Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 1

acid base regulation

40102013

Acid base balance

acid base balance

acid

acid

hydrogen ions

Acid H ion donor

Ionized H ion

acid

Acid ionized H ion

HCL H2 CO3HCL Hydrogen ion

carbonic acid H ions

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 2

HCL strong acid

H2 CO3 weak acid

strong acid

H ions

H ions

ionization H ions

PH

Carbonic acid

carbonic acid weak acid

weak acid

H ions

HCL H2 CO3

HCL

H ions

HCL

acid

weak acid strong acid

Buffer

BufferH ions

BufferH ions

weak acid

PH

Buffer H ions

weak acid PH

Buffer

By definitionSalt of weak acid

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 3

Na HCO3

acidic alkaline

Nutrient

H ion

weak acid weak acid

PH

buffer

Buffer

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 4

aerobic anaerobic

Aerobicoxygen

ATP

CO2Carbonic acid H2 CO3

carbonic acid

carbonic acid acidic alkaline

Acidic

Carbonic acidcarbonic acid carbonic acid

anaerobic

acid

Lactic acidacidic

metabolism acid

Aerobicanaerobic acid

metabolism acid

acid

metabolism acid

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 5

mainly

buffer

salt of weak acid

buffer

buffer

buffer

60 %buffering effect intracellular

buffer

curve

shift to the left

shift to the right

curve

curve

buffer buffer

40 %buffering effect fluid 60 %buffering effect

salt of weak acid

Na HCO3

lactate

buffers

salt of weak acid

buffer

lactate

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 6

buffer

Lung

H ion

H2 CO3carbonic acid

H ion

carbonic acid

Lung

carbonic acid

Kidney

carbonic anhydrase

proximal convoluted tubules

distal convoluted tubules

Lung

metabolism mainly

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 7

60 %buffering effect

40 %buffering effect

buffering

Dilution

dilution

60 %

dilution

dilution

70 %

70 %

dilution

dilution

dilution

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 8

dilution

Lung and kidney

equation

acid base balance

PH

PH

PH

pKa + log ( HCO3 / H2CO3 )

PH pKa + log ( HCO3 / H2CO3 )

2

constant

22/7 3.14

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 9

) dissociation constant

dissociation constant

carbonic acid 6.1

HCL 2

pKa

carbonic acid

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 10

PH

buffering effect

pKa 6.1

PH

6.1

PH

20

20

level

level carbonic acid

carbonic acid

respiratory acidosis respiratory alkalosis

Metabolic acidosismetabolic alkalosis

pKa 6.1

20

acid base balance

MCQ acid base balance

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 11

Level

carbonic acid level

ratio

20

Tachypneatachypnea

wash CO2

wash carbonic acid

wash CO2wash carbonic acid

Alkalosis

alkalosis

Kidney

Lung carbonic acid

carbonic acid

carbonic acid lung

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 12

Kidney

20

Lung

kidney 20

PH

alkalosis

kidney

capacity

respiratory alkalosis

PH

alkalosis

PH alkalosis

renal compensation

kidney

Level carbonic acid

ratio carbonic acid

Lung

kidney

20

alkalosis

Acid base Regulation - Dr. Al-Matary

P a g e | 13

renal compensation

PH

carbonic acid ratio

20

carbonic acid

carbonic acid

20

carbonic acid

carbonic acid kidney

alkalosis

alkalosis

renal compensation

respiratory alkalosis

respiratory failure

Respiratory failurepulmonary fibrosis

T.B. T.B. Healing fibrosis

respiratory failure

respiratory failure carbon dioxide retention CO2 retention