23. Self and Mutual inductance
Transcript of 23. Self and Mutual inductance
23. Self and Mutual inductance
Announcements:
Assignment 3 due Monday (instead of today)
Lab 3 (AC circuits) will start Monday after the break
The practice quiz website will be up this w-e
Last class before the break!!!!
Where will you go over the break?
1. Go skiing
2. Work on the Faraday machine
3. Go to sun and sea
4. Go home
5. Stay in Montreal
6. I donβt know yet
7. Other
Joseph Henry
1797 β 1878
American physicist
First director of the Smithsonian
First president of the Academy of Natural Science
Improved design of electromagnet
Constructed one of the first motors
Discovered self-inductance
βͺ Didnβt publish his results
Unit of inductance is named in his honor
Section 32.1
Inductance Units
The SI unit of inductance is the henry (H)
Named for Joseph Henry
A
sV1H1
=
Section 32.1
Self-Inductance, consequence of Faradayβs law
An induced emf is always proportional to the time rate of change of the current.
βͺ The emf is proportional to the flux, which is proportional to the field and the field is
proportional to the current.
L is a constant of proportionality called the self-inductance of the coil.
This creates a voltage = ππΏ across the coil.
βͺ It depends on the geometry of the coil and other physical characteristics.
ππΏ = βπΏππΌ
ππ‘
Section 32.1
L
Inductance of a Coil
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Inductance of a Coil
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
π
Inductance of a Coil
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Section 32.1
π΅ = π0πΌπ
π
π
Inductance of a Coil
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Section 32.1
π΅ = π0πΌπ
πand Ξ¦π΅ = π β π΅
π
S
Inductance of a Coil
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Section 32.1
π΅ = π0πΌπ
πand Ξ¦π΅ = π β π΅
β πΏ =π0π
2π
ππ
S
Inductance of a Coil
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Section 32.1
π΅ = π0πΌπ
πand Ξ¦π΅ = π β π΅
β πΏ =π0π
2π
π= π0π
2ππ
S
π =π
π
Volume of inductor
Inductance of a Coil adding an iron bar inside
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Section 32.1
π΅ = ππΌπ
πand Ξ¦π΅ = π β π΅
β πΏ =ππ2π
π= ππ2π
ππ =
π
π
Volume of inductor
Permeability of the material
Iron
Inductance of a Coil adding an iron bar inside
A closely spaced coil of N turns carrying current I has an inductance of
The inductance is a measure of the opposition to a change in current.
πΏ =πΞ¦π΅
πΌ
Section 32.1
π΅ = ππΌπ
πand Ξ¦π΅ = π β π΅
β πΏ =ππ2π
π= ππ2π
ππ =
π
π
Volume of inductor
Permeability of the material
Iron
π = 5000π0Huge enhancement of the magnetic field!
Magnetic energy
Power in inductor:
Power in inductor:
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘
Energy in inductor:
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘
Energy in inductor:
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ
Energy in inductor:
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
π΅
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
ππ΅
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
πβ π =
π2π0ππΌ2
2ππ΅
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
πβ π =
π2π0ππΌ2
2π=
π2π0ππΌ2
2π2π΅
Volume inside
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
πβ π =
π2π0ππΌ2
2π=
π2π0ππΌ2
2π2π΅
Volume inside
π΅ = π0πΌπ
π
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
πβ π =
π2π0ππΌ2
2π=
π2π0ππΌ2
2π2=
ππ΅2
2π0π΅
Volume inside
π΅ = π0πΌπ
π
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
πβ π =
π2π0ππΌ2
2π=
π2π0ππΌ2
2π2=
ππ΅2
2π0π΅
Volume inside
π’ =π
πMagnetic field energy
density in vacuum
Power in inductor:
π = ΰΆ±π β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±πΏπππ
ππ‘β ππ‘ = ΰΆ±
0
πΌ
πΏπ β ππ =1
2πΏπΌ2
Energy in inductor:
L=π2π0π
πβ π =
π2π0ππΌ2
2π=
π2π0ππΌ2
2π2=
ππ΅2
2π0π΅
Volume inside
π’ =π
π=
π΅2
2π0
Magnetic field energy
density in vacuum
Energy density of electromagnetic field in vacuum:
π’ =π΅2
2π0+π0πΈ
2
2
Magnetic field contribution
Electric field contribution
Energy density of electromagnetic field in vacuum:
π’ =π΅2
2π0+π0πΈ
2
2
Magnetic field contribution
Electric field contribution
Energy density of electromagnetic field in materials:
π’ =π΅2
2π+ππΈ2
2
permeability
permittivity
Ο1 = π³πΌ1 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
I1
11 LI=
πππ1 = βπΟ1ππ‘
Ο1 = πΏπΌ1 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
11 LI=
πππ1 = βπΟ1ππ‘
Ο2 = π΄πΌ1 Mutual-inductance (a current creates a magnetic flux elsewhere)
12 MI=
I1
Ο2 = πΏπΌ2 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
Ο2 = ππΌ1 Mutual-inductance (a current creates a magnetic flux elsewhere)
21 MI=
222 IL=I2
Reciprocity: The mutual inductance
M of 1 onto 2 is the same as 2 onto 1
Ο2 = πΏπΌ2 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
Ο2 = ππΌ1 Mutual-inductance (a current creates a magnetic flux elsewhere)
I2
πππ1 = βπΟ1ππ‘
= βπΏππΌ1ππ‘
πππ2 = βπΟ2
ππ‘= βπ
ππΌ1ππ‘
I1
11 LI=
12 MI=
Ο2 = πΏπΌ2 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
Ο2 = ππΌ1 Mutual-inductance (a current creates a magnetic flux elsewhere)
I2
πππ1 = βπΟ1ππ‘
= βπΏππΌ1ππ‘
πππ2 = βπΟ2
ππ‘= βπ
ππΌ1ππ‘
Unit of inductance: Henry [H]
I1
11 LI=
12 MI=
Ο2 = πΏπΌ2 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
Ο2 = ππΌ1 Mutual-inductance (a current creates a magnetic flux elsewhere)
I2
πππ1 = βπΟ1ππ‘
= βπΏππΌ1ππ‘
πππ2 = βπΟ2
ππ‘= βπ
ππΌ1ππ‘
β πΌ2 =πππ2π 2
A change in current π°π will induce π°π
Resistance
(impedance) of πΌ2loop
I1
11 LI=
12 MI=
Ο2 = πΏπΌ2 Self-inductance (a current creates its own magnetic flux)
Ο2 = ππΌ1 Mutual-inductance (a current creates a magnetic flux elsewhere)
I2
πππ1 = βπΟ1ππ‘
= βπΏππΌ1ππ‘
πππ2 = βπΟ2
ππ‘= βπ
ππΌ1ππ‘
β πΌ2 =πππ2π 2
A change in current π°π will induce π°π
Resistance
(impedance) of πΌ2loop
Primary coil
11 LI=
12 MI=
I1
powerelectronictips.com
60Hz
100kHz
π2 loops, multiplies the magnetic flux!
πππ2 = βπ2πΟ2
ππ‘= βπ
ππΌ1ππ‘
β π =π2Ο2
πΌ1
Example:
Mutual inductance
(between coil 1 and 2)
Example:
L=π1Οπ΅1
π1=
π12π0π΄π1
ππ1=
π12π0π΄
π
Mutual inductance
(between coil 1 and 2)
Self inductance (coil 1)
LC circuit
Courtesy of M. Devoret
2000 qubits !
LC circuit
LC circuit
LC circuit
π
πΆ
LC circuit Kirchhoff loop:
βπΏππΌ
ππ‘βπ
πΆ= 0
LC circuit Kirchhoff loop:
βπΏππΌ
ππ‘βπ
πΆ= 0
πΌ =ππ
ππ‘
LC circuit Kirchhoff loop:
βπΏππΌ
ππ‘βπ
πΆ= 0
πΌ =ππ
ππ‘
πΏπ2π
ππ‘2+π
πΆ= 0
LC circuit Kirchhoff loop:
βπΏππΌ
ππ‘βπ
πΆ= 0
πΌ =ππ
ππ‘
πΏπ2π
ππ‘2+π
πΆ= 0
Second order differential equation (like the harmonic oscillator)
Digital Lab