2440: 141 Web Site Administration Web Server-Side Programming Professor: Enoch E. Damson.

The University of AkronCollege of Applied Science & Technology

Dept. of Business & Information Technology

2440: 141Web Site Administration

Web Server-Side ProgrammingProfessor: Enoch E. Damson

Programming LanguagesProgramming languages are used to develop programs

that help:Input dataProcesses dataStore dataOutput data

Web Server-Side Programming 2

ProgrammingProgramming is accomplished in two ways:

Sequentially Using variables and procedures/functions

Object-Oriented Using classes and objects which have:

Attributes (variables) Methods (functions/procedures)


ProgramsPrograms are written to perform specific tasksProgramming is accomplished using major elements such as:

Syntax and ExpressionsCommentsLiteral ValuesData Types and Variables Input/Output DataArithmetic OperationsLogical Operations

Selections/Decisions Repetitions/Looping

Arrays


Web Programming LanguagesWeb pages that contain only HTML/XHTML statements

are called static pagesWeb pages that contain programming statements are

known as dynamic pages (allow the content to change)


Web Programming Languages…Programming languages can be used to create:

Dynamic webpages on client Web browsers Using client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript and

VBScriptDynamic webpages that run on Web servers and update

databases Using server-side scripting languages such as Java Server Pages

(JSP), Active Server Pages (ASP), ASP,NET, PHP, Coldfusion, etc Using SQL on DBMSs such as Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server, DB2, etc


Server-Side ProgrammingServer-side programs provide dynamic content and

allows interaction with Web users using:DHTMLActive Server Pages (ASP)Servlets and Java Server Pages (JSP)PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)Practical Extraction and Reporting Language (Perl)Databases


Dynamic DocumentsDynamic HTML (DHTML) is a term for a combination

of client-side technologies that produce dynamic documents

DHTML can be used to create simple animations, images, and text with resources such as:HTML/XHTMLStyle sheets (CSS)Client-side scripting (JavaScript or VBScript)


Web ApplicationsWeb applications use a combination of the following

HTML/XHTMLStyle sheets (CSS)Client-side scripting languages

such as JavaScript or VBScriptServer-side scripting languages

Such as ASP, ASP.NET, PHP, JSP, etcDatabase Management Systems (DBMS) to create and

manipulate databases Usually using the embedded Structured Query Language (SQL)

especially in Relational Databases.


HTML Form Page1. <html>2. <head>3. <title>HTML Form Page</title>4. </head>5. <body>6. <form action=“http://localhost/cgi-bin/perl/hello.cgi”

method=“post”>7. <input name=“firstname” type=“text” />8. <input value=“Send” type=“submit” />9. </form>10. </body>11. </html>

1. Opening <html> tag2. Opening <head> tag3. Specifying the title of the page (HTML Form

Page) with the two-sided <title> tag4. Closing </head> tag5. Opening <body> tag6. Opening <form> tag specifying the recipient

CGI file using the action attribute and the method of sending data (using the HTTP’s post) with the method attribute

7. Using the <input> tag’s type attribute to specify the form component (text for textbox) being used to accept data, and the name attribute to uniquely identify the component

8. Using the <input> tag’s type attribute to specify a submit button (submit) being used to send data, and the value attribute for the button’s caption

9. Closing </form> tag10. Closing </body> tag11. Closing </html> tag


DHTML Sample Code1. <html>2. <head>3. <script type = "text/javascript">4. document.writeln("Hello World");5. </script>6. <style type=“text/css”>7. p {color: blue} 8. </style>9. <title>DHTML Page</title>10. </head>11. <body>12. <p> Embedded style </p>13. <p style="color: red"> Inline style </p>14. </body>15. </html>

1. Opening <html> tag2. Opening <head> tag3. Opening <script> tag specifying the script

language of choice (JavaScript)4. Displays text (“Hello World”) on a browser5. Closing </script> tag6. Opening <style> tag specifying the style sheet

type (css – cascading style sheet)7. Specifying a value of blue as the text color for

all paragraphs on the page – Embedded style8. Closing </script> tag9. Specifying the title of the page (DHTML Page)

with the two-sided <title> tag10. Closing </head> tag11. Opening <body> tag12. Displays a paragraph on the page13. Displays a paragraph with an Inline style14. Closing </body> tag15. Closing </html> tag


Active Server Pages (ASP)Microsoft’s server-side technology for creating

dynamic Web pagesBased on Microsoft’s Component Object Model

(COM) and ActiveX ControlsCOM is a Microsoft standard that defines how software

components from different vendors can work togetherActiveX controls are components built using the COM

specificationsVBScript and JavaScript are the most popular ASP

languages but any language (such as C++, Perl, Java) that supports COM can also be used


ASP Page1. <%@ language=“Javascript”>2. <html>3. <%= “Hello World” %>4. </html>

1. Specifies the ASP script language using the @ directive

2. Opening <html> tag3. Displays text on a page using the =

directive4. Closing </html> tag


Servlets and Java Server Pages (JSP)Sun Microsystem’s alternative to Microsoft’s ASPRely on Sun’s Java programming language

Java – a portable object-oriented languageServlets – are server-side programs like CGI programs but

run as part of the Web server instead of executing as separate processes (as CGI scripts do)

JSP – provides the same benefits of servlets along with the benefits of SSI

JavaBeans – a component model written in Java to allow developers write reusable components JSP’s solution to separate content from presentation


JSP Page1. <html>2. <%= “Hello World” %>3. </html>

1. Opening <html> tag2. Displays text on a page using the =

directive3. Closing </html> tag


Perl CGI Script1. #!/cgi-bin/perl2. #hello.cgi – Sample perl script3. print “Content-type: text/html\n\n”;4. use CGI qw(:standard);5. use strict;6. my ($fname);7. $fname = param(‘firstname’);8. print “<HTML\n”;9. print “<head><title>Perl CGI

Script</title></head>\n”;10. print “<body>Hello $fname</body>\n”;11. print “</html>\n”;

1. Location of the Perl interpreter (required in UNIX; optional in Windows)

2. Comment (non-executable statement)3. Sends an HTML document type (text/html) to

the browser using the HTTP header line (Content-type) and creates a new line

4. Allows the script to parse data from the form when received

5. Prevents Perl from using undeclared variables6. Declares a scalar variable (preceded by a $

sign) named fname 7. Assigns a form data to a variable8. Sends the opening <html> tag to the browser9. Sends the two-sided <head> and <title> tags

to the browser10. Sends the two-sided <body> and contents of

the page to the browser11. Sends the closing </html> tag to the browser


PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP)A simple open-source server-side programming language

used for developing interactive Web documentsIncludes object-oriented programming (OOP) capabilities


PHP Page1. <html>2. <?php echo “Hello World” ?>3. </html>

1. Opening <html> tag2. Displays text on a browser3. Closing </html> tag


DatabasesDatabases are a collection of data and metadata

(data about other data) about entities using a database management system (DBMS)DBMS – software used to create, construct and manipulate

databases E.g. Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL, etc

Entities – any thing, place, event, etc that data is collected about Data is collected in the form of attributes to help make up records

Attributes – description of an entity Records – collection of attributes


DBMSMost DBMSs use a data definition language (DDL) and

data manipulation language (DML) to help create and manipulate databases

The most widely used DDL/DML for databases is the structured query language (SQL) – pronounced “sequel”Used by virtually all DBMSs


SQLSQL is a language embedded in virtually all DBMSs to

perform several tasks including:Creating the structure of database objects

Using the create commandRemoving database objects

Using the drop command Changing the structure of database objects

Using the alter command


SQL…Other SQL functionalities include:

Adding records into database tables Using the insert command

Removing records from database tables Using the delete command

Changing records in database tables Using the update command

Retrieve records from database tables Using the select command


Web Servers and Server-Side Programming LanguageChoosing a programming language for server-side

programming depends on the type of Web server to use and vice versa

The two most popular Web servers allows you to choose their most friendliest programming languageIIS is most friendly with ASP, ASP.NETApache is most friendly with PHP, JSP, etc


2440: 141 Web Site Administration Web Server-Side Programming Professor: Enoch E. Damson.

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Transcript of 2440: 141 Web Site Administration Web Server-Side Programming Professor: Enoch E. Damson.