2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
-
Upload
kunjanvasavada -
Category
Documents
-
view
221 -
download
0
Transcript of 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
1/37
An approach towards empowering thepoor and marginalized communities
through seeking their participation
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
2/37
Participatory Rural Appraisal is a methodology forinteracting with villagers/community, understanding them
.
It involves a set of principles, a process ofcommunicating with them using a set of menu of
methods for seeking community participation.
Participatory Rural Appraisal is distinguished at its best
by the use of local graphic representations created by
e commun y a eg m ze oca now e ge an
promote empowerment.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
3/37
Participatory approaches like PRA developed inresponse to concerns regarding a top down approach
These strategies have a much greater chance of
from start to finish
PRA can em ower women oor and disadvanta ed
giving them more control over their lives
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
4/37
The use of open-ended, adaptable visual methods withina flexible, interactive learning process, rather than the
-
identified ends
,
contribute to policies, to serving the needs of the poor
and marginalized section of the population
It can challenge the perceptions of those in authority and
begin to change attitudes and agendas
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
5/37
..
From 1970 onwards Participatory tools- forpromoting and participation of the poor &
.
These tools arose from two beliefs: The knowledge & experience of poor and
marginalized have value and not to be
dismissed as irrelevant or wron
Poor and marginalized have the right to
resources traditionally defined by them.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
6/37
..
approac es ave eve ope ou o ap
Rural Appraisal (RRA) techniques, which were firstsystemized in the late 1970s.
RRA techniques in turn developed out of:
dissatisfaction with large scale questionnaire surveys
dissatisfaction with the unreliability of impressionsgained during the field visits made by urban based
DEVELOPMENT TOURISM
For quickly gaining qualitative insights into a situation
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
7/37
Agha Khan Rural Support Programme (India)conducted participatory RRA in two villages of
, .
Few of the Govt. organizations which got their
Dry lands development board. Karnataka
evera ores ry epar men s , e c
National Academy of Administration,
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
8/37
Nature ofProcess RRA PRA PLA
Mode Extractive Elicitative Participative Sharing Empowering
u s er s o e nves ga or ac a or
Information owned, Local
PLA has evolved from Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and refers
analyzed & used by Outsiders People
o a process a empowers oca peop e o ac upon, c ange
their conditions and situations
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
9/37
PLA AND JOHARI WINDOW
Information known
to every oneKnowledge
belongs only to
communitWhat we knowWhat they know
Teach Learn
and what they
know
and we do not
know
Knowledge
belongs only to
Knowledge acquired
by learning together
What we know
and they do not
know
What we do not
know and they do
not know
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
10/37
Attitude
Behaviour &
Change
Three
Pillars of
Methods or Tools Sharing
PRA
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
11/37
EmpoweringDominating
Open
Group
Closed
Individual
ComparingMeasuring
Rapport
Fun
Reserve
Frustration
VisualVerbal
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
12/37
1. USING OPITMAL IGNORANCE2. OFFSETTING BAISES
3. TRIANGULATIONS
4. LEARNING PROGRESSIVELY FROM
AND WITH THE POOR .
5. LEARNING RAPIDLY ANDPROGRESSIVELY
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
13/37
Optimal imprecision Direct contact, face to face, in the field
Critical self awareness
Changing behaviour and attitudesA culture of sharing
Commitment
Empowering
Flexibil ity, Innovation, Improvisation
Learning directly from, local people
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
14/37
1. ITERATIVE- ( LEARNING AS-YOU-GO -ON )
. .
3. INTERACTIVE.
4. INFORMAL.
. .
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
15/37
VISUAL TOOLS
OBSERVATIONALDISCUSSION TOOLS
Participatory Mapping
Institutional
Programming (Venn
1.Focus Group
Discussion
-
1. Participant
Observation
2. DO IT YOURSELF,
Diagram)
Seasonal Diagram
Daily activity Chart.
Interviews(Taking part in local
activities)
3. Transect Walks
Trend Analysis
Body Mapping
Pair wise Ranking
Force Field AnalysisCausal Impact Diagram
Impact Evaluation
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
16/37
Partici ator Social Ma in
Resource mapping
Insti tutional Programming (Venn Diagram)
Seasonal Diagram
Daily activi ty Chart
Trend Analysis
Wealth Ranking
Pair wise Ranking
Force Field Analysis
Causal Impact Diagram
Impact Evaluation
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
17/37
.
A social mapping provides a basis for household
listings, and for indicating population, social group,
.
lead to identification of key informants, and then to
discussions with them.
A village social map provides an up-to-date household
listing which is then used for well-being or wealth
ran ng o ouse o s w c ea s n urn o ocusgroups with different categories of people who then
express their different preferences, leading to
discussion, negotiation and reconciliation of priorities.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
18/37
.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
19/37
-
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
20/37
Resource maps helps to understand the natural andenvironmental settings in a particular vil lage.
A participatory resource map of an area of degraded
forest, and a rootstock census of quadrates in theorest carr e out y v agers, ea s to a ca cu at on o
numbers of trees to be planted; and debate and
anal sis lead to eo les decisions about the
proportions of different species to be planted, and thenumbers of each required in tree nurseries
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
21/37
.
Matrix scoring or ranking, elicits villagers criteria ofvalue of a class of items (trees, vegetables, fodder
, ,
market outlets, fuel types ) which leads into discussion of
preferences and actions by the implementers and the localcommunity.
Purpose : Rank the value of a particular activity or
item according to a range of criteria. For example, arange of different land care group activities could be
rate, cost and value to members.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
22/37
Purpose To collect general information about
through open group discussion.
The facilitator needs to facilitate the discussion
by probing questions and get relevant answers .
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
23/37
Transect walking is a participatory process of taking awalk with the community almost dissecting the
vi age in or er to un erstan t e soi , water an
habitat , problems and opportunities at the community
level. This hel s the communit to artici ate andbuild the trust with outsider.
It helps the facilitator in facilitator in social and
resource map and planning..
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
24/37
.
Seasons make a great impact on rural lives. Thelivelihood, farm activities, festivals, marriages occur in
ifferent seasons an t e ives of t e peop e a so
changes and get affected in different seasons.
issues and problems in an yearly analysis way .
effectively than any other methods.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
25/37
To understand the history and background to s situationor project .
It is valuable way of exploring how change has occurred
, why things are the way they are and why different
.
It also helps in icebreaking and building initial rapport
at the communit level.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
26/37
This exercise helps in exploring thecontributing causes or reasons for a particular
pro ems or issue an to e p i entify root
causes rather than symptoms.
and it helps in participatory project planning
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
27/37
,
including village communities , government , fieldstaff , NGOs ) and the interaction user group and the
t e resources.
Information on user groups can be collected by
informants and through group discussions .
Field officerContractor Forest resource
Community
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
28/37
To understand and identify the
Stren th
Weakness
Threats
In relation to a project or groups.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
29/37
A Venn diagram is a method that shows.
the ke institution or anisation or
Groups as well as influential individuals in a
villa e and
Their relationships and importance in direction
making. A Venn diagram can be diagram can be
prepared on the ground , a large sheet of paper or ablackboard.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
30/37
Purpose- To develop a shared vision of what a groupwould like to outcome of a project . This helps people
thinks creatively and let go of immediate problems.
Description Ask people to describe how they wouldlike things in the future . It is possible to do in an
imaginary way.
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
31/37
Time Seasonality, Time line
Space
Preferences
Mapping and model
Matrix
Relationships
Boundar
Flow Diagram, Venn
diagram.
Transect walk
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
32/37
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
33/37
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
34/37
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
35/37
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
36/37
-
8/4/2019 2.4 Participatory Rural Appraisal
37/37
An ueries are welcomed