241 a perception-and-personlity
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Transcript of 241 a perception-and-personlity
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 11
Perception – some learning objectivesPerception – some learning objectives
To:s Understand the perceptual process.s Explain how we perceive ourselves and others
through social identity.s Discuss stereotypes.s Examine personalitys Identify the ‘Big Five’ personality dimensions.s Discuss personality assessment through the
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.s Link perception and decisikon-making
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 22
Selective attentionSelective attention
Emotions andEmotions andbehaviourbehaviour
Organisation andOrganisation andinterpretationinterpretation
The perceptual process model: we act on what we The perceptual process model: we act on what we ‘see’ or think we see‘see’ or think we see
Environmental stimuliEnvironmental stimuli
Feeling Hearing Seeing Smelling TastingFeeling Hearing Seeing Smelling Tasting
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 33
We are We are veryvery selective about what we ‘see’ selective about what we ‘see’ or want to seeor want to see
We are influenced by:
Characteristics of the object size, intensity, motion, repetition, novelty
The context within which we operate
Characteristics of the perceiver values and attitudes perceptual defence expectations − condition us to expect events
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 44
Welsh people like singing and rugby
Jonesis Welsh
Hence, Jones likes singing andrugby
We stereotypeWe stereotype
Assign category’s traitsAssign category’s traitsto the personto the person
Assign person to categoryAssign person to categorybased on observable infobased on observable info
Develop categoriesDevelop categoriesand assign traitsand assign traits
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 55
How accurate are stereotypes?How accurate are stereotypes?
‘People tend to do as little cognitive work as possible when it comes to thinking about others . . we tend to rely on mental shortcuts.’ ie we are lazy thinkers
Some basis for stereotypes but prone to distortion and error traits don’t describe everyone in the group we screen out inconsistent information
Stereotypes are less accurate when we have little interaction with people in that group we experience conflict with members of that group
Stereotypes enhance our own social identity
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 66
Other perceptual errorsOther perceptual errors
Primacy effect first impressions are … often wrong!
Recency effect most recent information dominates our perceptions
Halo effect one trait forms a general impression
Projection effect believing other people are similar to you
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 77
ImprovingImprovingperceptualperceptualaccuracyaccuracy
DiversityDiversityinitiativesinitiatives
EmpathiseEmpathisewith otherswith others
PostponePostponeimpressionimpressionformationformation
KnowKnowyourselfyourself
CompareCompareperceptionsperceptionswith otherswith others
Improving perceptual accuracyImproving perceptual accuracy
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 88
PersonalityPersonality
‘ A relatively stable pattern of behaviours and consistent internal states that explain a person's behavioural tendencies.’
Personality differentiate one person from all others.
Determined by:
Heredity
Environment
Situation
The ‘nature’ vs ‘nurture’ argument
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 99
Outgoing, talkative
Courteous, empathic
Caring, dependable
Poised, secure
Sensitive, flexible
Five personality dimensionsFive personality dimensions
ExtroversionExtroversion
AgreeablenessAgreeableness
ConscientiousnessConscientiousness
Emotional stabilityEmotional stability
Openness to experienceOpenness to experience
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 1010
Courtesy of Thompson Doyle Hennessey & Everest
Assessing Personality: The Myers-Briggs Assessing Personality: The Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorType Indicator
A well-used tool for assessing individual personality based on a Jungian approach to individual differences
Often used at the selection stage
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 1111
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Main Myers-Briggs Type Indicator: Main DimensionsDimensions
Extroversion versus introversion (where you get your energy)
Sensing versus intuition (how we gather information, what we pay attention to)
Thinking versus feeling (the way we prefer to make decisions)
Judging versus perceiving (reflects our orientation to the outer world)
16 ‘types’Courtesy of Thompson Doyle Hennessey & Everest
Our perception of events – what we think Our perception of events – what we think we see – influences all our behaviourswe see – influences all our behaviours
The decisions we make How we behave – positively or negatively Who we gravitate toward – friends, relationships, etc What we are motivated to put our energy into – if we
perceive we won’t be treated fairly, we might not bother.
Everything we do runs the gamut of perception and there is plenty of room to get it worng
2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PPTs t/a Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim by McShane and Travaglione 1212