24-Jan-06BINASIA - INDIA1 BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA U. N. BEHERA Joint Secretary Department of...

24-Jan-06 BINASIA - INDIA 1

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIABIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA

U. N. BEHERAU. N. BEHERA

Joint SecretaryJoint SecretaryDepartment of BiotechnologyDepartment of Biotechnology

Ministry of Science & TechnologyMinistry of Science & TechnologyGovernment of IndiaGovernment of India

Bangkok – January 24, 2006Bangkok – January 24, 2006


Biotechnology - a definitionBiotechnology - a definition

The application The application of of

science & technology to living organismsscience & technology to living organismsas well as as well as

parts, products and models thereof, parts, products and models thereof, to alter living or non-living materials to alter living or non-living materials

for for the production of knowledge, goods and the production of knowledge, goods and

servicesservices


An indicative list of BiotechnologiesAn indicative list of Biotechnologies • DNA (the coding): genomics, pharmaco-genetics, gene probes, DNA DNA (the coding): genomics, pharmaco-genetics, gene probes, DNA

sequencing/synthesis/amplification, genetic engineering.sequencing/synthesis/amplification, genetic engineering.

• Proteins and molecules (the functional blocks): protein/peptide Proteins and molecules (the functional blocks): protein/peptide sequencing/synthesis, lipid/protein glyco-engineering, proteomics, sequencing/synthesis, lipid/protein glyco-engineering, proteomics, hormones, and growth factors, cell receptors/ signalling/ pheromones.hormones, and growth factors, cell receptors/ signalling/ pheromones.

• Cell and tissue culture and engineering: cell/tissue culture, tissue Cell and tissue culture and engineering: cell/tissue culture, tissue engineering, hybridisation, cellular fusion, vaccine/ immune stimulants, engineering, hybridisation, cellular fusion, vaccine/ immune stimulants, embryo manipulation.embryo manipulation.

• Process biotechnologies: Bioreactors, fermentation, bioprocessing, Process biotechnologies: Bioreactors, fermentation, bioprocessing, bioleaching, bio-pulping, bio-bleaching, biodesulphurization, bioleaching, bio-pulping, bio-bleaching, biodesulphurization, bioremediation, and biofiltration.bioremediation, and biofiltration.

• Sub-cellular organisms: gene therapy, viral vectors.Sub-cellular organisms: gene therapy, viral vectors.

• Bioengineering: biomaterials, biosensors, biomedical devices and Bioengineering: biomaterials, biosensors, biomedical devices and bioinstrumentaion.bioinstrumentaion.

• Biofertilisers and biopesticides.Biofertilisers and biopesticides.


Amazing BiotechnologyAmazing Biotechnology• more than more than 300 biotech drug products and vaccines currently in clinical trials300 biotech drug products and vaccines currently in clinical trials

targeting more than targeting more than 200 diseases,200 diseases, including various cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, including various cancers, Alzheimer’s disease, heart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and arthritisheart disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, AIDS and arthritis

• responsible for hundreds of responsible for hundreds of medical diagnostic testsmedical diagnostic tests that keep the blood supply that keep the blood supply safe from the AIDS virus and detect other conditions early enough to be successfully safe from the AIDS virus and detect other conditions early enough to be successfully treated – e.g. home pregnancy testtreated – e.g. home pregnancy test

• biotechnology foodsbiotechnology foods such as papaya, soybeans and corn – quite popular such as papaya, soybeans and corn – quite popular

• Biopesticides and other agricultural products also are being used to Biopesticides and other agricultural products also are being used to improve our improve our food supplyfood supply and to reduce our dependence on conventional chemical pesticides and to reduce our dependence on conventional chemical pesticides

• clean up hazardous wasteclean up hazardous waste more efficiently by harnessing pollution-eating microbes more efficiently by harnessing pollution-eating microbes without the use of caustic chemicalswithout the use of caustic chemicals

• cleaner processes that cleaner processes that produce less waste and use less energy and waterproduce less waste and use less energy and water in in such industrial sectors as chemicals, pulp and paper, textiles, food, energy, and such industrial sectors as chemicals, pulp and paper, textiles, food, energy, and metals and mineralsmetals and minerals

• DNA fingerprintingDNA fingerprinting, a biotech process, has dramatically improved criminal , a biotech process, has dramatically improved criminal investigation and forensic medicine, as well as afforded significant advances in investigation and forensic medicine, as well as afforded significant advances in anthropology and wildlife managementanthropology and wildlife management

• Global business US $ 64 in 2004Global business US $ 64 in 2004


Biotechnology in IndiaBiotechnology in IndiaInitiative in early 1980’sInitiative in early 1980’sAgencies - DST, CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, UGCAgencies - DST, CSIR, ICAR, ICMR, UGCNational Biotechnology Development Board – 1982National Biotechnology Development Board – 1982Department of Biotechnology – 1986Department of Biotechnology – 1986Strategy :Strategy :• Creation of InfrastructureCreation of Infrastructure• Human Resources DevelopmentHuman Resources Development• Promotion of R & DPromotion of R & D• Technology TransferTechnology Transfer• Promotion of IndustryPromotion of Industry• Public Private PartnershipPublic Private Partnership• RegulationRegulation• International Co-operationInternational Co-operation


Institutions & ManpowerInstitutions & Manpower

• Number of hospitals Number of hospitals : 16,000: 16,000

• Number of doctorsNumber of doctors : 500,000: 500,000

• Number of research institutionsNumber of research institutions : 200: 200

• Number of Scientists Number of Scientists : 25,000: 25,000

• Medical graduates producedMedical graduates produced : 17,500 per yr: 17,500 per yr

• Science graduates producedScience graduates produced: 500,000 per yr: 500,000 per yr

• Number of Agriculture Univs.Number of Agriculture Univs. : 40: 40


HRD ProgrammesHRD Programmes

• Post Graduate Teaching Programmes Ph D Post Graduate Teaching Programmes Ph D ProgrammeProgramme

• Post Doctoral FellowshipPost Doctoral Fellowship

• Short Term Training ProgramesShort Term Training Programes

• Industrial Training Industrial Training

• Seminar, Symposium, ConferenceSeminar, Symposium, Conference

• Awards and ScholarshipsAwards and Scholarships

• Travel SupportTravel Support


Post Graduate TeachingPost Graduate Teaching

• General BiotechnologyGeneral Biotechnology 4343• Agricultural BiotechnologyAgricultural Biotechnology 10 10 • Animal BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology 3 3• Medical BiotechnologyMedical Biotechnology 3 3• Marine BiotechnologyMarine Biotechnology 2 2• NeurosciencesNeurosciences 3 3• Industrial BiotechnologyIndustrial Biotechnology 1 1• Biochemical EngineeringBiochemical Engineering 7 7• Pharmaceutical BiotechnologyPharmaceutical Biotechnology 1 1• Genetic Engg. & Bioprocess Dev.Genetic Engg. & Bioprocess Dev. 1 1• Molecular & Bioprocess Tech.Molecular & Bioprocess Tech. 1 1• Clinical Biochem. & Biotech.Clinical Biochem. & Biotech. 1 1• IPRIPR 1 1

TOTALTOTAL 7777


65 Centres under the 65 Centres under the Bioinformatics Bioinformatics Information System Information System Network (BTISnet)Network (BTISnet)

12 Nodes on the Virtual 12 Nodes on the Virtual Private Network (VPN) Private Network (VPN) BIOGRIDBIOGRID

77 Universities and 77 Universities and Institutions where post Institutions where post graduate teaching in graduate teaching in biotechnology is biotechnology is supported by DBTsupported by DBT


Bioinformatics Network

• Year of Start – 1986• Total No. of Distributed Bioinformatics Centers- 65 with

each one is having focus on a specific area of biotechnology • One year Advanced diploma course on Bioinformatics - 5• Interactive Graphics facility – 6• Mirror Sites – 5• Super Computing facility - 1• BIOGRID INDIA – 12 Nodes


InfrastructureInfrastructureDBT has established 63 major infrastructure facilities

- 20 in plant Sciences- 11 in medical sciences - 32 useful for both areas and others

6 Culture collections-

- Blue green algae- Marine cyanobacteria - Agriculturally useful organisms - Industrial microbes - Filaria - Tuberculii

2 Animal House Facilities


Other Major FacilitiesOther Major Facilities• 17 Genetic counseling centers established benefiting 18000

families and 4500 tribal families

• 2 Microarray Facilities

• 5 Automatic DNA sequencing Facilities

• 6 genomic /proteomic facilities

• 10 facilities for drug and molecular design

• 8 Gene Banks for crops, medicinal and aromatic plants

• 3 High/medium throughput facilities for screening extracts

• 1 fMRI Facility

• 5 Centers of Plant Molecular Biology

• 4 Centers for Genetic Engineering


Research & Development1986 - 2005

• More than 2500 R&D projects launched in 20 identified areas.

• National Bioresource Development Board set up for bioprospecting and bioresource utilization.

• Establishment of gene banks for conservation and inventorisation of bioresource.

• Rice genome sequencing as a member of International Initiative - sequencing of part of chromosome 11 completed.

• Participating in International Consortium on Silk Worm Participating in International Consortium on Silk Worm Genomics and Tomato Genome Sequencing.Genomics and Tomato Genome Sequencing.

• Complete sequencing of Indian isolate of hepatitis C done.


Blooming Biotech

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350

Egypt

Cuba

South Africa

Brazil

India

China

South Korea

1991 2002

Number of health-biotechnology papers published by developing countries

Source: The Economist – Dec 11, 2004; Institute for Scientific Information; Science Matrix


Number of health-biotechnology patents (Major developing countries) issued by US in 2003

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

Egypt

South Africa

Cuba

Brazil

China

South Korea

India

Source: The Economist – Dec 11, 2004; Institute for Scientific Information; United States Patent and Trademark Office


Agriculture Biotechnology - CropsAgriculture Biotechnology - Crops

Focus :Focus :- - Improved Productivity Improved Productivity

- Drought, Salinity Tolerance- Drought, Salinity Tolerance- Reduced Yield due to Pests/Diseases - Reduced Yield due to Pests/Diseases - Nutritional Enhancement- Nutritional Enhancement

Crops :Crops :- - Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Mustard , Chickpea, Potato Rice, Wheat, Cotton, Mustard , Chickpea, Potato Pigeonpea, Mungbean, Sugarcane Pigeonpea, Mungbean, Sugarcane

Strategy :Strategy :- - Transgenics & Marker based Molecular BreedingTransgenics & Marker based Molecular Breeding- Cloning and Characterization of New Genes and - Cloning and Characterization of New Genes and

Promoters Promoters


CropsCrops

Wheat Rust:Wheat Rust: Durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts using Durable resistance to leaf and stripe rusts using molecular marker technology in bread wheat (DWR,DWR-RS, molecular marker technology in bread wheat (DWR,DWR-RS, PAU, ARI & NCL)PAU, ARI & NCL)

Rice:Rice: Salinity and dehydration stress tolerance: Cloning of Salinity and dehydration stress tolerance: Cloning of responsive genes, their promoters and development of responsive genes, their promoters and development of transgenics transgenics (ICGEB, UDSC, IARI, BI, UOH)(ICGEB, UDSC, IARI, BI, UOH)

Sugarcane:Sugarcane: 12,956 EST’s generated and deposited in genbank. 12,956 EST’s generated and deposited in genbank. 9000 genomic clones and several thousand cDNA clones 9000 genomic clones and several thousand cDNA clones developed from high sugar and red-rot resistant linesdeveloped from high sugar and red-rot resistant lines

Crop Improvement for Better Nutrition in rice, sweet potato and Crop Improvement for Better Nutrition in rice, sweet potato and cassava using AmA1 Genecassava using AmA1 Gene

Use of molecular marker technology approach in wheat quality Use of molecular marker technology approach in wheat quality breedingbreeding


Transgenic Research in IndiaTarget Crops/ Vegetables

Cotton, Corn, Mustard, Rice, Soybean, Potato, Tobacco, Coffee, Tomato, Brinjal, Cauliflower, Pea, Cabbage, Banana, Muskmelon, Pigeonpea, Chickpea, Bell-pepper, Blackgram, Chilli, Watermelon etc.

Transgenes Employed

Bt. toxin genes, Herbicide tolerant genes (CP4 EPSPS, Bar gene), Xa21, ctx-B and tcp of V.cholera, Chitinase, Glucanase, ACC synthase, RIP, Protease Inhibitor, Lectin, Ama-1, OXDC gene, Rabies glycoprotein gene, Bar, Barnase, Barstar, GNA gene, Vip-3 gene, Bacterial Blight Resistance gene, Osmotin etc.


Transgenic Crops under TrialTransgenic Crops under Trial

• Under green house trialUnder green house trial : 19: 19

• Under limited field trialUnder limited field trial : 3: 3

(Rice, Mungbean, Mustard)(Rice, Mungbean, Mustard)

• Large scale field trialLarge scale field trial : 1: 1

(Cotton)(Cotton)

• Released for commercial productionReleased for commercial production : 1: 1

(Cotton)(Cotton)


Plant BiotechnologyPlant Biotechnology– Areas : Forestry, Horticulture & Plantation CropsAreas : Forestry, Horticulture & Plantation Crops– Status Status

• 57 regeneration systems documented57 regeneration systems documented• Protocols standardized for 20 plant species, 10 technologies Protocols standardized for 20 plant species, 10 technologies

transferred to industry – Eucalyptus, Bamboo, Teak, Sugarcane, transferred to industry – Eucalyptus, Bamboo, Teak, Sugarcane, Potato, Black pepper, Coffee, CitrusPotato, Black pepper, Coffee, Citrus

• Ongoing R&D - TransgenicsOngoing R&D - Transgenics– Tomato, Grapes, Banana - shelf lifeTomato, Grapes, Banana - shelf life– Chilli, Pepper, Ginger, Cardamom – Disease resistanceChilli, Pepper, Ginger, Cardamom – Disease resistance– Populus, leucaena - reduced ligninPopulus, leucaena - reduced lignin

• Germplasm characterization – Teak, Eucalyptus, CasurinaGermplasm characterization – Teak, Eucalyptus, Casurina– International Solanaceae Genome initiative launched International Solanaceae Genome initiative launched

• India to sequence chromosome 5 of tomatoIndia to sequence chromosome 5 of tomato• Functional genomics of tomato – nutritional quality, shelf life, Functional genomics of tomato – nutritional quality, shelf life,

disease resistance disease resistance – Production and demonstration of quality planting material of BambooProduction and demonstration of quality planting material of Bamboo


Tomato Genome Sequencing

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

euchromatineuchromatin

heterochromatinheterochromatin

AT-rich satellite DNAAT-rich satellite DNA

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Animal BiotechnologyAnimal Biotechnology

– Diagnostics for Peste-des-Petitis Ruminants Diagnostics for Peste-des-Petitis Ruminants (PPR) detection commercialized(PPR) detection commercialized

– Reconstituted Bovine collagen for wound and Reconstituted Bovine collagen for wound and burn healing commercializedburn healing commercialized

– Multicentric programme on buffalo genomics Multicentric programme on buffalo genomics launched : Characterisation of traits of economic launched : Characterisation of traits of economic importanceimportance

– Multicentric programme on bovine tuberculosisMulticentric programme on bovine tuberculosis– Programme on animal nutritionProgramme on animal nutrition


Aquaculture & MarineBacterial immunostimulant for shrimp health management developedBacterial immunostimulant for shrimp health management developedBioreactor system developed for water quality management in prawn hatcheryBioreactor system developed for water quality management in prawn hatcheryNew source of insulin from carp adipose tissueNew source of insulin from carp adipose tissueQuality agar extracted from seaweed (Quality agar extracted from seaweed (Gelidiella acerosaGelidiella acerosa))Efficacy of DNA-based vaccine for Efficacy of DNA-based vaccine for AeromonasAeromonas infection in carps under evaluation infection in carps under evaluation Shrimp Genomics launched – Comparative and functional genomicsShrimp Genomics launched – Comparative and functional genomicsDiagnostics and vaccines transferred to industryDiagnostics and vaccines transferred to industry

• Immunodiagnostic kit for detection of bacterial pathogens in finfish and Immunodiagnostic kit for detection of bacterial pathogens in finfish and shellfish shellfish

• Combi kit for simultaneous detection of White Spot Shrimp Virus and Combi kit for simultaneous detection of White Spot Shrimp Virus and Monodon Baculo VirusMonodon Baculo Virus

• Heat killed whole cell vibrio vaccine, shows immune response in shrimp Heat killed whole cell vibrio vaccine, shows immune response in shrimp • Immunodot detection kit for white spot shrimp virusImmunodot detection kit for white spot shrimp virus

Technology ready for transferTechnology ready for transfer• Bioreactor technology in shrimp hatcheries through bacterial conservation for Bioreactor technology in shrimp hatcheries through bacterial conservation for

denitrificationdenitrification


SeribiotechnologySeribiotechnology

• Improved quality and productivity in silkImproved quality and productivity in silk– Silkworm genome sequencingSilkworm genome sequencing– Over 400 molecular markers generated Over 400 molecular markers generated – India participating in International Consortium on Lepidopteran India participating in International Consortium on Lepidopteran

Genomics: More than 10,000 ESTs of muga silkworm and mori silkworm Genomics: More than 10,000 ESTs of muga silkworm and mori silkworm characterizedcharacterized

• Three high yielding hybrids of silkworm released to farmersThree high yielding hybrids of silkworm released to farmers• Network projects initiated for use of molecular markers in breeding of Network projects initiated for use of molecular markers in breeding of

disease-resistant silkworm and pest- and disease-resistant mulberrydisease-resistant silkworm and pest- and disease-resistant mulberry• Molecular characteriztion of non-mulberry silkworm (Tasar, muga, eri)Molecular characteriztion of non-mulberry silkworm (Tasar, muga, eri)• Spider silkSpider silk

– Biophysical properties of spider silk proteins produced by Indian Biophysical properties of spider silk proteins produced by Indian speciesspecies

– Sourcing of spider silk genes and expression in Sourcing of spider silk genes and expression in Bombyx moriBombyx mori– Prospecting of Indian spiders venom for therapeutic purposesProspecting of Indian spiders venom for therapeutic purposes– Application of nanobiotechnology to spider silkApplication of nanobiotechnology to spider silk


Medicinal & Aromatic PlantsMedicinal & Aromatic Plants• Four national gene banks established - about 3500 accessions Four national gene banks established - about 3500 accessions • Two specialized germplasm banks set up for plants used in Indian System of Two specialized germplasm banks set up for plants used in Indian System of

MedicinesMedicines• Production of high value therapeutic compounds in cell culture Production of high value therapeutic compounds in cell culture

(Podophyllotoxin, guggulsterones Z&E, camptothecin and azadirachtin)(Podophyllotoxin, guggulsterones Z&E, camptothecin and azadirachtin)• Isolation and characterization of new thereapeutic leads (for anticancer, Isolation and characterization of new thereapeutic leads (for anticancer,

antiamoebic, antidiabetic, bioenhancers, immunomodulatory).antiamoebic, antidiabetic, bioenhancers, immunomodulatory).• Clinical trial of standardized herbal preparations - Clinical trial of standardized herbal preparations - Terminalia arjunaTerminalia arjuna – left – left

ventricular dysfunctionventricular dysfunction• Five technologies transferred to industry; several other leads under Five technologies transferred to industry; several other leads under

discussion with industrydiscussion with industry• Herbals for veterinary health care - priorities identified Herbals for veterinary health care - priorities identified • Functional genomics of selected medicinal and aromatic plantsFunctional genomics of selected medicinal and aromatic plants• Plants as bioreactor for production of biomolecules (antigens for cholera, Plants as bioreactor for production of biomolecules (antigens for cholera,

rabies), antibodies for therapeutics and industrial enzymesrabies), antibodies for therapeutics and industrial enzymes


BiofertilizersBiofertilizers • 23,000 ha demonstrated for use of biofertilizers; 23,000 ha demonstrated for use of biofertilizers;

50,000 farmers benefited50,000 farmers benefited

• 10 packages for Integrated Nutrient 10 packages for Integrated Nutrient Management developed for specific cropping Management developed for specific cropping system of varied agroclimatic zonessystem of varied agroclimatic zones

• A network project on development of efficient A network project on development of efficient strains of biofertilisers launched at 11 centresstrains of biofertilisers launched at 11 centres

• Liquid biofertilizer technology Liquid biofertilizer technology

– – being developedbeing developed


BiopesticidesBiopesticides• Technology Development and Demonstration Technology Development and Demonstration

– 24 Integrated Pest Management technology packages 24 Integrated Pest Management technology packages developed; 7 transferred to industrydeveloped; 7 transferred to industry

– Over 150,000 ha covered in different agroclimatic Over 150,000 ha covered in different agroclimatic zones; 65,000 farmers benefitedzones; 65,000 farmers benefited

– Insect sex pheromones successfully synthesized and Insect sex pheromones successfully synthesized and field-tested for the mass trapping of brinjal shoot and field-tested for the mass trapping of brinjal shoot and fruit borerfruit borer

– More than 615 plant extracts prospected as source of More than 615 plant extracts prospected as source of pesticides; 11 promising leads short listed for further pesticides; 11 promising leads short listed for further investigationinvestigation

• Product DevelopmentProduct Development– ‘‘Bioprahar’: biopesticide (for cabbage and cauliflower) Bioprahar’: biopesticide (for cabbage and cauliflower)

developed by ICGEB, launched commercially (2004)developed by ICGEB, launched commercially (2004)


BioprospectingBioprospecting– Bioprospecting of genes / molecules – Bioprospecting of genes / molecules –

• 96 stress related genes identified, characterized and 96 stress related genes identified, characterized and cloned, salt resistance gene transferred to rice and mung cloned, salt resistance gene transferred to rice and mung bean, field trials of transgenic rice being conductedbean, field trials of transgenic rice being conducted

• Product development – Product development –

– Microbial biofertilizers for coastal regionMicrobial biofertilizers for coastal region

– Biopesticide for bollworm (Biopesticide for bollworm (HelicoverpaHelicoverpa))

– SOD antioxidant – skin creamSOD antioxidant – skin cream

– Over 4000 plant species from Western Himalayas and Over 4000 plant species from Western Himalayas and Western ghats screened for natural dyes; nine short listed as Western ghats screened for natural dyes; nine short listed as potential sourcespotential sources

– Network project on lac biotechnology initiatedNetwork project on lac biotechnology initiated

– Chemical and genetic profiling, conservation – Chemical and genetic profiling, conservation –

6 endangered medicinal plant species6 endangered medicinal plant species


Microbial DiversityMicrobial Diversity– Arid Zones : 48 Saline tolerant algal species, screened for pigment production, Arid Zones : 48 Saline tolerant algal species, screened for pigment production,

soil conditioning and nitrogen fixationsoil conditioning and nitrogen fixation– Cold Habitats : > 100 bacterial species isolated from soil and water samples from Cold Habitats : > 100 bacterial species isolated from soil and water samples from

Antarctica Antarctica – Hot Springs and sulfur springs : > 150 Actinomycetes species isolated, potential Hot Springs and sulfur springs : > 150 Actinomycetes species isolated, potential

rifamycin producer identifiedrifamycin producer identified– Hydrocarbon contaminated Sites : 12 oil refineries screened, > 350 bacteria Hydrocarbon contaminated Sites : 12 oil refineries screened, > 350 bacteria

species isolated, thermophilic Bacterial consortium developed for enhancing Oil species isolated, thermophilic Bacterial consortium developed for enhancing Oil recovery from Oil wellsrecovery from Oil wells

– Marine Sources: > 500 Bacterial isolates screened for secondary metabolites, Marine Sources: > 500 Bacterial isolates screened for secondary metabolites, benzoate and phenol degraders identified benzoate and phenol degraders identified

– Forest Belts: Virgin ecosystems, novel entomopathogenic and keratinolytic fungi Forest Belts: Virgin ecosystems, novel entomopathogenic and keratinolytic fungi Isolated and identifiedIsolated and identified

– Enhancement of Oil Recovery from dead Oil wells - Bacterial Consortium Enhancement of Oil Recovery from dead Oil wells - Bacterial Consortium developed which on being injected in sick oil wells under high pressure leads to developed which on being injected in sick oil wells under high pressure leads to oil recovery, tested in 25 Oil Wells of ONGC, helped in extraction of 4500 cubic oil recovery, tested in 25 Oil Wells of ONGC, helped in extraction of 4500 cubic meters of oil worth US$675000meters of oil worth US$675000


Environment BiotechnologyEnvironment Biotechnology• Conservation of endangered animals – especially big Conservation of endangered animals – especially big

cats – through embryo transfer technology and tissue cats – through embryo transfer technology and tissue bankingbanking

• Use of lichens as indicators of environmental pollutionUse of lichens as indicators of environmental pollution• Bioremediation of degraded ecosystems Bioremediation of degraded ecosystems • Green technologies to treat industrial effluents (paper Green technologies to treat industrial effluents (paper

& pulp, dyes, distilleries, tanneries etc)& pulp, dyes, distilleries, tanneries etc)• Bioscrubber for removal of obnoxious industrial Bioscrubber for removal of obnoxious industrial

emissionsemissions• 14 technology packages developed; 5 under use by 14 technology packages developed; 5 under use by

industryindustry• Programme on microbial approaches to combat global Programme on microbial approaches to combat global

warmingwarming


Medical BiotechnologyMedical Biotechnology

• VaccinesVaccines

• DiagnosticsDiagnostics

• TherapeuticsTherapeutics

• Stem Cell TechnologyStem Cell Technology

• Biomedical EngineeringBiomedical Engineering

• NanomedicinesNanomedicines

• Clinical Trials and Clinical ResearchClinical Trials and Clinical Research


Vaccines• Rabies Rabies : DNA vaccine, phase III animal trials : DNA vaccine, phase III animal trials

completed. completed.• CholeraCholera : Recombinant oral vaccine, Phase II : Recombinant oral vaccine, Phase II

trial. trial.• MalariaMalaria : Phase I clinical trials initiated.: Phase I clinical trials initiated.• RotavirusRotavirus : Phase I clinical trials underway: Phase I clinical trials underway• JEVJEV : Vaccine technology transferred to : Vaccine technology transferred to

industry industry• HIV/AIDSHIV/AIDS : DNA candidate for subtype ‘C’ : DNA candidate for subtype ‘C’

developed developed • AnthraxAnthrax : Phase III clinical trials initiated.: Phase III clinical trials initiated. • Infectious Bovine RhinotracheitisInfectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis : Commercialised: Commercialised

(cattle)(cattle)


DiagnosticsDiagnostics

Transferred to the Industries & Transferred to the Industries & Launched in the Market :Launched in the Market :

Western Blot for HIV-I & II : HIV/AIDSWestern Blot for HIV-I & II : HIV/AIDS Naked Eye Agglutination : HIV/AIDSNaked Eye Agglutination : HIV/AIDS

System (NEVA)System (NEVA) ELISAELISA : Hepatitis ‘C’ : Hepatitis ‘C’ ELISAELISA : : LeishmaniasisLeishmaniasis ELISAELISA : : Alpha-feto Protein Alpha-feto Protein

(Pregnant (Pregnant Women)Women)

Transferred, yet to be launched :Transferred, yet to be launched : IgM Mac ELISA IgM Mac ELISA : Dengue: Dengue

Japanese Japanese EncephalitisEncephalitis

West NileWest Nile IgM – ELISA IgM – ELISA : Hepatitis ‘A’: Hepatitis ‘A’ Urine Based ELISA : Reproductive Urine Based ELISA : Reproductive

Hormones Hormones

Under Development & Under Development & NegotiationsNegotiations

for Transfer :for Transfer : DATDAT : Toxoplasmosis : Toxoplasmosis Haemagglutination Assay : Haemagglutination Assay :

LeishmaniasisLeishmaniasis IFA IFA : Rabies: Rabies Species Specific Tests : Snake BitesSpecies Specific Tests : Snake Bites PCR Assay PCR Assay : Tuberculosis: Tuberculosis Multiplex PCRMultiplex PCR : STD : STD PCRPCR : Leptospirosis: Leptospirosis In-vitroIn-vitro Assay : Anti-Inflammatory Assay : Anti-Inflammatory

DrugsDrugs Immunochromatogrpahy/ : Immunochromatogrpahy/ :

TuberculosisTuberculosis / ELISA Assay/ ELISA Assay PCR AssayPCR Assay : Typhoid : Typhoid


Diagnostics : Diagnostics : New initiativesNew initiativesFuture Plan:Future Plan:

New Innovative Technologies, easy to perform rapid, affordable New Innovative Technologies, easy to perform rapid, affordable including those that detect Multiple Diseases through Syndrome including those that detect Multiple Diseases through Syndrome Approach useful for Medical Practices and Public Health ProgrammesApproach useful for Medical Practices and Public Health Programmes

New platforms :New platforms :– Optical Thin Film BiosensorsOptical Thin Film Biosensors– Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for Disease DiagnosisMicro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for Disease Diagnosis– Quantum DotsQuantum Dots– Single diagnosticsSingle diagnostics

• Tuberculosis, malaria, TORCH, Viral load in HIV, Tuberculosis, malaria, TORCH, Viral load in HIV, Neonatal sepsis, Thyroid function, STD, Typhoid, Mycosis, Neonatal sepsis, Thyroid function, STD, Typhoid, Mycosis, Cardiac screen, diabetic screenCardiac screen, diabetic screen

– Syndromic Detection: Syndromic Detection: • Malaria, Typhoid, Dengue and TuberculosisMalaria, Typhoid, Dengue and Tuberculosis• HIV/HCV, HBV, Malaria and Syphilis infections in blood for HIV/HCV, HBV, Malaria and Syphilis infections in blood for

transfusiontransfusion– Indigenous production of control panels, sera.Indigenous production of control panels, sera.


Stem Cell ResearchStem Cell Research

• To establish stem cell banking facility in the To establish stem cell banking facility in the country. country.

• To develop well characterized stem cell lines. To develop well characterized stem cell lines. • Potential use of embryonic stem cell lines to Potential use of embryonic stem cell lines to

generate various organs. generate various organs. • Regeneration of tissues for stem cells obtained Regeneration of tissues for stem cells obtained

from aborted foetus from aborted foetus • Basic understanding of the signaling Basic understanding of the signaling

mechanisms and differentiation of stem cells. mechanisms and differentiation of stem cells.


BioengineeringBioengineering

• Tissue Engineering and Stem CellsTissue Engineering and Stem Cells

• Biomaterials for TherapeuticsBiomaterials for Therapeutics

• Biomedical DevicesBiomedical Devices

• Biomedical InstrumentationBiomedical Instrumentation

• BiosensorsBiosensors


NanobiotechnologyNanobiotechnology

– Nano-particles for diagnostic/therapeutic useNano-particles for diagnostic/therapeutic use

– Biosynthesis of Nano-particlesBiosynthesis of Nano-particles

– Biological templates for nano-particle Biological templates for nano-particle assemblyassembly

– Bio-nano compositesBio-nano composites

– Imaging/sensing of Nano-particles/bio-Imaging/sensing of Nano-particles/bio-moleculesmolecules


Technology transferProducts in Market resulting in import

substitution and value addition

• HIV diagnostic kits-Western Blot and ELISA test , • Liposome mediated Amphotericin B drug delivery

system, • Leprosy vaccine (1st of its kind in the world), • 14 diagnostic kits for detection of Pregnancy and

contraceptive problems, • 12 Packages for bio-remediation of petroleum oil spills, • 6 bio-fertilizers, • 5 bio-pesticides formulations• 6 Plant Tissue Culture protocols


Biotech Products in Indian marketBiotech Products in Indian market

• r DNA Hep ‘B’ vacciner DNA Hep ‘B’ vaccine• Recombinant streptokinaseRecombinant streptokinase• ErythropoietinErythropoietin• α, β, γ – interferonα, β, γ – interferon• Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae B vaccine B vaccine• Human insulinHuman insulin• Human Growth HormoneHuman Growth Hormone• Human InterleukinHuman Interleukin• Streptokinase Streptokinase • Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor • Follicle Stimulating HormoneFollicle Stimulating Hormone• Tissue Plasminogen ActivatorTissue Plasminogen Activator


Biosafety RegulationsBiosafety Regulations

• Recombinant DNA Safety Guidelines (1990) (1990)• Revised Guidelines for Safety in Biotechnology - -

toxicity and allergenicity evaluation (1994)toxicity and allergenicity evaluation (1994)• Revised Guidelines for Research in Transgenic

Plants & Guidelines for Preclinical and clinical data Preclinical and clinical data for r-DNA based vaccines, diagnostics and other for r-DNA based vaccines, diagnostics and other biologicals (1998)biologicals (1998)

• Ethical policy on Human Genome and Genetic Ethical policy on Human Genome and Genetic research and services (2000)research and services (2000)

• Regulations being simplified in an ongoing Regulations being simplified in an ongoing dynamic process.dynamic process.


Other initiatives• Establishment of patent facilitation cell to promote national

and international patents of indigenous innovations

• 112 patents filled - 7 international patents and 7 national patents granted.

• Revision of biosafety guidelines for transgenic plants.

• Guidelines for clinical trials of recombinant DNA vaccines formulated and published.

• Single window application processing mechanism for recombinant products setup.

• Accession to Budapest Treaty on microorganisms and establishment of International Depository Authority.

• National bioethics committee setup : Ethical policies on human genome, genetic research and services published.


Indian Biotechnology IndustryIndian Biotechnology Industry

Number of biotech companies Number of biotech companies : 300: 300Global ranking in terms biotech companiesGlobal ranking in terms biotech companies : 11: 11Investment growth in last 5 yearsInvestment growth in last 5 years : 50 % per annum: 50 % per annumAnnual Turnover (Apr 04 – Mar 05) Annual Turnover (Apr 04 – Mar 05) : US $ 1.07 Billion: US $ 1.07 BillionAnnual increase Annual increase : 37 %: 37 %Percentage of global business Percentage of global business (2004-05)(2004-05) : 1.6 %: 1.6 %

(2003-04)(2003-04) : 1.5 %: 1.5 %(2002-03) (2002-03) : 1.2 %: 1.2 %

ExportsExports : 43 %: 43 %Major areas : Biopharma, Bioservices, Bioindustries,Major areas : Biopharma, Bioservices, Bioindustries,

Bioagriculture, bioinformatics, BiosuppliesBioagriculture, bioinformatics, Biosupplies


Indian Biotech Industry 2004-05Indian Biotech Industry 2004-05

Total turnover US $ 1.07 Billion

75%

7%

9% 7% 2%Bio Pharma

Bio Agri

Bio Services

Bio Industrial

Bioinformatics


Sectoral Growth %Sectoral Growth %2004-052004-05

75

154

55

34

25

0 50 100 150 200

Bio Pharma

Bio Agri

Bio Services

Bio Industrial

Bioinformatics


Indian Biotech IndustryIndian Biotech Industry


Indian Biotech ExportsIndian Biotech Exports


Indian Biotech Domestic MarketIndian Biotech Domestic Market


Indian Biotech GrowsIndian Biotech Grows


Areas of oppurtunity in IndiaAreas of oppurtunity in India

• Vaccines, dignostics and therapeuticsVaccines, dignostics and therapeutics• Biomedical devices, instruments and sensorsBiomedical devices, instruments and sensors• Bioartificial organs using tissue engineering and Bioartificial organs using tissue engineering and

stem cellsstem cells• Clinical trial and contract researchClinical trial and contract research• Agriculuture – disease and pest resistant, Agriculuture – disease and pest resistant,

drought and salinity tolerant seeds and plantsdrought and salinity tolerant seeds and plants• Biofertilisers and BiopesticidesBiofertilisers and Biopesticides• BioinformaticsBioinformatics


International Collaboration• Europe : U.K., Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, Norway,

Poland, France, Russia, Belarus, Denmark • North America : USA• South America : Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Cuba• Asia:

Multilateral : ASEAN, SAARC, BINASIA, Asian Cooperation dialogue (ACD)

Bilateral : Myanmar, Vietnam, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, Mangolia, China, Japan, Sri Lanka,

South Korea, Syria, Israel, Iran• Africa : Sudan, Egypt, Tunisia, Mauritius• Australia : Australia


DBT-TWAS Biotechnology Fellowships DBT-TWAS Biotechnology Fellowships for students Of Third World Countries for students Of Third World Countries

for ftudy In Indian Laboratoriesfor ftudy In Indian Laboratories

Ph.D. Fellowships for 3 years – 25 Fellowships each yearPh.D. Fellowships for 3 years – 25 Fellowships each year Post Doctoral Fellowships for one year – 25 Fellowships each Post Doctoral Fellowships for one year – 25 Fellowships each

yearyear Fellowship providesFellowship provides

• Air fare Air fare • Monthly stipendMonthly stipend• House Rent AllowanceHouse Rent Allowance• Medical AllowanceMedical Allowance• Contingency grantContingency grant

Application to be sent to TWAS, Trieste by 31Application to be sent to TWAS, Trieste by 31stst August each year August each year Forms available on DBT and TWAS web sites: Forms available on DBT and TWAS web sites:

http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/research/researchfmain.htmlhttp://www.dbtindia.nic.in/research/researchfmain.html http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~twas/hg/DBT-TWAS_Postgrad.html http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~twas/hg/DBT-TWAS_Postgrad.html http://www.ictp.trieste.it/~twas/hg/DBT-TWAS_Postdoc.htmlhttp://www.ictp.trieste.it/~twas/hg/DBT-TWAS_Postdoc.html


Some New InitiativesSome New Initiatives

National Biotechnology Development Strategy National Biotechnology Development Strategy

– – A Policy Document and 10 year Road Map A Policy Document and 10 year Road Map

A Central pool of high caliber ScientistsA Central pool of high caliber Scientists

Small Business Innovation Research Initiative Small Business Innovation Research Initiative (SBIRI) – A funding mechanism for supporting (SBIRI) – A funding mechanism for supporting early stage Pre-proof-of-concept research and early stage Pre-proof-of-concept research and product development in small and medium product development in small and medium private enterprises private enterprises


International conference in BioinformaticsInternational conference in BioinformaticsInCoB2006InCoB2006

InCoB2006 at Delhi will be the 5th Annual bioinformatics Conference of InCoB2006 at Delhi will be the 5th Annual bioinformatics Conference of the Asia and Pacific Bioinformatics Network (APBioNet)the Asia and Pacific Bioinformatics Network (APBioNet)

Earlier events :Earlier events :

InCoB2002InCoB2002 :: Bangkok, ThailandBangkok, Thailand

InCoB2003InCoB2003 : : Penang, MalaysiaPenang, Malaysia

InCoB2004InCoB2004 : : Auckland, New ZealandAuckland, New Zealand

InCoB2005InCoB2005 : : Busan, KoreaBusan, Korea

Venue for InCoB2006 : Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, IndiaVenue for InCoB2006 : Ashok Hotel, New Delhi, India

Dates : Dates : 13-15 November, 200613-15 November, 2006

Participants expected : 500 from all over the worldParticipants expected : 500 from all over the world

The next meeting of BINASIA could be held at New Delhi immediately The next meeting of BINASIA could be held at New Delhi immediately preceding the InCoB2006 preceding the InCoB2006


Consult Our Web sitewww.dbtindia.nic.in

contact :[email protected]

[email protected]

http://www.dbtindia.nic.in/

mailto:[email protected]

24-Jan-06BINASIA - INDIA1 BIOTECHNOLOGY IN INDIA U. N. BEHERA Joint Secretary Department of...

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