiles were found iteratively (genetic algorithm) to best fit experimental data (assuming

poloidal symetry). • Experimental inputs : Te (ECE) & ne (reflectometry)• Experimental constraints : SXR (line-integrated, relative constraint), Prad (bolometry, absolute

constraint), spectroscopy, ...

Impurity transport studied in detail [7]

[7] D. Villegas, R. Guirlet et al., Physical Review Letters, vol. 105, no. 3, Jul. 2010.

+/- 20 %

EXPERIMENTAL NI INJECTION ON TORE SUPRA

| PAGE 10CEA | 25th september 2012

Same order of magnitude of nS (ratio 2,5 => cross calibration)

EXPERIMENTAL NI INJECTION ON TORE SUPRA

| PAGE 11CEA | 25th september 2012

Scattering = uncertainty of the tomographic reconstruction

(H2)

(H4)

Same order of magnitude of nS (ratio 2,5 => cross calibration)Similar normalised density profile (though more peaked)

(H4) satisfactory ? (error bars based on discrepancy to measurements)

Brightnesses : difficult to conclude, (line integrated)=> Only horizontal camera used by transport studies=> Promote the use of reliable tomographic inversions

| PAGE 12CEA | 25th september 2012

• Preliminary but encouraging results have been obtained that add up to previous observations by other authors.

• (H1) might be valid in some cases, but generally inside a (very) limited central region of the plasma.

• Our approach only requires more general assumptions, concentrate on (H2), (H3) and/or (H4) ?

• More simulation are needed, with other impurities and transport coefficients as realistic as possible.

• The use of spatially localised data (emissivity provided by reliable tomographic inversion) is prefered, and the importance of calibration [8-9] (relative for density profile shape and absolute for absolute density values) is emphasized. In particular, cross calibration between several diagnostics is seen as a key factor to enhance confidence in the results.

• Reliable tomographic inversions also help diagnose poloidal asymetries [10] and could provide 2D maps of the total density, potentially in real-time in a near future.

[8] D. Mazon et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 79, no. 10, p. 10E321, 2008.[9] D. Pacella et al., Review of Scientific Instruments, vol. 79, no. 10, p. 10E322, 2008.[10] D. Vezinet et al., Fusion Science and Technology, vol. accepted.

CONCLUSIONS

DSMIRFMSTEP

Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternativesCentre de Cadarache | 13108 Saint Paul Lez Durance CedexT. +33 (0)4 42 25 62 25 | F. +33 (0)4 42 25 26 61

Etablissement public à caractère industriel et commercial | RCS Paris B 775 685 019

| PAGE 13

CEA | 10 AVRIL 2012

Thank you for your attention