23347906 M9 ENI Environment 1

MANAGEMENT of HEALTH, SAFETY, ENVIRONMENT and

QUALITY SYSTEMS

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Module M.9 “Environmental Management”

University of PisaUniversity of Pisa

“Master Universitario di II livello” “Master Universitario di II livello”

MANAGEMENT of HEALTH, SAFETY, MANAGEMENT of HEALTH, SAFETY,

ENVIRONMENT and QUALITY SYSTEMSENVIRONMENT and QUALITY SYSTEMS

M.9ENI E&P and the environment

Prof. Leonardo Tognotti

University of Pisa

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Introduction to Environmental Engineering

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Environment fundamentals: mass and energy transfer

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ENI E&P and Environment: the documents

Program of the day

Environment fundamentals: environmental chemistry

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ENI E&P documents: some examples

1.3.0.01 Directive - Organization of the Health, Safety, Environment and Public Safety Integrated Management System

1.3.0.03 Standard: HSE Risk Management

1.3.0.05 Standard : HSE Risk Reporting”

1.3.4.01 Standard Identificazione aspetti ambientali significativi

1.3.4.02 Procedura Applicativa: Identificazione aspetti ambientali e valutazione della loro significatività

1.3.4.04 Standard: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) in E&P Operations

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ENI Doc. 1.3.0.01: Organisation of the HSE and PS Integrated Management System

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HSE IMS

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ENI Doc. 1.3.0.01: Organisation of the HSE and PS Integrated Management System

SCOPE

Every Subsidiary and Affiliated Company in Italy and abroad (hereinafter “Company”, “Business Unit” or “Organization”) shall implement its own HSE IMS in compliance with this Directive and with any other specific principles and requirements, depending on the Organization’s business needs and the local context in which it operates.

Any Business Unit’s HSE IMS shall:

(a) consider the management of HSE aspects of its own activities and those undertaken in joint venture with other operators.

(b) report, justify and document the above-mentioned “further principles” and requirements in a dedicated “Conformance Matrix”.

(c) plan a periodical review in order to check and ensure full compliance the basic principles and requirements of the E&P Division’s HSE IMS.

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E&P Division: HSE IMS organisation

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Risk management: example (see Directive)

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Risk management: example (see Directive)

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HSE Risk Management – Doc. N. 1.3.0.03

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Provides the assessment criteria to be used in the activities of Risk Evaluation and Identification of Reduction Measures.

The tolerability of risk is referred to:

People – the health protection and promotion and safety of people involved in Eni E&P division operations and activities or of other people who could be affected by them.

Critical Equipment Protecting Personnel - damage to or loss of equipment and facilities playing a vital role in protecting personnel from hazardous events.

·Environment – damage to the environment deriving from operational activities or from incidents.

·Assets and Operations – damage to the Company’s assets and/or impacts on projects and/or production losses.

Reputation – damage to the business or to the ‘License to Operate’ or to the overall value of the Company deriving from HSE risks; it includes, inter alia, the image.

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RISK AND CATEGORIES OF RISK

EVENT RISK

Risk is a function of the likelihood of an event and the severity of its consequences. The risk from a particular event, the “Event Risk” is the HSE risk associated with a specific, discrete scenario (such as helicopter crash, transport accident, oil spill, etc.) in terms of effects on people, environment, assets and reputation and is usually assessed qualitatively.

………………………………………………

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK

The Environmental Risk is the risk to the environment from different activities that fall under the responsibility of the Company. As a consequence, environmental risk management should take account of the exposure of the environmental resources to a variety of activities which constitute, as a whole, the sustainable development of the Company itself

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IDENTIFICATION OF HAZARDS AND EFFECTS

The identification of potential HSE hazards and effects covers all phases of the Company’s processes and related activities at the appropriate level of accuracy, taking also into account all phases in the life of any installation, including temporary conditions dictated by maintenance activities.

For each activity, the most significant hazards are identified and the likely effects are then assessed to determine whether each hazard is significant or not in relation to health, environment, assets and Company reputation

HazardAnything with the potential to cause harm, including ill health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment; production losses or increased liabilities. (OGP report 6.36/210, 1994 ‘Guidelines for the development and application of health, safety and environmental management systems’).

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RISK EVALUATION

(REF. HSE IMS B-1.3)

Risk evaluation requires consideration of both the severity of the consequences of a potential hazard and the likelihood of their realisation.

Each risk is assessed by consideration of the following factors:• how often the hazard is likely to occur;• the likelihood of the hazard resulting in an accident;• the severity of the consequences.

Such information can be retrieved from various sources, including:• ·internal knowledge and experience of line / project / department

managers and HSE experts;• industry frequency and failure rate databases and co-operative research

programmes;• relevant international, national and Eni E&P Division standards and codes of

practice;• industry and trade association codes of practice and other guidance

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MEASUREMENT OF RISK

In order to interpret risk to people, reputation etc. some means of measurement of risk is required. Since risk is in its simplest terms consequences times frequency, obvious types of measure may be:

· Fatalities / occupational illness per year ( risk to people)

· Spills per transfer operation (risk to the environment)

· Financial losses per year (asset losses)

Apart from financial loss which is relatively easy to measure in risk terms, all other areas present problems. Environmental risk is particularly difficult to define except in terms of specific items such as spills as detailed above.

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MEASUREMENT OF RISK

Environmental risk is particularly difficult to define except in terms of specific items such as spills as detailed above.

Some of the problems with the measurement of environmental risk are described below:

• Some environmental discharges are continuous but have indeterminate effects• Some environmental hazards are short term in duration but have long term

effects changing over time• Some environmental hazards may have quite different effects on for example, air

quality, water quality and ecology, making a global measure of environmental risk difficult to define.

These problems make the use of matrices discussed later, particularly helpful for environmental risk measurement.

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Event Risk Screening Matrix:Provides definition of consequences and a range of qualitative criteria to estimate likelyhood / probability or frequency.

This shall be used in the identification of high level HSE risks during risk screening (Major Hazard Analysis, Environmental Impact Assessment, etc.)

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HSE Risk Mangement – Doc. N. 1.3.0.03

Environmental risks: Matrix derived from a document prepared by OLF’s environemental committee for oil spills to sea and has been extended to on-shore activities too.

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HSE Risk Mangement – Doc. N. 1.3.0.0

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RISK REGISTERS

From the risk identification process a list of significant risks should be identified and transferred to Risk Registers for that particular project / operating unit. The Risk Registers should demonstrate that:

•all hazards, effects and threats have been identified

•the likelihood / probability / frequency and consequences of a hazardous event have been assessed

•controls to manage potential causes (threatened barriers) are in place

•recovery preparedness measures to mitigate potential consequences have been taken.

The Risk Register is a live document and is passed from phase to phase of a development through to abandonment. The purpose of the Risk Registers is to provide an assurance process that demonstrate appropriate and effective controls are in place.

A Risk Register Proforma is included in Appendix D.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) in E&P operations – Doc. N. 1.3.4.04

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Company operations can be broken down in four main areas of activity:

1. Exploration (e.g. Seismic, drilling of exploration wells)

2. Development (e.g. construction, drilling of development wells, piping installation)

3. Production.(e.g. plant and facility operations, revamping, etc)

4. Decommissioning

The highest complexity of impact assessment studies, in terms of environmental components, technical challenges, stakeholders’ engagement and costs can be found in type 2 and 3 activities (development and production).

A list of project activities with some examples of associated impacts (not exhaustive) is illustrated in Annex A.

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RATIONALE OF AN E(S)IA

The basic technical goal of any E(S)IA process is to predict, evaluate and mitigate the impacts due to a proposed project.

The HSE Manager is responsible for ensuring that the environmental and social issues are integrated in a timely and cost-effective way during project preparation and implementation

Prediction

Prediction of the magnitude of impacts requires the use of specific techniques and tools (e.g. HazId, HazOp, Risk Assessment, models for the dispersion of contaminants in air and water, etc...).

Evaluation

Evaluation of the significance and acceptability of the impacts needs a threshold level to be taken as a reference exceeded which the environmental damage is considered unacceptable and the proposed project is environmentally incompatible.

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RATIONALE OF AN E(S)IA (cnt)

In defining this threshold level, it is necessary to refer to country regulations first, apply Company standards and then consider the following criteria:

• Magnitude and Intensity: defined as the potential to affect a wide area, a large number of receptors, or affect receptors with a significant intensity.

• Duration (short term/long term): evaluated considering the time span of duration of the activity causing the impact.

• Sensitivity of Receptors: characteristic that describes the level of resilience of the environment to the considered impacts.

• Reversibility of the Impacts: defined as the potential to cause temporary or permanent changes to any aspect of the environment.

• Comparison with legal requirements, policies and standards.

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RATIONALE OF AN E(S)IA (cnt)

Mitigation

Mitigation measures will be built into the design phase through continuous interaction between the engineering design process and the predict/evaluate/mitigate sequence in the E(S)IA process.

The aim is to avoid or minimize as many of the potentially significant environmental and social impacts as practicable, while enhancing the positive benefits of the project wherever possible. This is achieved by assessing a wide range of options against numerous criteria including environmental and social impact, safety, technical feasibility, cost, and stakeholder concerns.

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Mitigation

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Monitoring

The last key element of the E(S)IA process is the monitoring programme, voluntarily defined by the Company or required by regulators. This will bridge the gap between the predict/evaluate/mitigate sequence of the E(S)IA process and the inclusion of the findings/commitments in the HSE-IMS. It also sets elements for the monitoring environmental/social impacts of the project and/or the effectiveness of mitigation measures.

The monitoring programme should continue throughout the entire lifecycle of the project until decommissioning and restoration take place. Specifically, it provides:

• a specific description and technical details of monitoring measures, including: parameters to be tracked, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements and definition of thresholds that will signal the need for corrective actions, and

• monitoring and reporting procedures to ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures and to provide information on the progress and results of mitigation.

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Environmental Assessment Impact studies

In general, depending on the type, location, sensitivity of projects and on the nature and magnitude of their potential impacts, different types of instruments can be used to satisfy E(S)IA requirements and to report the E(S)IA process and its findings.

1. Environmental Screening

2. Scoping

3. Preliminary Environmental Impact Assessment

4. Environmental Impact Assessment

5. Environmental and social impact assessment

6. Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment

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1. Environmental Screening

An Environmental Screening is performed, basically, for activities whose potential impacts are marginal. These impacts are site-specific, usually reversible and in most cases mitigation measures can be designed in advance.

The Environmental Screening should be carried out in order to:

• describe the environmental sensitivity of the area affected by the project;

• provide an analysis of the main case histories related to projects that caused similar HSE issues and/or impacts;

• provide an analysis of the potential significant HSE hazards related to the projects.

The final document is a report aimed at focusing on a project’s potential environmental effects which are considered to be minimal or not requiring the development of a full E(S)IA report. It may vary from project to project, providing full and detailed justification for the levels and approaches chosen for the particular project or site.

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Content of an Environmental Screening

Analysis of geographic location

Describes the project’s technical, geographic, environmental and temporal context, in order to provide an understanding of the environmental sensitivity of the area involved.

Available data will be collected from bibliography and completed by a specific survey in the field. In particular, the following will be provided:

• brief description of the project • geographical data about the dimension of the area involved (including land maps) • information about the territorial administrative framework (including identification of

main land uses and any protected areas, and development of relative thematic maps)

• HSE issues such as a brief characterization of water resources, geology and soil, ecosystems, landscape, public health and social-economic aspects.

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Content of an Environmental Screening

Analysis of historical precedents

Analysis of the main case histories related to similar projects which caused HSE issues.

Analysis of Known Hazards

• Provide an identification of potential significant HSE hazards related to the projects on the basis of the following criteria:

• Magnitude and Intensity: defined as the potential to affect a wide area, a large number of receptors, or affect receptors with a significant intensity;

• Duration (short term/long term): evaluated considering the time span of duration of the activity causing the impact;

• Sensitivity of Receptors: characteristic that describes the level of resilience of the environment to the considered impacts;

• Reversibility of the Impacts: defined as the potential to cause temporary or permanent changes to any aspect of the environment;

• Comparison with legal requirements, policies and standards.

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2. Scoping

The scoping process is carried out in order to identify specific HSE issues and to develop the Terms of Reference (TOR) for the E(S)IA report.

Scoping is a specialist activity that requires evaluation of the project proposal, a review of potential environmental/social hazards and their significance and an appraisal of the most appropriate techniques for impact prediction.

Therefore, during this phase, likely environmental/social impacts are qualitatively identified and the project’s area of influence is preliminarily defined.

As a part of this process, information about the project and its likely environmental/social effects is provided to local stakeholders, including local authorities, affected communities and NGOs, followed by consultation with stakeholder representatives. The main purpose of consultation is to focus the E(S)IA on issues of concern at a local level.

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3. Preliminary EIA

The main aims of a Preliminary EIA report are to:

• characterize the sensitivities of the area affected by the project;

• identify main hazards and evaluate impacts;

• define a strategy to avoid potential significant impacts on the identified sensitive locations;

• highlight relevant legislative constraints.

It is usually carried out according to Company Project Management System in the early project phase (feasibility/concept selection), with a lower level of detail than a full EIA report and is not submitted to authority for approval.

In addition, it could outline requirements for possible specific studies to be performed in the following phases (e.g. Full EIA report).

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Content of a Pre-EIA Report

A Preliminary EIA report is conducted in order to provide an analysis of project alternatives in the early project phase (feasibility).

This task will be performed by collecting available environmental data from bibliography and providing a description of the sensitivities of the area affected by the projects and an evaluation of the relevant environmental constraints.

The analysis of alternatives will define requirements for specific studies to be performed in the following phase (Full EIA).

The Pre-EIA report includes the following topics, as minimum:

• Executive Summary: presents significant findings and recommended actions.

• Sponsor presentation: briefly describes the sponsor’s policy and activities and explains how the proposed project fits in with them.

• Description of policy, legal and administrative framework: defines the policy, legal, and administrative framework within which the Pre-EIA is carried out. Includes the description of applicable international agreements (including transboundary issues), national and regional instruments, production sharing contracts, applicable mining codes, land and nature protection codes.

• Project description: concisely describes the proposed project alternatives in their early phases (feasibility) and includes maps showing the project’s sites and areas of influence.

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• Environmental description: assesses the dimensions of the area involved in the project and describes the existing physical, biological and socio-economic conditions in order to provide an understanding of the quality of the potentially affected environment.

Data should be relevant to decisions about project location, design, operations or mitigation measures.

Available data on terrestrial and marine environments will be collected from bibliography and satellite images and if necessary supplemented by field reconnaissance surveys.

Information to be provided for onshore projects includes:

Meteorology: meteorological data recorded by the closest meteorological stations (air temperature and humidity, rainfall, winds including seasonal and annual wind roses, stability classes statistics, visibility, site-specific parameters).

Air Quality: air quality data from Local Air Quality Guidelines, if existing, and/or air quality monitoring networks and values (including, but not limited to, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, and volatile organic compounds); identification and description of the most probable receptors.

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Land Use: identification of main land uses and any protected areas, and development of relative thematic maps.

Geology and Soil: − geologic and geomorphologic characterization (including the identification of the main land

features, such as slope, landslides, slope instability and surface expression of faults);

− soil characterization (describing types and quality);

− geotechnical characterization;

− geohazards (including landslides, seismic risk and subsidence).

Water resources: − Surface Water: hydrographic, hydrologic and hydrochemical characterization of the main

surface water bodies; characterization of the aquatic ecosystem situated in the area of influence (including sediment quality);

− Groundwater: hydrogeological characterization of groundwater and its usage, identifying recharge areas, springs, mean groundwater depth and predominant flow direction, hydraulic conductivity of main formations, vulnerability degree, groundwater hydrochemistry, well location and depth.

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Vegetation, Biota and Ecosystems: characterization of flora and vegetation; characterization of fauna; description of potential critical and sensitive elements, protected, rare and endangered species (including breeding seasons, migratory routes, etc); characterization of the ecosystems with identification of the main ecological corridors; identification of potential criticalities related to anthropic pressure.

Landscape and Cultural Heritage: characterization of the main morphological, historical-archaeological and cultural aspects of the territory.

Noise and Vibration: characterization of noise and vibration in the area of interest and identification and description of potential receptors.

Public Health: characterization of public health conditions in the area of influence of the project;

Socio-Economic Aspects: political organization, population and demographic characteristics, employment profile, economy and production activities, household income, infrastructure and services (water, sewage and waste management, electricity, roads and communications), health system and pressure factors, education, poverty indicators, civil society (NGO’s), land rights and landholding, culture, religion, tradition and tourism. These aspects are to be analysed in a very in-depth way only in the Pre-ESIA report.

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Content of a Pre-EIA Report Information to be provided for offshore projects includes:

Meteorology: meteorological data recorded by the closest meteorological stations (air temperature and humidity, rainfall, winds including seasonal and annual wind roses, stability classes statistics, visibility, site-specific parameters).

Oceanography: data about bathymetry, sea temperature, ocean circulation and currents, upwelling and tides.

Coastal Environments: characterization of shoreline and coastal areas (including photographic interpretation of satellite images, if available).

Marine Habitat: − Sediment: physiochemical characterization of the seabed;

− Water: physiochemical characterization of the water column to identify any stratification phenomenon, define its richness and primary productivity levels and evaluate its quality conditions;

− Ecosystems: characterization of the biological environments (including information about fish communities, migration and breeding times; fish nursery areas, plankton and benthic communities, birds and other marine species of importance).

Socio-Economic Aspects: general information about the site (e.g. geographic position, number of inhabitants/families, etc., as for onshore projects); specific information about fisheries (e.g. intensity of fishing activities in the area, including industrial and handcraft, fishing agreements, number of fishermen/boats, type of fish caught, fish production and marketing, fishing season, etc.); information about existing oil & gas activities in the area, port activities, shipping and transport, tourism. These aspects are to be analysed in a very in-depth way only in the Pre-ESIA report.

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Content of a Pre-EIA Report Environmental impact assessment:

for each project alternative, identifies and assesses positive and negative potential impacts. Identifies mitigation measures and any residual negative impacts that cannot be mitigated.

Proper large-scale indicators useful in the assessment of the significant potential impacts will be selected from different project alternatives for each environmental component.

Comparison of alternatives: summarises project alternatives, comparing them and stating the basis for project selection.

Conclusions: defines requirements for specific studies to be performed in the following phase (Full EIA) for the selected project.

Appendixes: should include the following items: • List of people involved in the Pre-EIA report preparation (individuals and organizations);

• Project outlines and documents, used and/or produced cartographies;

• Tables presenting important data referred to or summarized in the main text;

• References: list of bibliographic materials used in the study preparation.

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Environmental Impact Assessment

An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report is a tool aimed at identifying and assessing potential environmental impacts of a proposed project on the relative area of influence, at evaluating alternatives and at designing appropriate mitigation, monitoring and management measures.

An EIA report is carried out in order to

• define specific legislative constraints: systematic examination of all relevant applicable legislation and associated codes of practice, all current and applicable standards and all contractual agreements;

• identify key environmental sensitivities in terms of nature conservation value or local interest, relevant to the area involved in the project (e.g. climatic conditions, water quality, groundwater, surface water, sea water, air quality, GHG emissions, noise and vibration, accidental pollution, biodiversity, land use, geology and soil, subsidence);

• analyse the project’s environmental disturbance on the receiving environment and the significance of the environmental effects, using predefined acceptance criteria;

• indicate actions to avoid and/or reduce environmental impacts, identifying mitigation measures and designing proper methods to monitor environmental effects.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)

An Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) report is focused on the potential impacts of a proposed project on both the environment and communities (often restricted to socio-economic impacts). It is also aimed at evaluating alternatives and at designing appropriate mitigation, monitoring and management measures.

The ESIA analysis is largely based on a sectorial approach, with three main segments: environmental, social and integrated environmental-social.

The integrated aspects to be covered in the ESIA will include an evaluation of the impacts of a proposed project on the general social and environment issues, encompassing health, safety, economic well-being, social and local development, cultural heritage, institutional context, etc.

It should be emphasized that the ESIA represents the natural evolution of the EIA report, from a strictly technical tool toward an extensive instrument also able to analyse development prospects and recommend options, including development activities based on environmental and social sustainability criteria.

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Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA)

The specific objectives of an ESIA report are to:

• define specific legislative constraints through systematic examination of all relevant applicable legislation/standards/agreements and associated codes of practice;

• identify key sensitivities in terms of environmental value or local interest and regarding local communities potentially affected and/or involved in the project activities;

• assess the environmental, economic, and social impacts of the project on local communities and, if appropriate, on the region and society in general;

• analyse and recommend how positive effects might be increased and negative impacts avoided and/or reduced, identifying mitigation measures and designing proper monitoring methods.

In particular, a useful document to be taken into consideration is the Eni “Guide on Social Impact Assessment” (2006) that provides a methodology and a framework of concepts to help and support Eni operating units in addressing social issues within its activities, designing an approach to be adapted to specific Eni needs and local features.

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Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA)

SEIA is an appraisal procedure that examines the likely environmental impacts of proposed policies, programmes and plans.

Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment is applied by the public sector (governments, regional administration) to assess the implication of policies, plans and programmes. It may be applied at national and regional level.

In specific strategic projects a SEIA can be conducted on a voluntary basis by the Company when the project to be developed is economically, socially and environmentally sensitive and has the potential for significant long term and large scale positive/negative impacts.

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Project Classification Matrix

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Glossary

Ecosystem

A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment interacting as a functional unit (Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD, 1992)

Environment

Surroundings in which an organization operates, including air, water, land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation (ISO 14001:2004)

Environmental Impact

Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or partially resulting from an organization’s environmental aspects (ISO 14001:2004)

Environmental Impact Study

Study included in a process which makes environmental considerations an integral part of project preparation; the study must identify possible impacts on environment and proper mitigation measures in order to fulfil all environmental compatibility requirements.

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Habitat

The place or type of site where an organism or population naturally occurs (Convention on Biological Diversity, CBD, 1992)

Hazard

Anything with the potential to cause harm, including ill health or injury, damage to property, plant, products or the environment; production losses or increased liabilities. (OGP report 6.36/210, 1994 ‘Guidelines for the development and application of health, safety and environmental management systems’)

Source, situation, or act with a potential for harm in terms of human injury or ill health (3.8), or a combination of these (OHSAS 18001:2007).

Risk

Combination of the likelihood of an occurrence of a hazardous event or exposure(s) and the severity of injury or ill health that can be caused by the event or exposure(s)

(OHSAS 18001:2007)

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Sensitive Impact

Impact that may be irreversible or affect vulnerable groups or ethnic minorities, involve involuntary displacement or resettlement or affect significant cultural heritage sites (OP 4.01 – The World Bank Operational Manual – abridged)

Short-term impact

Any immediate change to the environment that lasts only for a limited period and will cease on completion of the activity as a result of mitigation measures, natural recovery or source removal

Stakeholder

Individuals and organisations that are actively involved in the project or whose interests may be positively or negatively affected as a result of project execution or project completion. They may also exert influence over the project and its results

Long-term impact

An impact that will continue over an extended period.

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ESIA in E&P operations – Doc. N. 1.3.4.04

ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable

BAT Best Available Technologies

DMS Development Management System

EIA Environmental Impact Assessment

EIS Environmental Impact Statement

EMP Environmental Management Plan

EMS Exploration Management System

ESIA Environmental & Social Impact Assessment

HSE Health Safety Environment

IMS Integrated Management System

OMS Operations Management System

OPDS Opportunity and Project Development System

OPES Opportunity and Project Exploration System

OPOS Opportunity and Project Operations System

SEIA Strategic Environmental Impact Assessment

TOR Term Of Reference

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Technology Management System- HSE HandbookDoc. N°.SVI.TMS.MA.0004.000

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The Eni E&P Management Systems (MS) provide a common framework to be implemented for the hydrocarbon field Exploration and Development Processes in the Exploration & Production (E&P) Division.

This framework aims to optimise, along the entire assets’ life, all project activities in order to reduce the overall Company Time to Market. It also provides rules and operating tools to add value to the Processes in place.

The main objectives of the Management Systems are:

• to increase project team performance;

• to provide a set of Best Practices for managing explorative and development

projects;

• to set a common language within the Division in accordance with international

standards;

• to identify operative tools to collect, share and use E&P know-how.

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The EMS is structured as follows:

• The OPES (Opportunity & Project Exploration System) defining what is required and when during the exploration process

• Three supporting systems to define how those requirements can be met.

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The DMS is is constituted by two main elements:

• The OPDS (Opportunity & Project Development System) stating what is required and when during the Development process in terms of general governance and road map;

• Three supporting systems to define how those requirements can be met.

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Technology Management System

The Technology Management System (TMS) is one of the three supporting systems that constitute both the EMS and DMS. The Technology Management System provides a comprehensive and structured set of knowledge and an integrated framework to manage and execute technical activities, thus ensuring an effective and efficient use of the Company’s resources.

Scope and Objectives

A.1.1 TMS Scope

The TMS describes the technical activities to be executed during exploration and

development projects. The system is structured on seven areas, covering different technical competencies:

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• Exploration: general co-ordination activities, exploration potential generation and evaluation

• Drilling & Completion: exploration well planning, executing, testing and abandoning, wells pre-feasibility and feasibility, wells engineering, drilling and completion execution management, production optimisation and well intervention

• Geology & Geophysics: geological and geophysical activities for reservoir study, support in exploration well and wells definition and execution

• Facilities: facilities pre-feasibility and feasibility studies, basic design, front-end engineering design, detailed engineering, construction, installation, precommissioning and commissioning

• Health, Safety, Environment: environmental and health impact assessments,risks analysis, definition of health and safety measures and emergency plan

• Operations: production and maintenance management• Reservoir: reservoir static and dynamic model definition, reservoir

management

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TMS Objectives

The primary objectives of TMS are:

• To standardise project technical activities performed by each professional area

setting best practices

• To integrate project technical activities within a unique framework

• To align project technical activities with OPDS objectives and guiding principles

The TMS is not intended to be a fully prescriptive system, which attempts to formalise and to document every activity on the Project. The TMS provides comprehensive and structured knowledge and a unique integrated framework for technical activities execution and management.

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HSE Workflows Overview - Exploration

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EXPLORATION: Workflow “Environmental Impact Assessment”

Description

The “Environmental Impact Assessment” workflow, in the following EIA, is implemented, with differences, in the following OPES phases:

• “Pre-drill Exploration”

• “Drill & Post-Drill Evaluation”

The workflow is executed within the HSE Area in cooperation with other functional areas. It is aimed at the definition of possible actions for environmental mitigation and optimisation (cost/benefits) from an environmental point of view.

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Workflow “Environmental Impact Assessment”

The objectives of the EIA workflow are the following:

• define the specific legislative constraints; to identify the legislative context relevant to the area involved in the project.

• define the specific environmental sensitivities of the area; in terms of nature

conservation value or local interest relevant to the area involved in the project

• identify and analyse identify and analyse the project environmental disturbance on the receiving

environment; possible positive and/or negative impacts of the exploration project.

• • evaluate evaluate most significant environmental impacts and indicate the actions to reduce them. This step defines the most suitable methodologies for impacts assessment and the characteristics of the monitoring plan of the project

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Activities description

The workflow consists of 4 steps, connected in different ways (serial, parallel,

connection/exchange with other workflows).

The Environmental Impact Assessment workflow, in the following EIA, is implemented, in the “Pre-drill Exploration” and “Drill & Post-Drill Evaluation” phases of a exploration project (as defined within OPES).

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Activities description

In general, depending on the type, location, sensitivity of the projects and on the nature and magnitude of their potential impacts, after a preliminary screening process or for national legislation requirements, exploration projects should be followed by two different documents as regards:

An Environmental Screening is performed, basically, during the “Pre-drill Exploration” phase, for activities whose potential impacts on environmentally important areas are not really adverse. These impacts are site-specific, usually reversible and in most cases mitigatory measures can be designed in advanced.

This document is a limited environmental impact assessment that may vary from project to project, providing full and detailed justification for the levels and approaches chosen for the particular project or site.

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An Environmental Impact Assessment is performed, basically, during “Drill & Postdrill Evaluation” phase for activities whose potential impacts on environmentally important area could be more significant, even if they are reversible and site-specific at the same time.

Most of all, this occurs when the project is located in particular sensitive areas.

The objectives of the EIA are to examine the project’s potential negative and positive environmental impacts, to compare them with those of feasible alternatives and to recommend any measures needed to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for adverse impacts and improve environmental performance.

Main input and output• Well Planning Start-up• Well Programme Definition• Risk Assessment

The outputs of the workflow are the following:• Environmental screening or Environmental Impact Assessment

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Development: HSE Workflows Overview

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Development:

Workflow “Strategic Impact Assessment”

The Strategic Impact Assessment (in the following SIA) is carried out only for Strategic Development Projects when the development of the field is economically, socially and environmentally sensitive and has the potential for significant long-term positive and/or negative impacts. The “Strategic Impact Assessment” workflow is implemented only in the Evaluation phase.

The workflow objectives consist in the evaluation of potential socio-economic, health and environmental impacts of a project, considering also related activities (both planned and existing).

The SIA is not executed within the HSE Area alone because socio-economic considerations are produced in cooperation with other areas.

Objectives of the SIA workflow are the following:

• to define the preliminary physical and socio-economic scenario of the project;

• to evaluate the possible socio-economic, health and/or environmental effects of the project;

• to demonstrate the net positive and/or negative impacts.

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Activities of Strategic Impact Assessment: three steps

The key inputs of the workflow are the following:

• definition of the physical and socio-economic scenario of the project: usually all

information is gathered from stakeholder, objectives statement of the project and

geopolitical consideration;

• evaluation of possible socio – economic, environmental and health effects of the

project: local territory information;

• demonstration of net positive and/or negative impacts.

The key outputs of the workflow are the following:

• Socio - Economic Study; • Environmental Study; • Health Impact Assessment report

• Impacts report;

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Workflow “Environmental Impact Assessment”

The “Environmental Impact Assessment” workflow, in the following EIA, is always

implemented, with some differences, in the following OPDS phases:

• Concept Selection;

• Concept Definition.

The workflow is executed within the HSE Area in cooperation with other functional areas (Facilities, Drilling and Completion, Reservoir areas). It is aimed at the definition of possible actions for environmental mitigation and optimization (cost/benefits) from an environmental point of view.

The objectives of the EIA workflow are the following:

• to define the specific legislative constraints;

• to define the specific environmental sensitivities of the area;

• to analyse the project environmental disturbance on the receiving environment;

• to indicate the actions to reduce environmental impacts.

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Inputs

• Wells engineering

• Basic Design

Outputs

• Preliminary EIA for Concept Selection phase

• Full EIA for Concept Definition phase

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In the “Concept Selection” phase the workflow is executed with a lower level of details and in this phase it refers mainly to the activity denominated Preliminary EIA. The main objectives of Preliminary EIA are:

• the description of the sensitivity of the area involved by the project

• the evaluation of the relevant legislative constraints.

The Preliminary EIA refers to the strategies for avoidance of significant impact on the identified sensitive locations. It anticipates also environmental constraints upon the type, routing and construction of oil and gas transport facilities.

It defines requirements for possible specific studies to be performed in the following

activities. In the “Concept Definition” the main activity is the full EIA.

The EIA supports the definition of design solutions of environmental technologies required to mitigate impacts and improve environmental management practices.

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Definition of the specific legislative constraints

The workflow begins with the evaluation/identification of the legislative context relevant to the area involved in the project.

The Legislative Analysis is basically carried out in the Concept Selection phase while in the Concept Definition phase it involves only possible updating.

The evaluation/revision is carried out identifying applicable laws, standards, etc

A systematic examination includes compliance as a minimum with:

• all relevant applicable legislation and associated codes of practice;

• all current and applicable standards;

• all contractual agreements.

Definition of the specific environmental sensitivities of the area

The main objective of this step is to identify the environment sensitivities in terms of nature conservation value or local interest relevant to the area involved in the project. This activity implies a thorough identification and prioritisation of key environmental sensitivities, such as:

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Key environmental “sensitivities”

• climatic conditions;

• water quality;

• groundwater;

• surface water;

• sea water;

• air quality;

• greenhouse gas emissions;

• noise and vibration;

• accidental pollution; - offshore; - onshore;

• environmental infrastructure:

- water resource management and infrastructure;

- waste disposal capacity;

• legacy pollution;

• biodiversity (marine, terrestrial);

• land use – offshore structures, onshore plant & pipeline’s;

• geology and soil (geologic/geomorphologic/soil/geotechnical characterization; geohazards (including landslides, seismic risk and subsidence)

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Analysis of the project environmental disturbance on the receiving environment. Project impact analyses

This step identifies any modification to the environment, positive or negative, partial or total, produced by the project.

A preliminary identification of possible impacts, for each possible project option is

performed during the “Concept Selection” phase.

A full identification of impacts is carried out during the “Concept Definition” phase.

Analyses of the significance of the estimated impact

This step defines the most suitable methodologies for impacts estimation and the

characteristics of the monitoring plan of the project. The analysis is curried out in the following way:

• assessment of significance of the environmental effects using predefined acceptance criteria;

• identification of mitigating measures;

• design of proper methods to monitor environmental effects.

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Development: HSE Workflows Overview

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Workflow “Environmental Analysis”

The “Environmental Analysis” workflow is implemented in the “Execution” and “Production and Clouse Out” phases of OPDS.

The workflow is executed by HSE Area with the cooperation of Facilities and Drilling & Completion areas.

The objective of the “Environmental Analysis” workflow is the characterization of the

environmental aspects of the activities and evaluation of their significance, aimed at

correctly managing such aspects in the framework of the HSE-QR Integrated Management System (UN ENI ISO 14001 Standard for Environment).



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.

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Characterization of all environmental aspects of the activities

This step is aimed at correctly characterising the activities/operations that may have a significant adverse effect on the environmental performance.

The characterization is based on a detailed analysis of all environmental aspects to identify the main impacts.

For each activity/operation, information is gathered on environmental aspects, including:

• land use;

• waste production;

• air emissions;

• visual effects;

• noise;

• other relevant environmental effect

The action is aimed at identifying all the elements, which may be affected by a potential HSE hazard that could arise from each activity and from the materials, which are used.

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Evaluation of the legislative and policy’s constraints

The scope of this step is to evaluate systematically and regularly all legal requirements and the ones which may influence the different phases of every development project.

The most important action is to verify periodically the activities conformance to the

applicable laws and internal standards.

HSE Policy, company’s standards and strategic objectives can supplement and, in some cases, exceed the legislative requirements in establishing more challenging constraints.

Evaluation of the environmental significance of the aspects

The goals of this step are:

• verification of compliance with all applicable requirements;

• the identification of methods and procedures aimed at ensuring the minimisation of environmental impacts (harmful discharges, emissions, wastes, etc.) from operative activities (involving Company, Contractors and stakeholders) and an efficient use of energy and natural resources.

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The main inputs of the workflow are the following:

• Environmental Impact Assessment;

• HSEQ Plan;

• Project development plan;

• Wells Programs;

• Construction, Installation and Pre-commissioning Plans.

The outputs of the workflow are the following:

• Environmental Register;

• Environmental procedures.

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Technical Support Processes: environmental issues

Waste Management

Decommissioning and reclamation

Oil spills contingency planning and remediation

………………….

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Waste Management

Responsible and effective waste management seeks, in a structured manner, to minimise the risk of HSE incidents and liabilities which may be caused by waste.

A very important process of waste management is the periodical and systematic review of the principles to prevent, reduce, reuse and recover waste material. Equally important is the structured assessment of potential HSE hazards and effects.

Usually the risk of liability can be eliminated or substantially reduced if waste is transferred to duly authorised, certified and regularly audited waste transporters and disposal facilities in accordance with applicable legislation. In most jurisdictions, but not all, this will be sufficient for a waste generator to discharge his responsibility to exercise "due care" in handling or disposing of waste.

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Waste Management

Proper management of wastes begins with pollution prevention. Pollution prevention refers to the elimination, change or reduction of operating practices which result in discharges to land, air or water.

This principle is incorporated into the design and management of E&P facilities and the planning of associated activities. If elimination of waste is not possible, then method to minimise the amount of waste generated are investigated.

Responsible waste management is accomplished through hierarchical application of the practices of source reduction, reuse, recycling, recovery, treatment and responsible disposal.

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Waste Management

Source Reduction - the generation of less waste through more efficient practices

such as:• material elimination• inventory control and management• material substitution• process modification• improved housekeeping.

• Reuse - the use of materials or products that are reusable in their original form such as: chemical containers

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Waste Management

• Recycling/Recovery - the conversion of wastes into usable materials and/or

extraction of energy or materials from wastes. Examples include:• recycling scrap metal• recycling drilling muds• using cleaned drill cuttings for road construction material• recovering oil from tank bottoms and produced water

• Treatment - the destruction, detoxification and/or neutralisation of residues through processes such as

• biological methods; composting, tank based degradation• thermal methods; incineration, thermal desorption• chemical methods; neutralisation, stabilisation• physical methods; filtration, centrifugation.

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Waste Management

Responsible Disposal - depositing wastes on land or in water using methods

appropriate for a given situation. Disposal methods include:• Landfilling• Burial• surface discharge• landspreading or landfarming• underground injection.

The potential ecological sensitivity of the location of operations is a key issue for the selection of an appropriate management practice of specific waste. Information on geology, hydrology, climate and biological communities must support and adjust the choice of the preferred waste management option.

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The term “decommissioning” means the whole process whereby parts of facilities, such as platforms or plants or equipment, are closed, made safe, removed, since the production of hydrocarbons from the reservoir has become unprofitable.

The removal of all equipment/facilities of industrial sites no longer productive must be followed by reclamation, i.e. restoring the location as it was before starting exploration and production activities.

Accordingly to local legal constraints and to contractual undertakings to be verified in each case, it is a common practice to prepare a detailed decommissioning program to be communicated and/or submitted to the involved Authority and/or Joint Venture partners.

After decommissioning the options are:

• total removal and transportation to an authorized site for disposal

• removal and reuse in another site

• reuse in situ for purposes other than oil&gas production.

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Provided that all possible legal constraints are fully met (i.e. obtaining the necessary authorizations), possible removal alternatives are analyzed according to the following factors, in accordance with the Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) analysis technique:

• environmental impact

• consumption/emission balance

• safety

• health impact

• assessment of technical feasibility of “other purpose” reuse

• costs

These factors are in turn influenced by many elements. The usual practice is to divide the decommissioning project into two main stages from the impact point of view:

• "operational" stage, i.e. the environmental effects of removal operations

• "end-point" stage, i.e. the impacts on the new destination (e.g., in the case of partial removal, those associated with the slow and long-term deterioration of facilities remaining on site).

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During transportation and storage, environmental impacts are related to emissions, discharges and possible leakage connected with the operating activities and hence shall be evaluated in relation to the receiving environment.

• Decommissioning operations are generally similar to those for facilities installation. Like installation operations, decommissioning work needs to be carefully engineered and specific procedures should be followed since, in most cases, the facilities to be removed are approaching the end of their working life and hence it is necessary to consider all modifications that have taken place over time.

• The different methodologies for removal, and the subsequent final destination, depend on a number of different factors such as:

• type of structure or plant, dimensions and weights,

• for offshore plants distance from the coast or the nearest area for disposal, weather and oceanographic conditions, and complexity of the operations

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Another key factor to be kept in mind when selecting the removal method is that of worker safety. In particular, the following should be evaluated:

• the uncertainty surrounding the weight and centre of gravity location of the

elements to be lifted;

• the presence of liquids or gas in the tanks or pipelines, which in addition to constituting a weight increase, can also be hazardous for workers or polluting for the environment;

• any reduction of the strength of structural components, which can deteriorate as a

result of corrosion or have undergone fatiguing load cycles.

The assessment of the above factors, with rare exceptions, does not allow, h however, the complete actual situation to be determined and ascertained. It is therefore necessary to assess the risks and take every precaution to minimize these risks that the approximate knowledge of the structure to be removed can entail.

Accordingly to local legal constraints, to be verified in each decommissioning project, it is therefore recommended (and in many countries will be mandatory):

• to include in the decommissioning project a detailed plan for restoring the area;

• to request local Authority to approve and/or authorize the "general plan of

interventions" before the start up of the works.

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Efficiency in responding adequately to oil spill accidental events is an effort for each Oil Company, since these emergencies can bring about serious environmental consequences.

Prompt response can be provided if a suitable emergency plan, supported by operative resources, exist in accordance to a clear and well defined organization program.

Following the first response, a remediation plan must be implemented, with the aim of assuring the complete recovery of the affected areas, to the original conditions of the sites.

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Collection and processing of significant amount of data are requested to prepare a valuable Oil Spill Contingency Plan, for which more significant guiding principles are:

• A tiered response frame must be worked out, since the company must be able to escalate its reaction according to even unexpected changing circumstances;

• Maximum credible and most likely case scenarios have to be identified, based upon a risk analyses of all the geographic areas covered by the Plan;

• A cooperative approach by all concerned parties is essential in ensuring

effectiveness. Cooperation must be sought by the Companies sharing same risks in a similar area and by integrating the industrial plans with the governmental ones.

As for the tiered response, since the location, amount and timing of a spill event are unpredictable, it is advisable to rank the spill event according to location and spill size criteria. A combination of the two is necessary, since the operations effectiveness is influenced by logistic constraints.

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Small local spills, Small/Medium spills at some distance from operational centres/local,

Large spills exceeding national boundaries are the scenarios to be addressed.

Normally, for significant spill events, the Company’s duty is to deploy all the available resources immediately, while the Governmental Agency takes the leading role in the operations.

The cooperation with the government for oil spill response is essential, because the viable strategy, which technically must be adaptable to different locations, conditions, different times of the year, must be established and confirmed in consultation with the relevant authorities.

The largest oil spill asks for the maximum organizational level. It means team and personnel clear roles and responsibility, effective communication, complete staff training.

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This organization must rely on adequate and dedicated resources that could be acquired through external specialized contractors.

Oil spills occurring on land or occurring at sea with beach pollution, requires a final remediation of the affected areas. That means the preparation of a specific restoration plan which is worked out when these cases take place.

The most valuable techniques must be used, including monitoring techniques in order to check the process of cleanup.

Details of the remediation plans have to be agreed with the relevant control authorities.

23347906 M9 ENI Environment 1

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