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Department of Defense Trade Off DDI 08 [SS]Montavius Choy

F-22 Index

F-22 Trade Off 1NC .................................................................................................................................................................................. ...2F-22 Trade Off 1NC .................................................................................................................................................................................. ...3Budget Tight................................................................................................................................................................................................. 4F-22 Chopping Block ...................................................................................................................................................................................5F-22 Chopping Block ...................................................................................................................................................................................6

F-22 Chopping Block ...................................................................................................................................................................................7Funding Trade Off ........................................................................................................................................................................................8Space Trades Off ..........................................................................................................................................................................................9Funding Key to F-22 ..................................................................................................................................................................................10Funding Key To Air Force .........................................................................................................................................................................11F-22 Good Security .................................................................................................................................................................................12F-22 Good China ....................................................................................................................................................................................13F-22 Good Terror ................................................................................................................................................................................ ....14F-22 Good Air Power ..............................................................................................................................................................................15F-22 Good Air Power ..............................................................................................................................................................................16Air Power Good Hegemony ...................................................................................................................................................................17Air Power Good Military ........................................................................................................................................................................18Air Power Good Terror ...........................................................................................................................................................................19

Air Power Good Middle East ..................................................................................................................................................................20Air Power Good Koreas ..........................................................................................................................................................................21Air Power Good Deterrence ...................................................................................................................................................................22F-22 Funding Low .....................................................................................................................................................................................23Trade Off Now ...........................................................................................................................................................................................24Trade Off Inevitable .......................................................................................................................................................................... ...... ...25Funding Irrelevant ......................................................................................................................................................................................26F-22 Fail Air Power ................................................................................................................................................................................27F-22 Fail Timeframe ..............................................................................................................................................................................28F-22 Fail Engineering ............................................................................................................................................................................29F-22 Fail Software ..................................................................................................................................................................................30AT: Air Power ....................................................................................................................................................................... ...... ...... ...... ...31AT: Air Power ....................................................................................................................................................................... ...... ...... ...... ...32

AT: Overseas Threats .................................................................................................................................................................................33AT: Middle East .........................................................................................................................................................................................34AT: China ............................................................................................................................................................................................... ....35AT: Terror ...................................................................................................................................................................................................36F-22 Bad Iraq War ...................................................................................................................................................................................37FCS Trade Off 1NC ......................................................................................................................................................................... ...... ....38FCS Trade Off 1NC ......................................................................................................................................................................... ...... ....39FCS Chopping Block .................................................................................................................................................................................40FCS Funding High .....................................................................................................................................................................................41Funding Key To FCS .................................................................................................................................................................. ...... ...... ...42FCS Coming ...............................................................................................................................................................................................43FCS Coming ...............................................................................................................................................................................................44FCS Good Heg ........................................................................................................................................................................................45

FCS Good Heg .......................................................................................................................................................................................46FCS Good Readiness .............................................................................................................................................................................47FCS Funding Cut Now ...............................................................................................................................................................................48FCS Cuts Inevitable ...................................................................................................................................................................................49FCS Fails Tech ........................................................................................................................................................................................50FCS Fails Insufficient ............................................................................................................................................................................51FCS Fails Timeframe .............................................................................................................................................................................52AT: Terror ...................................................................................................................................................................................................53

We dont talk to the poh-lice. 1

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F-22 Trade Off 1NC

Lockheeds F-22 jet will barely get funded but its on the chopping block

Bob Cox 8, Staff writer @ Star-Telegram

[Whats up next for F-35, F-22? 6/17/08, http://www.star-telegram.com/business/story/704902.html]

Clear air, politically speaking, appears to lie ahead for the F-35 joint strike fighter program in the wake of Lockheed Martinssuccessful flight test last week of the first redesigned version of the aircraft. The same probably cant be said for Lockheeds F-22 jet after its most vocal proponents in the U.S. Air Force leadership were sacked recently by Defense Secretary Robert Gates.The successful test flight of the F-35B Lightning II short takeoff-vertical landing model on Wednesday prompted a vote ofconfidence from one senior civilian Pentagon official. John Young, undersecretary of defense for weapons development andacquisition, said in a statement that the flight makes a strong statement about the progress on the F-35 program despite wellpublicized delays and technical issues. Young said the JSF program is ahead of similar programs in terms of quality, software,testing, and manufacturing readiness. The JSF program has many more steps ahead, but todays flight demonstrates thematurity and progress being made on JSF. The F-35B is the short takeoff-vertical landing, or STOVL, model of the threeversions and is the most challenging technically. In April, Young had approved funds to produce six F-35A conventional-takeoff-and-landing models, but withheld funds for six STOVL models until after the first flight. Young will receive a furtherbriefing by program and Lockheed officials, probably within the next month, including a review of plans for resolving

problems discovered in tests of F-35B engines. But barring any new technical issues with the engine, Young is expected torelease funds for the other six aircraft approved in the 2008 budget. Politically, the joint strike fighter is in very good shape,said Loren Thompson, defense analyst with the Lexington Institute and a consultant to several aerospace and defensecompanies, including Lockheed. The same cant be said for the F-22. The June 5 firings of Air Force Secretary Michael Wynneand Chief of Staff Gen. Michael Moseley, Thompson said, were in large part due to the increasingly angry debate between theAir Force and senior Pentagon leaders over whether to buy more F-22s. The tone of the discussions between Moseley and,particularly, Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon England over the F-22 had grown increasingly tense. The absence of anystrong advocates for the F-22, with Moseley and Wynne gone, will be detrimental for the program, Thompson said. Bothprograms are important to Lockheeds Fort Worth operation. About 1,800 workers assemble the mid-fuselage of the F-22, whileabout 4,000 are working on the F-35 with production work just beginning to have an impact on staffing. The F-22 still hasstrong supporters in Congress who will probably maintain some funding for additional planes beyond the 183 now on order inthe 2009 budget, but the likelihood of long-term production is dim. Both Gates and England are firmly opposed to futureorders. And Thompson said it is unlikely, given their past positions, that either Sen. John McCain or Sen. Barack Obama will

be champion of the program if elected president.

F-22 funding competes with other initiatives

GAO 5, U.S. Government Accountability Office

[TACTICAL AIRCRAFT Air Force Still Needs Business Case to Support F/A-22 Quantities and Increased Capabilities, 3/1/05,http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05304.pdf]

DOD has been pushing to transform its military operations and capabilities to acquire revolutionary weapon systems and meetevolving post-Cold War threats. Undertaking this transformational effort requires significant funding and competes with otherDOD and national priorities. When DODs weapon systems, such as the F/A-22, require more time and money than originallyanticipated, the extra investment needed to solve problems takes funding away from other priorities, slows DODs overallmodernization effort, delays capabilities for the warfighter, and forces unplannedand possibly unnecessarytrade-offs among

DODs many priorities. Our past work has shown that problems, such as cost overruns, arise when weapon programs do not have asound business case2 or capture the knowledge needed to efficiently and effectively manage program risks. The end result is areduction in quantities and ultimately in DODs overall buying power.

http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05304.pdfhttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05304.pdf

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F-22 Trade Off 1NC

F-22 planes key to US air superiority.

Seth Weingberger, Prof. of Intl Rels and Political Philosophy at Univ. of Pudget Sound, Here Comes The F-22, 1/9/2008Assuming the Air Force is not being extra-cautious with the F-15s to encourage the purchase of more F-22s (such an assumptionshouldn't be seen as an indictment of the Air Force, but rather a recognition of the way in which bureaucratic incentives affect decisionmaking), the structural problems emerging in the F-22 does seem to recommend increasing the complement of F-22s. The F-15s arenow, on average, 25 years old, and the F-16s are even older. The F-22 will keep the US Air Force unchallenged in the skies and willserve as a deterrent against potential rivals attempting to challenge US air superiority. Air dominance is such a vital component of USmilitary strategy; it would be unacceptable to let the gap between the US and other states' air forces shrink. Not all military systemsare worth the investment. But the F-22 is.

Hegemony is beautiful

Zalmay Khalilizad, Director of the Strategy and Doctrine Program @ RAND and current US Ambassador to Iraq, "Losing theMoment? The United States and the World After the Cold War," The Washington Quarterly, Spring 1995, p. LexisUnder the third option, the United States would seek to retain global leadership and to preclude the rise of a global rival or a return tomultipolarity for the indefinite future. On balance, this is the best long-term guiding principle and vision. Such a vision is desirable notas an end in itself, but because a world in which the United States exercises leadership would have tremendous advantages. First, theglobal environment would be more open and more receptive to American values -- democracy, free markets, and the rule of law.Second, such a world would have a better chance of dealing cooperatively with the world's major problems, such as nuclearproliferation, threats of regional hegemony by renegade states, and low-level conflicts. Finally, U.S. leadership would help precludethe rise of another hostile global rival, enabling the United States and the world to avoid another global cold or hot war and all theattendant dangers, including a global nuclear exchange. U.S. leadership would therefore be more conducive to global stability than abipolar or a multipolar balance of power system.


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F-22 Chopping Block

Lockheeds F-22 Jets have been cut back because of spending restraints

Elizabeth Becker, staff writer, 7/23/1999, New York Times, Critics Catch up to a 21

st

Century Jet,http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401EFD9153EF930A15754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=allThis picture of outsized industrial self-confidence survived years of questioning from Congress about cost overruns and

delays in the $70 billion project intended to build the Air Force's state-of-the-art fighter jet. Throughout those years, the

program enjoyed the powerful protection of Georgia politicians like Newt Gingrich, the former Speaker of the House

whose district included this Lockheed plant, and Sam Nunn, the former head of the Senate Armed Services Committee.

Without them, Lockheed finds itself on the defensive with Congress, with the House yesterday approving the deletion of

$1.8 billion earmarked to manufacture the first six jets to be used in combat as it went ahead and overwhelmingly

approved the military spending bill for the next fiscal year. It was a defeat for the Pentagon and the manufacturer,

which rarely had encountered a Congress opposed to a military program on the verge of production.

Rifes within the DOD makes F-22s a vulnerable target for cuts

Bob Cox, staff writer, 6/17/08, Star-Telegram, Whats up next for F-35, F-22?, http://www.star-telegram.com/business/story/704902.htmlClear air, politically speaking, appears to lie ahead for the F-35 joint strike fighter program in the wake of Lockheed Martinssuccessful flight test last week of the first redesigned version of the aircraft.The same probably cant be said for Lockheeds F-22 jet after its most vocal proponents in the U.S. Air Force leadership weresacked recently by Defense Secretary Robert Gates.The successful test flight of the F-35B Lightning II short takeoff-verticallanding model on Wednesday prompted a vote of confidence from one senior civilian Pentagon official. John Young,undersecretary of defense for weapons development and acquisition, said in a statement that the flight makes a strongstatement about the progress on the F-35 program despite well publicized delays and technical issues. Young said the JSFprogram is ahead of similar programs in terms of quality, software, testing, and manufacturing readiness. The JSF program hasmany more steps ahead, but todays flight demonstrates the maturity and progress being made on JSF. The F-35B is the shorttakeoff-vertical landing, or STOVL, model of the three versions and is the most challenging technically. In April, Young hadapproved funds to produce six F-35A conventional-takeoff-and-landing models, but withheld funds for six STOVL models

until after the first flight. Young will receive a further briefing by program and Lockheed officials, probably within the nextmonth, including a review of plans for resolving problems discovered in tests of F-35B engines. But barring any new technicalissues with the engine, Young is expected to release funds for the other six aircraft approved in the 2008 budget. Politically,the joint strike fighter is in very good shape, said Loren Thompson, defense analyst with the Lexington Institute and aconsultant to several aerospace and defense companies, including Lockheed. The same cant be said for the F-22. The June 5firings of Air Force Secretary Michael Wynne and Chief of Staff Gen. Michael Moseley, Thompson said, were in large part dueto the increasingly angry debate between the Air Force and senior Pentagon leaders over whether to buy more F-22s. The toneof the discussions between Moseley and, particularly, Deputy Secretary of Defense Gordon England over the F-22 had grownincreasingly tense. The absence of any strong advocates for the F-22, with Moseley and Wynne gone, will be detrimental forthe program, Thompson said.Both programs are important to Lockheeds Fort Worth operation. About 1,800 workersassemble the mid-fuselage of the F-22, while about 4,000 are working on the F-35 with production work just beginning to havean impact on staffing. The F-22 still has strong supporters in Congress who will probably maintain some funding for additionalplanes beyond the 183 now on order in the 2009 budget, but the likelihood of long-term production is dim. Both Gates andEngland are firmly opposed to future orders. And Thompson said it is unlikely, given their past positions, that either Sen. JohnMcCain or Sen. Barack Obama will be champion of the program if elected president.


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F-22 Chopping Block

Lockheeds F-22 Jets have been empirically under spending restraints

Elizabeth Becker, staff writer, 7/23/1999, New York Times, Critics Catch up to a 21 st Century Jet,http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9401EFD9153EF930A15754C0A96F958260&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=all

This picture of outsized industrial self-confidence survived years of questioning from Congress about cost overruns and delaysin the $70 billion project intended to build the Air Force's state-of-the-art fighter jet. Throughout those years, the programenjoyed the powerful protection of Georgia politicians like Newt Gingrich, the former Speaker of the House whose districtincluded this Lockheed plant, and Sam Nunn, the former head of the Senate Armed Services Committee. Without them,Lockheed finds itself on the defensive with Congress, with the House yesterday approving the deletion of $1.8 billionearmarked to manufacture the first six jets to be used in combat as it went ahead and overwhelmingly approved the militaryspending bill for the next fiscal year. It was a defeat for the Pentagon and the manufacturer, which rarely had encountered aCongress opposed to a military program on the verge of production.


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F-22 Chopping Block

Congress has been willing in the past to scrape F-22 fundingJack Shanahan, journalist, 5/22/2000, Baltimore Sun,

With the budget clamp squeezing hard, will House Republicans determine that the F-22 is indeed justified this year, when last

year it was not?PERHAPS THE most unexpected - and intelligent - act by last year's Congress was the vote by the House to cut one of thelargest single items in the federal budget: Construction funds for the Pentagon's F-22 fighter jet. The vote was overwhelming,379 to 45.After the House vote, a highly unusual scenario unfolded as President Clinton joined Senate Republicans in calling for the fullrestoration of F-22 funds. The White House threatened to veto the defense appropriations bill over this issue.In the end, a House-Senate conference committee restored most of the funds for the F-22, with significant restrictions attached.But fiscally conservative House leaders, led by Jerry Lewis, R-Calif., continued to express their displeasure with the F-22program.Faced with unprecedented budget pressures, what will the House do this year?The case for funding the F-22 has not improved since last year's vote. The jet was sold to Congress in 1990 as a replacementfor the F-15 fighter because U.S. military experts believed the Soviet Union was designing new, superior fighter jets. But theSoviet planes never were built. The plans for them collapsed with the Soviet Union.

Thus, the existing 750 active F-15s remain, undeniably, the world's most advanced tactical fighters. And they will remain so,reports the General Accounting Office, through 2015 or later. With at least a 50-1 advantage in modern fighter aircraft overIraq, Iran, China, and other potential adversaries, U.S. air superiority is not in jeopardy.Yet, the Air Force wants to replace the F-15s (which cost $33 million each) with 339 F-22s at a cost of $63 billion, about $187million per plane. It would be by far the most expensive fighter plane ever. And, astonishingly, the F-22 is only one of threenew-generation fighter jets that the Pentagon wants to build in the coming decades, costing a total of $350 billion.In addition to serious questions about the need for the F-22, there is evidence that it will not work as advertised - and anyone intheir right mind would expect Congress to pay close attention to these problems in the wake of the recent tilt-rotor Ospreycrash, which killed 19 Marines. The Osprey was needlessly rushed through Congress by pork-barreling politicians.Fewer than five percent of planned F-22 flight tests have been completed. The GAO, the investigative arm of Congress - whichalso objected to the Opsrey - has reported that the F-22 faces design deficiencies, including faulty brakes, leaky fuel lines andproblems connecting the plane's wings to its body. And questions remain about the F-22's ambitious design, such as its abilityto cruise at supersonic speed with unmatched maneuverability.

Despite these problems, lobbying pressure on behalf of the F-22 has been intense, as it was for the Osprey. After the plane'snear-death experience last year, Lockheed Martin - the prime manufacturer of the jet - went on afterburner into a lobbyingfrenzy.Undoubtedly buoyed by the knowledge that parts for the F-22 are made in 46 states, Lockheed lobbyists visited key lawmakersin their home districts during the congressional recess immediately following the House vote.Lockheed warned that hundreds of jobs would be lost if Congress did not allocate sufficient tax dollars to build the F-22. Infour key cities, Lockheed set up a dazzling computer simulation of the plane's cockpit. The display - basically a video game -promised gee-whiz performanceThis year, lobbying pressure will continue to be intense, but so will budget pressure. The Clinton administration has raised itsrequest for the F-22 from the $2.2 billion allocated last year to an eye-popping $4 billion - enough to build more than 250secondary schools across America.Th F-22 request comes as congressional Republicans are grappling with how to justify their proposal to increase funding forthe Pentagon and education, legislate a tax cut, and - with inflation added - to cut nearly everything else in the discretionary

portion of the budget. And they must deal with this in an election year.With the budget clamp squeezing hard, will House Republicans determine that the F-22 is indeed justified this year, when lastyear it was not?Or will we see an encore to last year's act, in which brave House Republicans - joined this time by the Clinton administrationand a Senate concerned about a repeat of the Osprey disaster - withstand the lobbying pressure and recognize that America hasmuch more pressing budget v priorities than the expensive and unnecessary F-22?


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Funding Trade Off

The Plan will tradeoff with other DOD programs

Kristine E. Blackwell 7, National Defense Fellow Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division

[The Department ofDefense: Reducing Its Reliance on Fossil-Based Aviation Fuel- Issues for Congress, June 15th 2007,http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34062.pdf]

There are several ways in which DOD can reduce its use of fossil-based aviation fuel. Each has advantages and disadvantagesand no single option provides the perfect solution. Advanced technologies, such as synthetic fuels, offer potential alternativesbut further development and study are required before DOD can employ them on a large scale. DOD can also take measures todecrease its use of fuel. Possible options include upgrading aircraft engines and modifying operational procedures. Many ofthese measures, however, are costly and must compete for funding with other operational priorities.

http://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34062.pdfhttp://fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34062.pdf

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Space Trades Off

Air force funding trades off with space funding.

John Hazlehurst 8, writer for Colorado Springs Business Journal

[Air Force's request for more money at center of debate over country's needs, 2/29/08, l/n]

However, Selva's concerns about aging aircraft were confirmed by last November's midair disintegration of a 27 year-old F-15fighter, which literally came apart during a high-G maneuver. Despite injuries, the pilot managed to safely eject. As a result, theentire fleet of F-15s was grounded. The cause of the accident was found to be a cracked longeron (a longitudinal supportmember). Nine other aircraft were found to have similar fatigue cracks. But the service's perceived needs could encountermultiple obstacles. During the next few years, fears about recession, the winding down of the Iraq conflict and rising federal

deficits might substantially affect the overall military budget. Any substantial decrease in the Air Force's budget, or anydiminution or dilution of its role in America's Armed Forces, might be bad news for Colorado Springs. With multiple Air Forceinstallations, as well as the service's crown jewel, the U.S. Air Force Academy, the city's economy is intimately linked to thefortunes of the junior service. But Mike Kazmierski, a retired Army colonel who now heads the Colorado Springs EconomicDevelopment Corp., said that prospective budget changes might conceivably benefit the Springs. "If it's budget shifting, forexample, with more funding to space and cyberspace operations, that could be beneficial," he said. "But if the overall budget

decreases, and we see downsizing, that could dramatically affect us, and our local economy. "


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Funding Key to F-22

F-22s will end without appropriate funding

Aviation Week 8, Space and aviation magazine

[F-35B First Flight Boosts JSF as F-22 Loses Supporters, 6/15/08,http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw061608p2.xml&headline=F-35B%20First%20Flight%20Boosts%20JSF%20as%20F-22%20Loses%20Supporters ]

The timeline for Boeing, which makes the wing and aft fuselage, is even tighter. "Advanced procurement for Lot 10 must beadded to the FY [Fiscal Year] 2009 defense budget this fall to avoid the initiation of shutdown in October 2008," says BobJenkins, Boeing's F-22 business strategy director. Although Lockheed and Boeing are funded to produce aircraft until 2011, thelong-lead suppliers will deliver their last parts as early as mid-2009. The termination threat comes as the program isstabilizing, says Larry Lawson, Lockheed Martin vice president and F-22 program manager. Aircraft are being delivered withzero defects, a month ahead of schedule, and the mission-capable rate of the fleet is running at a "pretty good" 70%, he says.The F-22 has faced termination since February, when the Defense Dept.'s Fiscal 2009 budget request omitted funding for thefighter, leaving its fate to the next administration. Both defense authorization committees proposed plus-ups in order to procuresome long-lead items, but a final decision awaits a negotiation between the House and Senate. The U.S. Air Force added to thepressure for funding by sending a letter to the Senate on June 3 "outlining the potential impact to the F-22 if the decision is not

made by Oct. 31," says Jenkins. Although exact figures are not being disclosed, Jenkins says "a gap of a year and you're talkingclose to a $1-billion impact." Restarting production, and covering supply-chain expenditures, would raise the unit cost of futureaircraft.

Funding is key to development and implementation of F-22

GAO 8, Government Accountability Office

[DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Assessments of Selected Weapon Programs, 3/1/08,http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdf]

The F-22A modernization program has experienced numerous budget decreases and program restructurings that have resultedin delaying the planned implementation of the development increments by 3 years. Since fiscal year 2002, the F- 22Asmodernization budget has been decreased by nearly $330 million. Some of these decreases were the result of congressionalbudget cuts. However, more than 50 percent of the decreases can be attributed to program restructuring by the Air Force andthe Office of the Secretary of Defense. In its fiscal year 2008 budget submission to Congress, the Air Force requested $743

million in development funding for F-22A modernization. The conference reports accompanying the 2008 National Departmentof Defense Authorization Act, and Defense Appropriations Act both recommended providing the F-22A modernizationprogram with $611 million, about $132 million less than requested. Program officials indicated that this decrease in fundingrequired changes to minimize the impact on the planned modernization program.

http://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw061608p2.xml&headline=F-35B%20First%20Flight%20Boosts%20JSF%20as%20F-22%20Loses%20Supportershttp://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw061608p2.xml&headline=F-35B%20First%20Flight%20Boosts%20JSF%20as%20F-22%20Loses%20Supportershttp://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw061608p2.xml&headline=F-35B%20First%20Flight%20Boosts%20JSF%20as%20F-22%20Loses%20Supportershttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdfhttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdfhttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdfhttp://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw061608p2.xml&headline=F-35B%20First%20Flight%20Boosts%20JSF%20as%20F-22%20Loses%20Supportershttp://www.aviationweek.com/aw/generic/story_generic.jsp?channel=awst&id=news/aw061608p2.xml&headline=F-35B%20First%20Flight%20Boosts%20JSF%20as%20F-22%20Loses%20Supportershttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdf

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Funding Key To Air Force

Budget cuts severely weaken air force

AP 8, Associated Press

[Service wants more money a lot more for coveted planes, 2/18/08, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23223286/]

Air Force officials are warning that unless their budget is increased dramatically, and soon, the military's high-flying branchwon't dominate the skies as it has for decades. After more than seven years of war in Afghanistan and Iraq, the Air Force'saging jet fighters, bombers, cargo aircraft and gunships are at the breaking point, they say, and expensive, ultramodernreplacements are needed fast. "What we've done is put the requirement on the table that says, 'If we're going to do the missionsyou're going to ask us to do, it will require this kind of investment,'" Maj. Gen. Paul Selva, the Air Force's director of strategicplanning, said in an interview "Failing that, we take what is already a geriatric Air Force," Selva said, "and we drive it foranother 20 years into an area of uncertainty." An extra $20 billion each year over the next five beginning with an Air Forcebudget of about $137 billion in 2009 instead of the $117 billion proposed by the Bush administration would solve thatproblem, according to Selva and other senior Air Force officers. Yet the prospects for huge infusions of cash seem dim.Congress is expected to boost the 2009 budget, but not to the level urged by the Air Force. In the years that follow, a possiblerecession, a rising federal deficit and a distaste for higher taxes all portend a decline in defense spending regardless of which

party wins the White House in November. "The Air Force is going to be confronting a major procurement crisis because it can'tbuy all the things that it absolutely needs," said Dov Zakheim, a former Pentagon comptroller. "It's going to force us to rethink,yet again, what is the strategy we want? What can we give up?"

Decrease in funding critically weakens the air force.

Mackenzie Eaglen 7, SeniorPolicy Analyst for National Security

[Airmen vs. Modernization: The Air Force Budget Dilemma, 5/18/07, http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm]

Choosing between aircraft modernization and force sizing is not occurring in a vacuum as airframes are wearing out quickerthan anticipated. Declining readiness combined with an aging fleet and reduced buying power is causing a tradeoff in long-termmodernization programs. If the Air Force continues modernization at the expense of its personnel under the current budgetaryconstraints, both will continue to suffer. Replacing older aircraft with new ones is yet another challenge facing the Air Forcetoday. The Air Force has approximately 6,000 aircraft and is buying about 60 new airplanes per year--a 100-year rate of

recapitalization. The Air Force is "now the oldest of all the services."[31]The Air Force also needs to purchase next-gen erationaircraft because the next war will not look like the last war. General Moseley remarked that U.S. aircraft "will face threats"from "increasingly lethal anti-access systems, weapons, sophisticated integrated air defense systems, enhanced surface-to-airmissiles, advanced fighters, avionics, and air-to-air missiles." He offered a stark assessment of the future if procurement doesnot occur in greater numbers, noting that the U.S. air fleet is "at a point of obsolescence vis--vis these emerg ing threats ."

http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn31#_ftn31http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn31#_ftn31

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F-22 Good Security

The F-22 Jets are designed from cutting edge technology necessary for US security in the skies


On the outside, the flat, almost blunt silhouette of the F-22 has little of the futuristic look of the B-2 stealth bomber.Inside, inthe cockpit, however, it has the feel of a video game in which approaching enemy aircraft are tracked on a computer screen asred triangles, easily distinguishable from the green squares representing the ''friendlies'' and the pale yellow oblongs indicatingplanes with unknown loyalties. ''Use the cursor like a mouse and see who he is,'' said C. L. Buzze, a former Air Force pilot andnow the F-22 advanced product representative, as he manipulated the levers of a facsimile of an F-22 cockpit. The cursor slidover the triangle and immediately identified the enemy plane as a fighter jet from the Russian fleet. When the plane came inrange, the command ''Shoot'' appeared on the screen, and with a flick of a switch, a white tail slithered across the screen hittinga dot that exploded into a small fiery ball. But if the plane passes all of its tests during the next three to four years, officials saythat the expensive stealth features built into nearly every part of the plane will insure that the F-22 image on an enemy radar isso reduced that it is unlikely to be detected before the it attacks. And according to Lockheed officials, the F-22's supersoniccruising speed, and technical advances will enable the F-22 pilot to take the first shot in an aerial duel. The aviation electronicsystem in the cockpit, where data are collected, integrated and instantly compiled on the screen, is one of fighter jet's biggestselling points. Many modern fighter jets have the F22's capabilities but none compile it and integrate it on one single screen.


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F-22 Good China

F-22 contains Chinese military threat

Reuters 8, International News Agency

[Air Force shakeup may spur spending shifts, 6/9/08,http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN0832331720080609 ]

Gates has argued that the F-22, the top U.S. dogfighter, is "principally for use against a near peer," Pentagon code words forChina and Russia, potential threats he deems years away. Gates' spending priorities have not always matched those of the AirForce, which had pushed for an average of $20 billion a year more than was budgeted over the next five years. Air Force Gen.Bruce Carlson, who heads a command responsible for developing and testing new systems, said in February the Air Forcewould go on pushing for the coveted F-22s, optimized for knocking out advanced air defenses. "Most people say in the futurethere will be a Chinese element to whatever we do," he told reporters on February 13. In Carlson's remarks, "Gates correctlydetected a lack of willingness among Air Force leaders to follow his policies on F-22 fighters," said Loren Thompson of theLexington Institute, noted for his close ties to the Pentagon and industry. Adding to the friction was a perception the Air Forcewas quietly lobbying Congress to extend the F-22 production line, a decision Gates has left to the next U.S. president who willbe elected on November 4. The Pentagon, in its last major strategy review, in 2006, said China had the greatest potential "tocompete militarily with the United States and field disruptive military technologies that could over time offset traditional U.S.military advantages absent U.S. counter strategies."

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F-22 Good Terror

THE F-22'S SUPERIOR CAPABILITIES ARE KEY TO WINNING THE WAR ON TERROR

Al Gibbs 4, Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, 3-30-04, Federal Document Clearing House, p. L/NAs indicated earlier, joint warfighting success in the Global War on Terrorism has been possible in part due to superior weapons

capabilities. New weapon systems are the tools of combat capability that enable our combatant commanders to respond quickly toconflicts in support of national security objectives. The FY 2005 Total Force new mission military construction program consists of 45projects, totaling more than $403 million. These projects support a number of weapons systems; two of special significance are theF/A-22 Raptor and the C-17 Globemaster III. The F/A 22 Raptor is the Air Force's next generation air superiority and ground attackfighter. F/A-22 flight training and maintenance training will be conducted at Tyndall AFB, Florida, and Sheppard AFB, Texas,respectively. Our FY 2005 military construction request includes two F/A-22 projects at Tyndall AFB for $19 million, and one F/A-22project at Sheppard AFB totaling $21 million.


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F-22 Good Air Power

THE F-22 IS KEY TO AIR POWER

General Ryan 99, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force, 10-5-99, Omaha World Herald, p. L/NThat's why it was such a surprise when the House Appropriations subcommittee summarily removed production funding for the F-22.

Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen has called the F-22 "the cornerstone of our nation's air power in the 21st century." In ournation's conflicts, we will be asked to lead the fight into the heart of the enemy's air defenses, to ensure air superiority for our soldiers,sailors, Marines and Air Force personnel. We will be asked to own the sky; we should not ask our aviators to do it with anything butfirst-rate equipment. That's the F-22 Raptor.

NO PLANE IS NEARLY AS ESSENTIAL TO US AIRPOWER AS THE F-22

Major General Bolton 2k, Program Executive Officer for Fighter and Bomber Programs in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of theAir Force, 2-22-00, Federal Document Clearing House, p. L/NThose aircraft threats, coupled with increasingly more sophisticated and lethal surface-to-air missiles, have dramatically increased theimportance of the F-22's capabilities. The new fighter will bring together in a single package four capabilities no other fighter systemin the world possesses: the ability to fly supersonically without the use of afterburners, or what is called supercruise; stealth design;greater maneuverability at supersonic speeds; and an integrated avionics package designed to present better and clearer information to

the pilot.

THE F-22 IS KEY TO U.S AIR POWER THE ONE THING THAT MAINTAINS US MILITARY SUPREMACY

Washington Times, 8-8-99, p. L/N

Scanning the troops and materiel stretched across the Normandy beaches in 1944, Gen. Dwight Eisenhower, according to Air Forcehistorian Richard Hallion, remarked, "If I didn't have air supremacy, I wouldn't be here." Lexington Institute analyst Loren Thompson,who teaches in Georgetown's National Security Studies Program, recently observed, "Not a single U.S. soldier has been killed byenemy aircraft since the Korean War." The reason? The United States has always maintained air superiority. Whether such airdominance will continue well into the next century is now an open question. The House of Representatives recently diverted $1.8billion in production funds from the Air Force's F-22 fighter program to other areas in the defense budget, some of which,coincidentally, would benefit the districts of several representatives who led the charge against the F-22. The funds would have

financed the first six F-22 Raptor aircraft. Secretary of Defense William Cohen objected to the diversion, noting, "This decision, ifenacted, would for all practical purposes kill the F-22 program, the cornerstone of our nation's air power in the 21st century."


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F-22 Good Air Power

F-22s KEY TO AIRPOWER

Virginian-Pilot 2, 5-31-02, p. L/NBut in remarks to reporters at Langley Thursday, Air Force Brig. Gen. William J. Jabour stood in the shadow of a test Raptor and

defended the jet, lauding its "ability to penetrate enemy airspace unheard of before." The F-22 should be all but invisible to enemyradars and operate at supersonic speeds without the use of afterburners, according to Air Force officials. Jabour, who is responsible forthe purchase of the F-22, said he remains convinced that the Air Force still needs at least 339 of the planes. Andwhatever their air power, officials say, those countries will be able to buy advanced surface-to-air missiles that only a stealthy planelike the F- 22 will be able to avoid. Michael E. O'Hanlon, a senior fellow at The Brookings Institution, agrees in part, saying the F-22is now "the only candidate for next-generation air-to-air combat."

F-22S ARE KEY TO DETERRENCE AND US AIR SUPREMACY

JackKelly 4, Staff Writer, 7-13-04, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, p. L/NLoren Thompson, an analyst for the Lexington Institute, a think tank funded chiefly by defense contractors, said the results of theCope India exercise make it plain that the Air Force needs a new fighter. And Rep. Randy Cunningham, R-Calif., a former navalaviator, is a big fan of the F-22 Raptor. "I had the opportunity to fly against the F-22," he said. "The only way I could catch it in my F-15, even in full afterburner, was in a turn. The F-22 is an amazingly capable fighter that is going to insure America's air superiority in

the years ahead." Thompson figures that "without air superiority, we can't do anything else." But he conceded that "you can probablydo without hundreds of lower-end fighters." Krepinovich, on the other side of the argument, made a concession, as well. Heacknowledged that the Air Force probably should develop a small, "silver bullet" force of F-22s. "It has an intimidation effect," hesaid. "It tells the rest of the word: don't even bother challenging the U.S. in air superiority."

The F-22 Jets necessary for US security in the skies


On the outside, the flat, almost blunt silhouette of the F-22 has little of the futuristic look of the B-2 stealth bomber.Inside, inthe cockpit, however, it has the feel of a video game in which approaching enemy aircraft are tracked on a computer screen asred triangles, easily distinguishable from the green squares representing the ''friendlies'' and the pale yellow oblongs indicatingplanes with unknown loyalties. ''Use the cursor like a mouse and see who he is,'' said C. L. Buzze, a former Air Force pilot and

now the F-22 advanced product representative, as he manipulated the levers of a facsimile of an F-22 cockpit. The cursor slidover the triangle and immediately identified the enemy plane as a fighter jet from the Russian fleet. When the plane came inrange, the command ''Shoot'' appeared on the screen, and with a flick of a switch, a white tail slithered across the screen hittinga dot that exploded into a small fiery ball. But if the plane passes all of its tests during the next three to four years, officials saythat the expensive stealth features built into nearly every part of the plane will insure that the F-22 image on an enemy radar isso reduced that it is unlikely to be detected before the it attacks. And according to Lockheed officials, the F-22's supersoniccruising speed, and technical advances will enable the F-22 pilot to take the first shot in an aerial duel. The aviation electronicsystem in the cockpit, where data are collected, integrated and instantly compiled on the screen, is one of fighter jet's biggestselling points. Many modern fighter jets have the F22's capabilities but none compile it and integrate it on one single screen.


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Air Power Good Hegemony

High level air power key to United States hegemony.

Thomas Donelly, Research fellow at the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Rebuilding Americas Defenses,2000 http://www.informationclearinghouse.info/pdf/RebuildingAmericasDefenses.pdf)

The reconstitution of the stateside Air Force as a large-scale, warfighting force will complicate the services plans to reconfigure itselffor the purposes of expeditionary operations. But the proliferation of overseas bases should reduce many, if not all, of the burdens ofrotational contingency operations. Because of its inherent mobility and flexibility, the Air Force will be the first U.S. military force toarrive in a theater during times of crisis; as such, the Air Force must retain its ability to deploy and sustain sufficient numbers ofaircraft to deter wars and shape any conflict in its earliest stages. Indeed, it is the Air Force, along with the Army, that remains the coreof Americas ability to apply decisive military power when its pleases. To dissipate this ability to deliver a rapid hammer blow is tolose the key component of American military preeminence.

F-22s ARE KEY TO HEGEMONY

FrankDudney 4, Editor in Chief of Air Force Magazine, 3-31-04, U.S. Newswire, p. L/NSome critics say the Raptor should be de-emphasized in favor of future unmanned combat air vehicles, other fighters, or space- based

systems. That position is not favored by most defense professionals. In a July 22, 1999, pro-F/A-22 letter to Congress, seven formerSecretaries of Defense argued thus: "It is not enough to say that something better may be available in the future. Something better isalways available in the future. Serious threats to American air superiority may arise sooner, and the nation's security cannot tolerate aloss of command of the air. Congress and the Administration must focus on this fundamental reality and fully fund the nation's onlytruly stealthy air superiority fighter." One of the seven signatories was Donald Rumsfeld.

OUR AIR POWER IS THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THE US MILITARY

FrankRecord, Senior Fellow @ Georgia Tech Center for International Strategy, 5-6-96, The Atlanta Journal and ConstitutionAerospace power has been a and will continue to be a the single most important component of U.S. military strength in the post-industrial age. It is essential that the United States preserve as large a margin of superiority as possible in areospace technology. The F22 program embodies that imperative.


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Air Power Good Military

Air superiority is key to military superiority

Gen. Ryan 99, Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force, 10-5-99, Omaha World Herald, p. L/NNATO and the United States completed a victorious air campaign in Yugoslavia. As in Desert Storm, almost a decade earlier, the

conditions for victory were set because we owned the sky: We had air superiority. Air superiority is not just control of an enemy'saircraft; it is domination of all of an enemy's air capabilities - command and control, communications, radar, surface-to-air missiles,airfields, munitions and infrastructure. Air superiority is the state of military air affairs that provides freedom from attack and freedomto attack, not just for air forces, but for land and naval forces as well. In Desert Storm, the conditions were set by air superiority forland forces to succeed in fewer than 100 hours. In Kosovo, conditions were set for victory without having to use land forces in battle.Not since early World War II have American fighting forces been subjected to intense aerial attack. In the early 1970s, we beganproducing the F-15 aircraft to ensure air superiority for all our forces. That was more than a quarter of a century ago, and the F-15 iswearing out - both physically and technologically.

AIR POWER IS KEY TO OVERALL MILITARY EFFECTIVENESS

Maj. Gen. Bolton, Program Executive Officer for Fighter and Bomber Programs in the Office of the Assistant Secretary of the AirForce, 2-22-00,Federal Document Clearing House, p. L/N"Maintaining our air superiority and air dominance is No. 1 for us because it is the enabler for everything else we do," said Bolton. "It

allows us to prosecute our war plans and allows our Army and Navy colleagues to do what they need to do without worrying aboutwho is flying over them."


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Air Power Good Terror

AIR POWER IS KEY TO U.S. MILITARY DOMINANCE AND ENDING TERRORISM

Chris Lundy, Research Associate at the Council of Foreign Relations, 1-13-02, Los Angeles Times, p. L/NU.S. air power is flying high for its role in the war against terrorism. And it should be. The combat performance of U.S. aircraft was

largely responsible for our quick and decisive victory in Afghanistan. It can even be said that air power, as an instrument of militarypower, has turned a corner, at long last realizing the dreams of some strategic thinkers who regarded air war as a civilizing forcebecause it could shorten conflicts. Yet, all this success shouldn't rush to the heads of policymakers, who may be tempted to use airpower to pursue ambitious--and risky--goals abroad. Some analysts, policymakers and politicians already believe that air power canfight and win our conflicts. In the Dec. 3 issue of Newsweek, Fareed Zakaria wrote that many in the Pentagon remain trapped in land-power nostalgia. He urged them to face the facts that bombing works. Similarly, Sen. Trent Lott (R-Miss.) has complained that we"underestimate the impact that air power can have." Lawrence J. Korb, assistant secretary of defense in the Reagan administration,notes there is "a tendency among our political leaders to view air power as a cheap and easy military solution to all our foreign policyproblems."

Air power is necessary to effective counter-terrorism

RAND, Project Air Force Annual Report, 2003, http://www.rand.org/pubs/annual_reports/2005/AR7089.pdfThe war on terrorism is more likely to be a long-term effort in which the use of force, at least by U.S. military personnel, is only

sporadic and successful military operations will resemble counterinsurgency operations. The primary role of U.S. military forces willoften be indirect and supportive. U.S. forces will be called upon to train, equip, advise, and assist host-country forces in rooting outterrorist groups; forge strong relationships with host-country personnel; show great discretion in their conduct of operations; andmaintain a low pro- file in the host country. They will be able to react swiftly and effectively when promising targets arise. The AirForce, then, should expect sustained heavy demand to provide important capabilities, assets, and skill sets to support counterterrorismoperations abroad. Chief contributions will include surveillance platforms, operators, and analysts; language-qualified personnel tohelp train and advise host-country forces and to analyze human intelligence; security police and other force-protection assets; baseoperating support personnel and equipment to provide communications, housing, and transportation; heliborne insertion and extractioncapabilities; and humanitarian relief assets. In some cases, U.S. airpower may be called upon to strike terrorists in base camps,hideouts, vehicles, and other locations.


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Air Power Good Middle East

Air force essential to progress in the Middle East

Mackenzie Eaglen 7, SeniorPolicy Analyst for National Security

[Airmen vs. Modernization: The Air Force Budget Dilemma, 5/18/07, http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm]

In this tightening fiscal environment, the Air Force continues to reduce various programs while the other services are increasinglyrelying on additional airlift capacity. Demands for airlift include helping to remove convoys from dangerous routes in Iraq, pro vidingforces with extended logistics reach, and pene trating deeper into terrorist havens in Afghanistan . General Norton Schwartz,commander of U.S. Transportation Command, recently highlighted the impor tance of airlift, stating that a "distributed fight," such asin Afghanistan, requires airlift because missions often "cannot be effectively prosecuted from main operating bases."[8]GeneralMoseley recently said that the need for strategic airlift is expected to increase, which means that the C-5 modernization program"makes more sense now than ever."[9]The demand for airlift goes well beyond current military operations in Iraq and Afghanistan.Admiral William J. Fallon, commander of U.S. Pacific Command from February 2005 to March 2007, noted that the command'sposture is affected by the "shortage of responsive strategic air and ship lift to support force sustainment and deployment to oper atingareas."[10]While the airlift requirements continue unabated, the Air Force is dramatically cutting endstrength to free funding forcompeting priorities. Secretary Wynne said that the 2008 budget is "so delicately balanced" that there is no room to free an extra $2

billion for strategic airlift even as senior Air Force officials acknowledge that current plans for airlift will not meet the needs of theU.S. Army and Marine Corps.[11]

http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn8#_ftn8http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn8#_ftn8http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn9#_ftn9http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn10#_ftn10http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn11#_ftn11http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn11#_ftn11http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn8#_ftn8http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn9#_ftn9http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn10#_ftn10http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2037.cfm#_ftn11#_ftn11

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Air Power Good Koreas

Air Power is vital for continued stability in the Korea peninsula

Dr. Bruce E. Bechtol Jr. 5, Air & Space Power Journal

[The Future of U.S. Airpower on the Korean Peninsula, Fall, http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj05/fal05/bechtol.html]

Transformation has come to the Korean Peninsula. The Global Posture Review has prompted a major reduction in the number ofground forces in Korea, and plans call for a withdrawal of 12,500 American troops from Korea (mostly ground forces) by the end of2008. In addition, Headquarters Command for United States Forces Korea/Combined Forces Command is scheduled to move most ofits infrastructure and personnel south, to Camp Humphries (near the city of Pyongtaek) during the same time period.25 The primaryAmerican ground forces in Korea, the 2d Infantry Division, should transform into a next-generation combat unit during the summer of2005, becoming a unit of employment X two years ahead of schedule.26 Furthermore, numerous command and funding issues in theROK-US alliance will remain in flux during completion of the ongoing moves, but a discussion of those matters lies beyond the scopeof this article. One must then consider the question of how all of this affects the role of airpower on the Korean Peninsula. The answeris obvious. The ROK-US alliance will now rely more than ever on the unique capabilities of US airpower to deter the North Koreanthreat. In fact, with all of the effort under way to reorganize US Army forces on the peninsula and move ground-combat units,headquarters facilities, and personnel south, the disposition of US Air Force units has remained relatively unchanged. Gen LeonLaPorte, commander of US Forces Korea, recently stated that the mission of our forces in Korea remains clear (despite taking on a

regional role): to defend South Korea against an attack from the North. He also discussed US plans to improve combat capabilities byspending $11 billion over the next three years and to establish five or six Stryker brigades focused on the Pacific region that coulddeploy to Korea quickly.27 But US forcesespecially airpowerremain the best way of enhancing security on the Korean PeninsulaIndeed, in 2003 former Georgetown University professor (and current senior member of the National Security Council) Victor Chaobserved that the most reasonable arrangement for the alliance would entail an increased emphasis on US naval and airpower presencewith a reduction in ground forces. We are now seeing this happen.28 The threat from North Korea has evolved but remains no lessominous either to US interests or to those of Washingtons important allies South Korea and Japan. Because the threat and geopoliticasituation in Asia have changed and, perhaps just as important, because the US military is now transforming, traditional paradigmsregarding how we face threats throughout the world no longer apply in many casessuch as Korea. Although a large, forward-deployed ground presence on the Korean Peninsula may no -longer be necessary, providing military support to the ROK-US allianceremains as important as ever. In fact, the deterrence provided by a strong airpower presence continues to have an effect on ourenemies, as evidenced by a manual published by the North Korean Peoples Army in 2004, which warns that the United States willtarget North Koreas military leadership during a time of war.29 The types of US forces that support freedom in South Korea have

changed, but Washingtons commitment to the security of that country has not. For the foreseeable future, airpower will continue toplay a major (and now a more prominent) role on the Korean Peninsula.


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Air Power Good Deterrence

Air Power has an amazing deterrence effect due to its capabilities of quick mission accomplishment and minimal casualties

Martin Anderburg 2k, Captain of the 2nd Division of F-10 Skane Wing in the Swedish Air Force,

[Air Power, Baltic Link 2000, 8-4-00, http://www.mil.se/pfp/baltlink/exairp.html]

Among military instruments is air power. Air power is inherently flexible and today's multi-role aircraft may be used for a variety oftasks. Indeed, a swing-role capability facilitates a change of role during a sortie. Air power is also responsive in nature, which derivesfrom its characteristics of versatility, speed, range and ubiquity. In international operations this means that air power can be deployedrapidly from its home base and undertake operations almost immediately. This characteristic also facilitates fast withdrawal from anarea if it is decided at the political level that the military operation no longer promotes the national/international objectives. Thispossibility is also very valuable as a mean to avoid escalation. Air power assets may be based at long distance from the area of conflicbecause of their great reach. The capability of every unit is such that only a limited number is required to present a significant militaryforce. These characteristics put together implies a reduction in the number of own combatants at risk and in lower operational costsPrecise navigation equipment and precision weapons result in minimum collateral damage, including enemy civilians and armedforces. Such considerations are of increasing concern to democratic governments in military operations. Furthermore, air power doesnot give the belligerents the possibility to take international military forces hostage. In psychological terms, air power has what isusually referred to as a secondary effect through deterrence. Air power is, because of its characteristics, very good at projectingmilitary power fast. It might thus be a valuable resource for deterring belligerents from continued fighting.


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F-22 Funding Low

The DoD is about to cut funding for the F-22.

Reuters, International News Agency, 6/9/08, Air Force shakeup may spur spending shiftshttp://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSN0832331720080609

The ouster of the Air Force's top two officials may spur even more Pentagon spending on equipment for current wars and endproduction of pricey F-22 jets designed for potential conflicts with countries such as China. Defense Secretary Robert Gatesforced the resignations of Air Force Secretary Michael Wynne and Chief of Staff Gen. Michael Moseley on Thursday aftergaffes involving nuclear and missile security. The Air Force's accidental shipping of ballistic-missile fuses to Taiwan may havebeen the last straw amid strains over acquisition priorities, remotely piloted vehicles and other friction about post-Iraq needs,experts on the military said. Starting months ago, Gates had singled out the Air Force's top-of-the-line Lockheed Martin CorpF-22 Raptor fighter jet as a prime example of what he deemed misplaced military priorities. "The reality is we are fighting twowars, in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the F-22 has not performed a single mission in either theater," Gates told a Senatecommittee in February. He later urged all the services to send more remotely piloted planes, such as General Atomics' Predator,to the battlefield, a step that feeds surveillance video to troops in real time. Under Wynne and Moseley, the Air Force hadsought to buy 381 radar-evading F-22s -- more than twice as many as the 183 budgeted by the Defense Department. The F-22costs more than $132 million apiece. Dov Zakheim, who retired as the Pentagon's chief financial officer in 2004, said the AirForce shake-up would prompt the Army, Navy and Marine Corps to rethink their big-ticket acquisition plans as well to make

sure they met Gates' goals. "What just happened underscores the secretary's concern that the (Defense) department pursueprograms that are most relevant to the kinds of wars that he expects the United States to continue to fight," Zakheim said in atelephone interview.


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Trade Off Now

Defense budget already capped F-22s at 183

BakerSpring 8, F.M. Kirby Research Fellow in National Security Policy, The Kathryn and Shelby Cullom Davis Institute forInternational Studies

[The FY 2009 Defense Budget Request: The Growing Gap in Defense Spending, 2/25/08,http://www.heritage.org/Research/NationalSecurity/bg2110.cfm ]

In the 1980s, procurement consumed more than 70 percent of the modernization budget. The core defense budget for FY 2009would still leave pro curement at only slightly more than 60 percent . (See Chart 6.) As a result, essential new weapons programsmust be stretched out, which increases unit costs, reduces the numbers of new weapons available to the military, and preventstheir timely delivery. For example: Although Congress is seeking to remedy this problem, the Navy has been forced to reduceconstruction of Virginia-class submarines to one per year even though constructing two per year would reduce the unit cost to$2 billion per boat.[13] The Air Force has been forced to scale back its purchasing of F-22 Raptor tactical fightersdramatically. It is now slated to obtain just 183 F-22s despite its requirement for 381.[14] The Army has been forced to extendthe production time for its Future Combat System by four years.[15]

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Trade Off Inevitable

Oil price fluctuations cause trade offs in established budgets for force modernization

Lawerence Spinetta 6, Fuel hedging: lessons from the airlines, Air Force Journal of Logistics, Fall 2006,http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0IBO/is_3_30/ai_n27099563

The Air Force is not concerned with profitability, but it is concerned with managing shocks to its budget from price volatilityFluctuations in the price of oil adversely affect the Air Force's ability to ensure the necessary funds are available to finance forcemodernization and fund operations. The timeline of the federal government budget cycle requires the Office of the Under Secretary oDefense (the Comptroller) to estimate and establish a stabilized price for fuel and other fuel-related commodities 18 months inadvance of budget execution. Figure 1 diagrams the Defense Department's budget process as related to fuel. Not surprisingly, pricesset by the Comptroller often prove wildly inaccurate. For example, last year the Pentagon's forecast was so inaccurate that it had to seta revised oil price that was 50 percent higher than the original price. (16) The problem is that the Services' budgets use inaccurateforecasts and make budgeting decisions based on prices that are not representative of actual costs (see Figure 2).

Trade offs are occurring now

Ivan Eland 8, Director of Center of Peace and Liberty, The Independent Institute

[Can the Air Force be Reformed? 6/28/08, http://www.antiwar.com/eland/?articleid=13059]

The one thing that could be done to at least loosen the grip of the military-industrial-congressional complex is to require the AirForce to drop excessively unique military specifications for components of weapon systems and instead use commercialcomponents or slight variations thereof. Letting commercial non-defense companies which are not part of the dedicateddefense industry dependent on government largesse compete for defense subcontracts would lessen the pressure to buyunneeded weapon systems. If subcontractors had commercial business to fall back on when defense procurement was slow,there would be less pressure for the Air Force and Congress to buy unneeded systems to keep the welfare queens of thededicated defense subcontracting industry aloft. However, this reform, even if adopted, would have an effect only over thelong-term. Thus, despite the secretary's dramatic personnel changes, don't expect to see a different Air Force soon.


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Funding Irrelevant

Air force wastes majority of money that would tradeoff

John Hazlehurst 8, writer for Colorado Springs Business Journal

[Air Force's request for more money at center of debate over country's needs, 2/29/08, l/n]

With the release of the proposed 2009 defense budget, the three branches of the armed services are already clamoring for moremoney. But of the three, the Air Force's list is particularly long - and particularly pricey. President George W. Bush's proposedbudget calls for $144 billion in funding for the Air Force, but that's not enough, say Air Force planners. They're asking for anadditional $18.75 billion, more than double the combined unfunded requests of the Army and the Marines. The bulk of therequests are driven by the Air Force's fleet - what Maj. Gen Paul Selva, the Air Force's director of strategic planning, calls "ageriatric air force. " The Air Force Association, an independent nonprofit organization that promotes "public understanding ofaerospace power and the pivotal role it plays in the security of the nation," has called for allocating an extra $20 billionannually to the Air Force during the next 20 years. But critics argue that the Air Force squanders vast amounts of money onadvanced weapons systems of limited utility. They say that new weapons systems such as the F-22 and the F-35 are built tocombat a threat that no longer exists in a post-Cold War world.

Funding not critical to air force operations

AP 8, Associated Press

[Service wants more money a lot more for coveted planes, 2/19/08, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/23223286/]

The Air Force's distress is partly self-inflicted, says Steve Kosiak of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments inWashington. The F-22 Raptor and F-35 Lightning, the new jet fighters that will supplant the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Falcon, havedrastically higher price tags than their predecessors and require a bigger chunk of the defense budget. "One of the reasons theirequipment has aged so much is because they continue to move ahead with the development and presumed acquisition of newweapon systems that cost two to three times as much as the systems they are replacing," Kosiak said. "It's like replacing aToyota with a Mercedes."It's not as if the Air Force has gone without any new airplanes. The B-2 Spirit stealth bomber, the C-17 Globemaster airlifter and the CV-22 tilt-rotor, which flies like a helicopter or an airplane, have all been added since the mid-1990s.The Air Force also is planning to spend between $30 billion and $40 billion over the next 15 years for new refuelingtankers. A contract is expected to be awarded soon. Those new tankers, however, won't be flying until 2013.The Air Force isn'talone in wanting more money, but its appetite is far greater than the other military branches. Shortly after President Bush

submitted his defense plan for the 2009 budget year, which begins Oct. 1, each service outlined for Congress what it felt wasleft out. The Air Force's "wish list" totaled $18.8 billion, almost twice as much as the other three services combined."There's nojustification for it. Period. End of story," said Gordon Adams, a former Clinton administration budget official who specializesin defense issues. "Until someone constrains these budget requests, the hunger for more will charge ahead unchecked."


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F-22 Fail Air Power

F-22 unnecessary US has air superiority.

Lawrence J. Korb 5, Senior fellow at the Center for American Progress and a senior adviser to the Center for Defense Information

[The Best Weapons Money Can Buy, 8/13/05,http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/08/b837247_ct1327177.html ]

There is no doubt that even with the defense budget at historical highs, the Pentagon cannot afford the $1.5 trillion worth ofweapons that the military services would like to purchase. However, although the Defense Department is correct in trying toslash the F/A-22, it is dead wrong in trying to save money by canceling the Joint Strike Fighter. The F/A-22 Raptor is the mostunnecessary weapon system being built by the Pentagon. In fact, Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld tried to do away withit in the summer of 2002 but backed off when his Air Force secretary threatened to resign over the issue. It was originallydesigned to achieve air superiority over Soviet fighter jets, which will never be built. In 1985, the Air Force claimed that itcould build about 750 of these stealth fighters for $26 billion. Over the last 20 years, the cost of the total program hascontinued to grow even as the number of planes to be purchased has declined. Just a year ago, the Air Force said it couldpurchase 275 Raptors for $72 billion. Now, the Pentagon says it can buy 179 planes for about $64 billion, raising the price perplane by about $100 million for an unnecessary aircraft. The performance of the current generation of Air Force fighters inAfghanistan and Iraq makes it clear that the Air Force already has the capability to achieve air superiority against all enemies.The Taliban, Al Qaeda and Iraqi insurgents do not have jet fighters for the Raptor to conquer. The Air Force has recognized

this and has added a ground attack or bombing mission to the Raptor. But using the world's most expensive fighter,which travels at twice the speed of sound, for attacking ground targets is neither cost-effective nor technically practical.

http://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/08/b837247_ct1327177.htmlhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/08/b837247_ct1327177.htmlhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/08/b837247_ct1327177.htmlhttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/2005/08/b837247_ct1327177.html

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F-22 Fail Timeframe

F-22 will not be ready until 2013.

Government Accountability Office (GAO), 3/1/08, DEFENSE ACQUISITIONS Assessments of Selected Weapon Programshttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdf

The Air Force originally planned to field the enhanced F-22A capabilities in three development increments to be completed in2010. However, due to numerous funding decreases, schedule slips, and changes in requirements and work content in eachincrement, the last increment will not be integrated on the F-22A until 2013, 3 years later than planned. The program hasachieved less than 30 percent design maturity for its first major increment. The Air Force also plans to integrate additionalcapabilities beyond the current three planned increments in a separate Acquisition Category I program.

http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdfhttp://www.gao.gov/new.items/d08467sp.pdf

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F-22 Fail Engineering

F-22s faces initial engineering issues

John A. Tirpak, executive editor of Airforce Magazine, 9/2002, Airforce Magazine, F-22 on the Line,http://www.afa.org/magazine/sept2002/0902raptor.asp

OtherF-22 problems that have made headlines--a brake overheating issue and wing vortex that threatened to damagethe vertical stabilizers--have been largely resolved, Jabour said. "We are gathering more data" on the stabilizer issue, but a fixinvolving a beefed up rudder actuator and some strengthening of some of the ribs in the rudder should do the trick, he said. Thechange will not affect the mold line of the airplane--its external shape--nor will it affect the F-22's stealthiness. The brake issuehas been looked at, and the aircraft has been cleared for hot-pit refueling--meaning that ground crews are allowed to refuel theairplane when the brakes are still hot, and this is not considered especially dangerous. An F-22 a few months ago showed itsmettle when it absorbed a bird strike, Jabour noted. On takeoff from Lockheed Martin's Marietta, Ga., plant, he said,

the aircraft collided with a "nine-pound bird," but the pilot reported that he could feel "no change in engine

performance" and landed merely as a precaution.


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F-22 Fail Software

Software issues threaten to hurt F-22 jet efficiency and production

John A. Tirpak, executive editor of Airforce Magazine, 9/2002, Airforce Magazine, F-22 on the Line,http://www.afa.org/magazine/sept2002/0902raptor.asp

In another example, Rearden noted that all the power cables, hydraulics, cooling hoses, and other umbilicals that usually haveto be connected to an airplane in assembly will now flow from a single "vault" in the floor beneath each station, reducingaccidents and disconnections and saving time as the line moves. The F-22's software problems coincided with a brain drain thathit the aerospace industry in the late 1990s, when the dot-com fever lured away many talented software engineers with stockoptions and other compensation, Rearden noted. In the wake of the dot-com crash, he now has all the software engineers heneeds, but the effect of the turbulence is still felt. A 44-day production strike at Lockheed Martin also affected the program.The reduced time resulted in slowing the numbers of aircraft available for test, thus slowing the rate at which the Air Force canburn down the required flight test points, Jabour said.


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AT: Air Power

The F-22 is ineffective and expensive.

Ethan Heitner, Staff writer for Tom Paine Common Sense. 7/27/06 The Other F-22 Problemhttp://www.tompaine.com/articles/2006/07/27/the_f22s_other_problem.php

What do you do when you've got the world's most expensive fighter jet and its canopy won't open correctly so you haveto chainsaw free the hapless pilot? If you're the U.S. government, you sign up for an extended three-year contract to

ensure you get even more of them than you originally wanted Retired Vice Admiral Jack Shanahan elucidates the cost of thePentagon's outdated thinking about defense spending today in an article on TomPaine.com about the bloated and unloved F-22Raptor fighter jet: Political leaders in Washington are so scared of being labeled weak on defense that they rarelyobject at all to defense expenditures, even ones like the F-22 that are widely regarded as wasteful. In fact, its an open

secret in Washington that tens of billions of dollars are going down the drain at the Pentagon. At the same time, itsalso an open secret that millions of American kids lack health insurance, public schools around the country are falling down,and our nation continues to rely on petroleuma national vulnerability that could set us up for a serious economic collapse.And how much is the federal government spending on renewable energy research? About as much as were spending on

the F-22 fighter jet. And less than a third as much as we spend on national missile defense.

F-22s unnecessary for US security

Victoria Samson, staff writer, 2/26/08, Asheville Citizen-Times, How many guns are enough?,http://www.cdi.org/program/issue/document.cfm?DocumentID=4223&IssueID=214&StartRow=1&ListRows=10&appendURL=&Orderby=DateLastUpdated&ProgramID=37&issueID=214

One case in point is the F-22 Raptor plane. Originally intended for air-to-air combat, this aircraft now has a

questionable role in determining U.S. security. Whom exactly this fighter would be fighting is unclear. As Secretary of

Defense Robert Gates recently pointed out, The reality is, we are fighting two wars, in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the

F-22 has not performed a single mission in either theater. Even so, the Pentagon wishes to limit its purchases of the F-22to just 183 of them, at a cost of $140 millioneach. This is still not enough for the Air Force, which vehemently insists that381 are still needed as initially planned. The Air Force as a service is trying to find direction in a time when the chance of aerialdogfights is slim to none, and it is understandable that some old procurement inclinations reassert themselves from time totime. But it is inexcusable to put this sort of funding into a program that does little to strengthen U.S. security when somany other more pressing needs for the military go unmet.

Military purchases must be made in light of longevity of the weapons, F-22s are not strategic buysSydney J. Freedberg Jr., staff writer, 3/20/2008, National Journal, On the sea and in the air, military bills come due,http://www.govexec.com/dailyfed/0308/032008nj1.htm

The air and sea services certainly mak

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